|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Time evolution of rheological parameters of slag activated with various activators
Pazour, Miroslav ; Smilek, Jiří (oponent) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (vedoucí práce)
This master thesis focuses on the state-of-art review, alongside with optimization of the oscillatory measurements using hybrid rheometer, but mainly on observation of changes in rheological parameters in time of ground granulated blast furnace slag activated with various activating solutions at two concentrations of M: 4 and 7.5 moldm. Vicat method and isothermal calorimetry outputs supported the results. In all samples, linear viscoelastic region limits decreased over time. In time sweep tests, it was observed that silicates-activated pastes had the lowest complex modulus values, slag activated with hydroxides had the highest at 4 moldm, and somewhere in the middle were other pastes that were comparable to each other. The same pattern was observed for time evolution of yield oscillation stress obtained from amplitude sweep tests (continuous and discontinuous). Due to the more interconnected structure at later stages, both mentioned parameters, complex modulus and yield stress, evolved in time. All tests showed that surface chemistry is very important for rheology behavior. Hence, the activator nature and concentration affected the rheological properties through the Na and K ions effects, as well as the concentration have impact on the electric double layer. The rheological behavior may also be affected by other factors, e.g., the viscosity of the activating solution and the overall hydration kinetics.
|
|
|
Vliv pH záměsové vody na hydrataci a mechanické vlastnosti cementových kompozitů.
Bezděk, Ondřej ; Krátký, Josef (oponent) ; Šiler, Pavel (vedoucí práce)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá vlivem pH záměsové vody na hydrataci a mechanické vlastnosti cementových kompozitů na bázi portlandského cementu. Výchozím materiálem byl CEM I 42,5 R. Průběh hydratace byl analyzován pomocí isoperibolické kalorimetrie, rentgenové difrakční analýzy a diferenční termické analýzy. Z mechanických vlastností byla sledována pevnost v tahu za ohybu a pevnost v tlaku. Mikrostruktura vzorků byla pozorována pomocí skenovací elektronové mikroskopie. Byl prokázán vliv pH záměsové vody na jednodenní pevnost v tahu za ohybu a pevnost v tlaku, zpomalení hydratace a poměr jednotlivých fází.
|
|
|
Chemical and Physical Transformations of Humic Acids
Vlčková, Zoja ; Pospíšilová, Ľubica (oponent) ; Janoš,, Pavel (oponent) ; Pekař, Miloslav (vedoucí práce)
This work is a pilot study testing the relationships between biological properties and structure of humic acids extracted from original and modified South-Moravian lignite, mine Mír, Mikulčice. In first part of the work, methods suitable for increase of the humic acid yield were explored. Lignite oxidation in gas phase turned out to be relatively instrumentally demanding and insufficiently effective. Therefore, only oxidation in liquid phase was explored further along with modification with short-chained organic acids. Modification with short-chained organic acids was inspired by processes enhancing biological functions in rhizosphere, i.e. the root system produces exudates causing changes in the supramolecular structure of the surrounding organic matter, improving its mobility and cell-walls penetration. Primary structure of humic acids produced in this work was investigated by elemental analysis, solid state NMR, EPR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Despite the fact that only minor differences were found, conducted assessment of biological activity and genotoxic potential showed that humic acids and their respective humates isolated from lignite with different pre-treatment show different bioactivity. Therefore, supramolecular structure of samples in diluted solutions was investigated by means of HPSEC, HRUS and densitometry measurements. Two counterions – potassium and ammonium – were tested. Obtained results confirm the assumption that observed quality of humates depends on counterion, concen-tration of humate and also on the method of lignite pre-treatment. Both selected pre-treatment methods showed potential to produce humic acids with variable biological properties, applicable in agriculture, environmental chemistry and potencially also in pharmacology.
|
|
|
Hydrogels of Humic Acids
Cihlář, Zdeněk ; Lehocký,, Marián (oponent) ; Pospíšilová,, Lubica (oponent) ; Kučerík, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
Humic acids (HAs) are the main components of the soil organic matter. They are ubiquitous substances with complex chemical and physicochemical structure. In this study, several modifications of HAs were carried out in order to modify their properties. In the first part, the influence of lignite air oxidation on the yield and physicochemical character of regenerated humic acids were studied. In the second step, to stabilize the structure of lignite humic acids and improve the water holding capacity, we applied formaldehyde and carbodiimides crosslinking procedures leading to covalent coupling of humic acids moieties. The production of crosslinked structures was motivated by the attempt to design HAs-based systems resembling hydrogels, with the possibility to modify their reactivity and water retention. Samples were analyzed for their chemical composition and physicochemical properties using various techniques, among the most important were DSC and NMR relaxometry. The chemical composition was studied using FTIR and elemental analysis in order to assess the changes in comparison to pristine humic acids. The stabilities of derivatives were determined by using thermogravimetry. The most important parameter studied in this work was the change in hydration characteristics. For this reason, we developed and applied several new thermoanalytical and NMR relaxometry approaches. In particular, to mimic the situations occurring in nature, we studied sorption of water on humic acids from controlled humidities and monitored qualitative and quantitative aspects of water sorption. Crosslinking by formaldehyde induced a reduction in moisture sorption capacity, which was attributed to the separation of functional groups and a decrease in structural compactness. In addition, the crosslinked humic acids exhibited faster water uptake and approximately three-fold higher water holding capacity than pristine humic acids. In case of carbodiimide coupling (by using water-soluble N-Ethyl-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)), the derivatives of humic acids contained only between 14–40 % of original free carboxylic groups. Despite that, they exceeded the moisture harvesting ability of parental humic acids around 10–14 % after their equilibration at 100% relative humidity. Although, they showed also more rigid structure, the EDC derivatives showed also faster swelling kinetics and reached almost the same water holding capacity as original sample after 18 days. However, carbodiimides derivatives began to degrade already after 3–9 days during swelling tests, which subsequently decreased their performance. The results suggest that water holding capacity, swelling kinetics and moisture harvesting ability of humic acids are not influenced exceptionally by the amount of free carboxylic groups or other polar functionalities, but also by their spatial arrangement and the distribution of pore sizes on the surface and inside the humic structure. The knowledge gained in this study is beneficial, among others, for the production of soil humic acids-based conditioners, i.e. remediation agents having required and simultaneously adjustable ability to bind and release water into the surrounding environment. Last, but not least, the presented findings improve the fundamental understanding the hydration processes in pristine and modified humic acids, which is beneficial to elucidate the hydration of complex natural systems, and of in particular of natural organic matter.
|
|
|
Vápenato-hlinité hydráty - laboratorní příprava a charakterizace
Koplík, Jan ; Opravil, Tomáš (oponent) ; Šoukal, František (vedoucí práce)
Vápenato-hlinité fáze jsou důležitou součástí portlandského i hlinitanového cementu. Při jejich hydrataci vznikají různé vápenato-hlinité hydráty. Jejich vznik závisí na podmínkách hydratace.V diplomové práci proto byla zkoumána hydratace čtyř čistých vápenato-hlinitých fází – CA, CA2, C12A7, C3A při čtyřech různých pH – 6, 9, 11, 12,65. Vápenato-hlinité fáze byly připraveny slinováním CaCO3 a Al2O3 v pevné fázi v laboratorní peci. Hydratace probíhala po dobu 48 hodin. Kinetika hydratace byla zkoumána pomocí kalorimetrie. Vzniklé hydratační produkty byly identifikovány pomocí metod XRD a DTA.
|
|
| |
|
|
Hydration and structure of humic acids studied by thermal analysis
Grebíková, Lucie ; Šmejkalová, Daniela (oponent) ; Kučerík, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
The aim of this work was to use thermal analysis and namely temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) to reveal the changes in humic acids (HA) structure caused by regular wetting of HA by water and its repeated drying. The total number of rewetting cycles was five because further rewetting did not bring any other observable structural changes. Experiments carried out in this work have shown that water plays a role not only in swelling of the HA matrix and disruption of van der Waals forces but it also plays a role in disrupting of some hydrogen bonds, thus it had greater effect on reduction of the glass transition temperature, Tg. The changes in the glass transition temperatures were only of minor scale, so that water influenced predominantly the close proximity of amorphous domains (responsible for glass transition) than the domains themselves. The next task was to shed light on the role of free lipids in the stability of HA physical structure with respect to the repeated wetting and drying. Water periodically stabilized and destabilized HA structure, in the lipid free HA sample the effect of water was short-term, water required less time to cause changes in the sample, whereas in the HA sample the changes induced by water were continuous. The rewetting induced a decrease in the phase transition temperatures in every following cycle in comparison with the previous one and influenced especially kinetic processes, namely crystallization/crystalline reorganization. Furthermore, the rewetting caused redistribution and washing out of the hydrophilic molecules and thus making the HA structure more hydrophobic with every other cycle.
|
|
|
Možnosti regulace vývinu hydratačního tepla v betonu pomocí plastifikační přísady
Hermann, Radek ; Halas, Vladimír (oponent) ; Sedlmajer, Martin (vedoucí práce)
Tato práce se zabývá problematikou plastifikačních a superplastifikačních přísad a jejich vlivem na hydratační proces cementových past. Proces hydratace je v této práci zkoumán jak z pohledu vývinu hydratačního tepla, tak i z pohledu průběhu hydratačních teplot. Dále je věnována pozornost vlivu plastifikačních přísad a jejich kombinacím s přísadou zpomalující tuhnutí a tvrdnutí na reologické vlastnosti čerstvých modifikovaných cementových past a na mechanické vlastnosti těchto past po 3 a 7 dnech zrání.
|
host ::
RSS.