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Methods of weed control on perennial grassland
ONDRÁK, Aleš
The control of perennial weed species, which grow on permanent grass growths, is an increasing problem for the farmers. Their regulation is very difficult and expensive. Farmers should primarily focus on avoiding weed to excess. This expresses the need of finding cheap and advantageous regulations that will be able to prevent weed from excessing. The aim of this work is to contribute to the expansion of the knowledge about the appropriate regulatory precaution and the possibilities of its usage. There were observed the most represented weed species on permanent grass growth in ZD Třebelovice. Mostly, the land sorrel and dandelion medical Hinoki were found. Also, the influence of mowing on the presence of perennial weed species and the influence of chosen herbicide application were observed.
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The methods of regulation the Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. on arable land
KOCEK, Václav
Weed infestation of the arable land by persistent weeds is serious problem today. Very dangerous species occuring in all crops, not just only on the arable land, is "Elytrigia repens". It's spread is connected with decrease the level of tillage and with reduction of agrotechnical measures. The target of my thesis is to broadening of knowledges and to suggest other possible solutions of regulation of the occurrence of "Elytrigia repens". SO we did an herbicidal attempt at "Triticum aestivum", which was focused on chemical regulation of this weed. There were used three herbicidal products in different variants. Using of herbicidal products reduces the occurrence of weed species.
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Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring and Biomedical Applications
ŠTOFIK, Marcel
Study of biosensors has become an essential part of research in biotechnology. Biosensors as fast, portable, highly sensitive, and low-cost bioanalytical detection devices have been utilized in many fields of human activity. The first part of the presented work focuses on electrochemical biosensors for rapid environmental screening of herbicides as water pollutants. A sol-gel immobilization method for a photosystem II (PSII) complex is studied in order to enhance the sensitivity and the signal strength and stability of a PSII-based biosensor. Computer simulations of a PSII biosensor are employed with the aim to find out how the immobilization membrane properties influence the biosensor parameters. Newly developed immobilization by a thin-layer membrane based on the results of computer simulations and revised measurement protocols are presented. The second part of the work is devoted to synthesis and electrochemical detection of newly developed metal labels for electrochemical immunosensors. The synthesis of dendrimer-encapsulated silver nanoparticles and biorecognition properties of biotin-nanocomposite conjugates are discussed. For detection of synthesized labels, a microfluidic detector was manufactured and tested and different approaches to packing of a microfluidic chip employing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were investigated. Newly designed microstructures for a microfluidic separator of magnetic beads (MBs) were studied by computer simulations. The separator was made and trapping of MBs for the further employment in MBs-based immunoassays are presented
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Studium a ochrana dřevin: Monitoring zdravotního stavu dřevin a sledování příčinných souvislostí šíření významných patogenů pro zlepšení ekologické stability a druhové diverzity s ohledem na klimatické a antropogenní vlivy
Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Brno ; Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, Průhonice ; Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Praha ; Zamarská, Sylva ; Vágnerová, Irena ; Štajerová, Radka ; Mračanská, Eva ; Motrjlová, Petra ; Kunce, Petr ; Hausvaterová, Svatava ; Fišarová, Eva ; Petruš, Josef ; Koželuhová, Kamila ; Mertelík, Josef ; Červenka, Michal ; Strnadová, Veronika ; Švecová, Anna ; Černý, Karel ; Holub, Vladimír ; Gregorová, Božena
Ve zprávě jsou modelově zpracovány výsledky změn zdravotního stavu dřevin za období posledních devíti let na jedné z dlouhodobě monitorovaných lokalit. No všech modelových lokalitách byla provedena revize četnosti dřevin jednotlivých taxonů a vyhodnoceny změny v jejich početním a druhovém zastoupení. Byla ukončena 1. etapa výběru modelových lokalit na území celé ČR k monitorování zdravotního stavu dřevin a biomonitoringu závažných chorob a patogenů, s důrazem na výskyt a šíření onemocnění, která způsobují hromadná hynutí dřevin. Výzkum byl orientován na hynutí olší, topolů a dalších významných dřevin a výskyt nebezpečných parazitických mikroorganismů. Průběžně je prováděna syntéza klimatických faktorů ve vztahu k modelovým lokalitám. Z antropogenních negativních vlivů bylo hodnoceno poškození dřevin herbicidy a ořezem
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Toxicity of selected substances for spiny-cheek crayfish
MAHOVSKÁ, Ivana
The thesis examined the toxicity of selected compounds for spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus) in laboratory conditions. Tested the acute toxicity of the insecticide Diazinon 60 EC and herbicide Roundup Biaktiv. Tests were chosen to juveniles spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus), and juvenile and adult specimens of signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus).These species of crayfish have been selected as an easily accessible model organism. Both species of crayfish spreading and in Europe they are unoriginal. Work focused on the observed toxicity of these substances on spiny-cheek crayfish and signal crayfish and the demands on the quality of the environment.
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Biology and control of catchweed
VONDRUŠKA, Jakub
A very limited range of crops provides the human nutrition. In some time there was selected a little amount of weedy species that plays an important role with respect to quantum and danger. Galium aparine belongs to these species. Therefore an herbicide experiment was carried out with Triticum aestivum catering for a chemical regulation of this weed. In particular 26 varieties of a half of a hectare there was used 21 herbicide preparations and their combinations altogether in demanding conditions of low preparation of soil. It was realised at a land with a large amount of Galium aparine. Most of the preparations had a very good effect regarding the actual control. At some of them Galium aparine nevertheless outgrew and produced seeds. Although these seeds were produced in a little amount, they supply the reserve in a soil. In the literary recherche are described biology, harmfulness and potential methods of regulation of Galium aparine.
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The control of weeds in maize stand
BÍLÁ, Alena
For processing my theses I chose an agricultural company Agroprofit Chotýčany s.r.o, that concentrate mostly on the production of maize silage for biogas power station. The firm has been using the non-tillage system of soil cultivation for a several years, which contributes to a higher occurrence of weeds in a soil. Therefore I tried to control the most significant weeds chemically (Tripleurospermum inodorum, Polygonum convolvulus, Echinochloa crus-galli, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense) in Zea mays. I was monitoring especially Elytrigia repens that is difficult to fight in the non-tillage system of soil cultivation. The experiment was being realised for two years. There were used 14 herbicide preparations and their combinations in 8 varieties at 4 hectares. The preparations were analysed considering their affect on weeds and economical viewpoint.
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