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Representation in International Organizations: Size and Composition of National Delegations
Vlček, Václav ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Karlas, Jan (referee) ; Sommerer, Thomas (referee)
In general, states and their governments make decisions in international politics and international organizations. However, the states are, in fact, represented by people. How many and who are they? This dissertation thesis deals with state representation in international organizations. In particular, it studies the size and composition of national delegations to plenary meetings of international organizations. From the theoretical perspective, the thesis builds on rationalist assumptions and tests established theories in the field. As for the causes of the various delegation sizes, the thesis hypothesizes 1) various institutional power, 2) different economic resources, 3) various intensity of national interests, 4) different levels of government effectiveness, and 5) different domestic political regimes. Next, the theoretical framework explains the various delegation composition by 1) different intensity of the national preferences, 2) different levels of government effectiveness, and 3) different domestic political regimes. From the methodological perspective, the thesis builds on an extensive statistical analysis using a unique quantitative dataset across seventeen international organizations and the UN General Assembly sessions from 1993 to 2016. The delegation composition is operationalized in...
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Character of nuclear energy in European Union - history and present
Koryčanský, Roman ; Šen, Hugo (referee) ; Martinec, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis deals with the development and current status of nuclear energy in Europe. The first part focuses on the legislative background in the EU – The Euratom treaty. Next, the thesis describes the history of European companies that are engaged in nuclear energy, in particular the French company AREVA. The largest part of the thesis deals with the relationship of nuclear energy and public opinion, and focuses on the status of nuclear energy in selected countries and the attitudes of environmental organizations. This section also includes a description of the history of the most serious accidents. The conclusion focuses on the economic aspects of nuclear energy and its future.
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EEC and CMEA in 1957-1973
Krejčová, Jana ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Lomíček, Jan (referee)
The relationship between the European Economic Community and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance went through a major transformation between 1957 and 1973. This thesis argues that the institutional interactions between these two organizations were a logical consequence of their internal development. Both represented a regional economic integration and despite political and ideological differences they have been forced to establish a certain level of cooperation, due to the expanding contacts between the member states. After the signing of the Treaties of Rome, which founded EEC, CMEA refused to recognize de jure the existence of the Community and condemned it as a discriminatory capitalist organization. At the same time the Council passed reforms that were supposed to link its economies and strengthen the cohesion of the Eastern bloc. By adoption of the Statute of 1959, the CMEA established its internal structure and operating principles. The first success of the EEC, the pursuit of its own reforms and the UK application motivated CMEA to revise its attitude to the EEC for the first time. The Soviet leadership tried unsuccessfully to get through a supranational leadership of the CMEA - principle they criticized in the EEC for being discriminatory. After the appointment of de Gaulle as...
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Citizens trust in international organisations
Trelle, Michael ; Parízek, Michal (advisor) ; Sedlecká, Adéla (referee)
This master thesis explores which factors determines individual-level trust in international organizations. By using data from the new World Value Survey 7, the citizens trust in the IMF and the UN is investigated in 44 countries. First, the established association between citizens national political trust and their trust in international organizations is explored. Second, the concept of ingroup-outgroup is used to created a new theoretical model to see whether ingroup-outgroup trust has a moderating effect or a direct effect on the established association. The results show that in close to one third of the countries, there is no association between citizens national political trust and their trust in the IMF and the UN. This challenge the theoretical model from the literature and encourage to look more into country specific aspects to explain these differences. The data showed that in more than one third of the countries, ingroup-outgroup trust has a direct effect on the association between citizens national political trust and their trust in the IMF and the UN. It means that the concept of ingroup-outgroup trust can be added as a new concept into the theoretical model that explores individual-level trust in international organizations.
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Contemporary European regional organizations and their tools for conflict prevention and conflict resolution
Ruffer-Lustigová, Petra ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Šturma, Pavel (referee) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
This study seeks to explore the phenomenon of different approaches European security organizations (EU, NATO and OSCE) apply in conflict prevention and conflict management, as well as the tools they use in the framework of security governance. The purpose of exploring this issue is to understand why states tend to collaborate through international organizations, what is the role of a hegemon, in what way organizations execute delegated powers, whether the institutional design of international organizations can influence its effectivity, and last but not least, how important are shared values in the process of regional cooperation. Qualitative approach aiming at understanding the causes and their interpretation was picked out to draw relevant conclusions to be later compared with theoretical approaches of constructivism, institutionalism the hegemonic stability theory. A case study approach is used at the methodological level to explore the influence hegemon has (or precisely two hegemons) over the functions of OSCE; the role of shared values in promoting a zone of peace and stability beyond the region borders (European Neighbourhood Policy); or the ability of international institutions to independently act on behalf of member states in line with (or even against) their interests. The last subject...
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Literary education in kindergarten
SKIBOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with the development of early literacy among children in kindergarten, particularly in Kindergarten Jílovská 75 in Prague 4. The theoretical part defines terminology such as literary education, reading literacy, pre-reading literacy, curricular documents for pre-school education. It describes factors influencing the development of skills previous reading. The second part of the bachelor thesis presents the result of research, which describes current environment in Kindergarten Jílovská and explores how do teachers develop early literacy and which methods of work they use. A semi-structured interview was used for this analysis. Worksheets were created on the basis of this. The verification and subsequent evaluation of these worksheets are an integral part of this thesis.
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The Membership of Germany in International Organizations
PAVELCOVÁ, Berta
This work should demonstrate Germany as one of the meaningful country in the world. The first chapter describes the political and economic importance of Germany from several points of view like its infrastructure, economy and foreign policy. The next chapters are concentrated on the rolle of Germany in political and economic organisations ( EU, UN, WTO, OECD, G-8 ) and they try to short explain how these organisations are set up, how they make decisions and their contribution to the wealth worlwide. The last chapter brings near German military operations and humanitarian aid. This chapter also demonstrates that military engagement is for the Germans still a controversial and interesting subject.
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EU Policy towards autonomous regions with a potential to be independent - Catalonia and Scotland
Havlín, Kryštof ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis aims to analyze the policy of the European Union towards European autonomous regions which have the potential to become independent. It focuses especially on the issue of EU membership for regions that have a tendency to separate from an EU Member State. Two major separatist events took place in the European Union in the last decade. In 2014, Scotland declared a referendum approved by the central government on independence from the UK. In 2017, the independent Republic of Catalonia, that wanted to secede from the Kingdom of Spain on the basis of an illegal referendum, was declared. The passive attitude of the European Union towards the aggravated situation in the territory of its member state led me to address the issue from the perspective of the EU whose representatives consider these developments to be internal affairs of the states. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis is to find out what the approach of the EU to the mentioned regions is in terms of potential membership in case these regions become independent. At the same time, the bachelor's thesis should clarify why the European Union holds these positions and what their legal framework is. The paper also presents hypothetical scenarios for the accession of potentially independent regions of Catalonia and Scotland to...
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The role of the European Union in preserving international peace and security
Pikna, Stanislav ; Ondřej, Jan (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to analyze the role of the European Union in maintaining international peace and security. The 1990s proved to be a decade of uncertainty and ambiguity in which both the UN, NATO, the WEU and the EU struggled to re-define themselves in relation to the radically altered security environment of the post-Cold War era. After the collapse of bipolar world, there are favorable conditions for more effective work of the United Nations Security Council as well as for greater role of international organizations to share responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. The lack of military instruments to support the policy aims of the Union contributed to pressure for the development of an EU defence dimension. The experience with crisis in Kosovo has led to significant developments since the late 1990s. The EU has acquired unprecedented military capability, a security strategy to inform its use and since 2003 it has engaged in several deployments of forces under the European Security and Defence Policy. Nowadays, the Lisbon treaty seems to be another milestone in the process of framing the EU as a military actor. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of issue relating to international peace and security. Chapter one is...
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