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The in vitro effects of selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta
Novýsedláková, Alena ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Alena Novýsedláková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, PhD. Title of Thesis: In vitro effects od selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the selected isoflavonoids are able to vasodilate aorta, what structural features might be responsible for a relaxing activity and estimate the mechanism of action. The experiment we carried out the classical in vitro method on the isolated rat aorta, and the results evaluated by the computer program GraphPad. Only glycitin did not show statistically significant relaxation of blood vessels, which can be attributed to ineffective glycosidic form. Other izoflavonoids- glycitein, daidzein and tectorigenin seem to be promising in terms of potential vasodilatation. Further studies would be needed to verify also the in vivo effects. Likely structural features include the hydroxy group at 7-position and a methoxy group at position 8 of the core od isoflavonoids. The mechanism of action is not yet known, but most likely appears endothelium-dependent mechanisms, alpha 1 receptor antagonism and agonism of muscarinic M3 receptor. It may be also involved in the effect of the antioxidant and...
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Potent anti-spasticity and anti-nociceptive effect of subpial GAD65 and VGAT gene delivery in rat and mice
Maršala, M. ; Tadokoro, T. ; Hernandez, M. B. ; Navarro, M. ; Maršala, S. ; Miyanohara, A. ; Juhás, Štefan ; Juhásová, Jana ; Platoshyn, O.
In previous studies we have developed a novel spinal subpial (SP) AAV delivery technique in adult mice, rats and minipigs. Using this technique we have demonstrated potent and wide-spread transgene (GFP) expression in spinal white and gray matter after a single SP bolus of AAV9-UBI-GFP.
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The in vitro effects of selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta
Novýsedláková, Alena ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Alena Novýsedláková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, PhD. Title of Thesis: In vitro effects od selected isoflavonoids on isolated rat aorta Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the selected isoflavonoids are able to vasodilate aorta, what structural features might be responsible for a relaxing activity and estimate the mechanism of action. The experiment we carried out the classical in vitro method on the isolated rat aorta, and the results evaluated by the computer program GraphPad. Only glycitin did not show statistically significant relaxation of blood vessels, which can be attributed to ineffective glycosidic form. Other izoflavonoids- glycitein, daidzein and tectorigenin seem to be promising in terms of potential vasodilatation. Further studies would be needed to verify also the in vivo effects. Likely structural features include the hydroxy group at 7-position and a methoxy group at position 8 of the core od isoflavonoids. The mechanism of action is not yet known, but most likely appears endothelium-dependent mechanisms, alpha 1 receptor antagonism and agonism of muscarinic M3 receptor. It may be also involved in the effect of the antioxidant and...
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Behavioral testing of animals after experimental spinal cord injury.
Freislebenová, Hana ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Kriška, Ján (referee)
Spinal cord injury is one of the most serious injury that leads to a decrease in the quality of life both physically and mentally. Although there is currently no effective treatment, great efforts are being made to develop new treatments. The effectiveness of experimental treatment is verified by behavioral tests performed on animal models, where rats are the most suitable ones for this type of injury. Behavioral tests are divided into several groups depending on what the testing is focused on. Locomotor tests examine the function of a locomotive apparatus, motor tests are used to determine the function of skeletal muscles not primarily involved in locomotion, sensory and motor tests test the functionality of sensory and motor apparatus and their interconnection, sensory tests are designed to test responses to sensory stimuli. Electrophysiological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging are part of a series of special tests that use artificially induced electrical stimuli to measure muscle activity. This thesis is focused on detailed description of selected behavioral tests, their functionality and comparison of their advantages and disadvantages.
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The effect of morphine on neurogenesis and neurodegeneration in rat brain
Rydzyková, Tereza ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Morfin is a clinically used analgesic drug but also an abusive drug. It has an impact on a wide range of CNS regions (nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmentum, hippocampus, etc.) and affects their functions, e.g. cognitive functions or anxiety. Although the results of so far published studies are often contradictory, the effects on cell death and proliferation in the CNS have been demonstrated. In this work, we focused on how chronic administration of morphine and subsequent withdrawal of this drug affects neurogenesis and neurodegeneration in the rat brain and how it affects some markers involved in the addiction and post-drug-induced condition. We have succeeded in introducing immunohistochemical markers for monitoring neurogenesis (bromodeoxyuridine and doublecortin) and neurodegeneration (Fluoro-Jade C) and for detection of selected neuromodulatory peptides (cholecystokinin and neuropeptide Y). We have found that morphine may influence the process of neurogenesis and neurodegeneration, but its effects differ in different CNS structures (nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and amygdala). Key words: Morphine, brain, rat, withdrawal syndrom, neurogenesis, neurodegeneration
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Development of callosal interhemispheric connection in laboratory rat
Matternová, Lucie ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Žiak, Jakub (referee)
Corpus callosum is the main commissure linking cortex of the right and left brain hemisphere. For the first time, the callosal axons are observed during E18, when they cross the midline. In PND 5, most axons reach the contralateral cortex, and at the end of the second postnatal week, the callosal projection neurons and axon terminals are located similarly to the adult animal. The interhemispheric response was first observed in the rat in PND 4 but myelination in PND 12, suggesting that the transcallosal response is not dependent on myelinization of callosal fibers. As the rat age increases, the wave duration of the TCR, latency peak and threshold decreases. As opposed to that, amplitude of the positive and negative wave increases with age. TCR may be affected by acute drug application or chronic exposure to various effects, such as hormones.
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The effect of cold exposure on beta-adrenegic signaling in the rat myocardium
Podojilová, Anna ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Ujčíková, Hana (referee)
and keywords The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect on rat myocardial β-adrenergic system of short-term (10 hours and 3 days) and long-term (5 weeks) cold exposure of rats with possible subsequent two-week recovery at normal temperature. The subtypes of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR), their cognate G-proteins and adenylate cyclase have been characterized. β-AR are important components of cardiac regulatory mechanisms. They are involved in stimulating G-protein (Gs) and adenylate cyclase to increase cardiac contractility and frequency during stressful situations, including cold exposure. Heart tissue contains all three β-AR subtypes (β1-AR, β2-AR, β3-AR). While β1-AR couples with only Gs, β2-AR and β3-AR interact with the inhibitory G-protein (Gi). Electrophoresis and Western blotting showed a significant increase in β1-AR after a three-day exposure to cold. There was also a significant increase in β3-AR concentrations after a five-week cold exposure and this increase lasted for two weeks. There were no significant changes in the amnounts of β-AR cognate G-proteins (Gαs, Gβ, Gαi1/2 a Gαi3). In contrast, expression of adenylyl cyclase isoform V and VI significantly decreased during short-term exposure to cold. Using the saturation experiment with the β-antagonist [3H]CGP 12177, β-AR were...
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Mnemonic and behavioural effects of biperiden, an M1-selective antagonist, in the rat
Popelíková, Anna ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Due to the persisting lack of reliable animal models of cognitive impairment with good translational validity, researches strive to discover new ways and tools to replicate symptoms of human neurodegenerative diseases in rodents. Recently, biperiden, an M1- selective muscarinic antagonist, has been proposed as a potential tool for generating fast screening models of mnemonic deficits such as seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Being highly selective for the M1 receptor, a predominant type of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain involved in cognitive processes, it has been speculated to possibly only influence cognition without causing sensorimotor side effects. Studies assessing the usability of this drug reported conflicting results. We have decided to expand the experimental data and evaluate biperiden's validity in several variants of the Morris water maze. The results of this study showed no significant effect of biperiden on cognitive flexibility, tested by reversal learning. In delayed-matching-to-position paradigm, which tests assesses working memory, we found a difference in performance between the two experimental groups; however, it cannot be unequivocally attributed to a memory impairment. No effects were observed in visible platform task, confirming a lack of...
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Vliv klomipraminu a risperidonu na učení a flexibilitu u animálního modelu obsedantně kompulzivní poruchy
Radostová, Dominika ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Kopřivová, Jana (referee)
Chronic sensitization of dopamine D2/D3 receptors by agonist quinpirole (QNP) induces compulsive checking behaviour in rats, which is considered an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous study revealed deficit in cognitive flexibility in QNP sensitized rats. This thesis focused on determining if this cognitive flexibility deficit is ameliorated by co-administration of clomipramine (CMI), risperidone (RIS) or combination of both (CMI+RIS) to QNP treatment. Aversively motivated active place avoidance task on a Carousel maze with reversal was used. The number of entrances into a to-be-avoided shock sector was evaluated as measure of performance. Six treatment groups were used: control group, QNP group, CMI group, QNP/CMI combination, QNP/RIS combination and QNP/CMI/RIS combination. Surprisingly, when compared alone, significantly worse acquisition was observed for QNP group compared to control group. However, similarly to previous study, QNP group had a worse performance in a first reversal session compared to control group. When all groups were compared, only QNP/CMI group had worse initial learning compared to control group. In reversal learning, only QNP treated group had a significantly more entrances than control group in first reversal session. Results suggest that co-treatment...
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Mitochondrial respiration at cold acclimated rats. Comparison of tissues.
Flégrová, Eliška ; Žurmanová, Jitka (advisor) ; Nováková, Olga (referee)
Acclimation to cold or hardening is known for many decades through its beneficial effects on human health. In contrast, sudden exposure to cold, cold shock, is a great risk of cerebral and cardiac injury, especially in the elderly. There is very little published data on the cellular and molecular mechanisms induced by cold adaptation in heart and brain. The aim of this work was to describe and compare different properties heart, liver, brain and brown adipose tissue mitochondria of rats housed at 25 ± 1 řC and at mild cold (9 ± 1 řC, 5 weeks). The high-resolution oxygraphy, spectrophotometry and Western blotting analyses were used. We found differences in the respiratory control between the heart and liver. Cold acclimation decreased activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes. Fatty acid contribution to the respiration reached the maximum in brown fat and the minimum in the hippocampus. However, further study is necessary.
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