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Causes of income inequality in the European Union
Sýkorová, Barbora ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
The thesis focuses on income inequality. It examines the occurrence of income inequality in the European Union and analyzes its causes through fixed effect method and three robustness tests among 23 countries between years 2005 -- 2013. The causes are divided into social demographic factors, labor market factors and factors of the globalization. The thesis confirms the influence of tertiary education on income distribution which is negatively correlated with Gini coefficient. The number of people aged 65 and older, together with the number of single households within the entire population, correlates positively with the income inequality level. Furthermore, the following factors turned out to be significant: the occurrence of part-time job contracts and labor taxation. The amount of temporary employees causes income inequality to decrease which is in contrast with the theoretical premise.
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An analysis of the determinants of alcohol consumption in selected OECD countries
Bárta, Ondřej ; Chytil, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes impact of selected factors on alcohol consumption among 30 OECD countries. I estimate four econometric models based on data from the period 2000 -- 2010. Main determinants of dependent variable are price, GDP per capita, GDP growth, unemployment rate, long-term unemployment rate, number of hours spent working and share of social expenditures on GDP. I also take the financial crisis under consideration. Two stated hypotheses are: 1. Alcohol consumption is positively correlated with GDP per capita, 2. Alcohol consumption is positively correlated with unemployment rate. Hypothesis no. 1 is confirmed. Hypothesis no. 2 is disproved, therefor alcohol consumption is negatively correlated with unemyployment rate. On the contrary alcohol consumption is positively correlated with long-term uneymployment rate. Other significant factors are share of social expenditures on GDP and lagged alcohol consumption.
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Political Business Cycle in Czech municipalities in period 2000 - 2013
Gec, Jaromír ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with Political Business (budget) Cycle in Czech municipalities. It tries to determine whether elections induce changes in the size and the structure of municipal budget expenditures and whether these changes increase chances of incumbent politicians' reelection. Using a dynamic panel, a fixed effects model and a linear probability model together with the dataset composed of 193 (or 187) municipalities 'of extended scope' in the period 2000 -- 2013 it was found that the biggest increase in capital expenditures takes place in pre-election years while after elections those expenditures decline. Such expansion does not seem to have a meaningful effect on chances of reelection though. Conversely budget deficits fall in pre-election years and grow in election years. Ideology has not been proved to have a significant impact neither on the size of expenditures nor on the magnitude of cyclical changes.
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Analysis of the determinants of amount of services ordered by clients of non-profit organization called Oblastní charita Strakonice
Turková, Kateřina ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses the impact of selected factors on the amount of food delivery services ordered by 81 clients of non-profit organization called Oblastní charita Strakonice during the period from 1. 11. 2013 to 30. 10. 2014. Based on analysis by random effect method, the thesis confirms correlation of monthly number of ordered services with two explanatory variables: number of household members and grade of care subsidy. The analysis implies that increase of number of household members by one member leads to decrease of monthly number of ordered services by 2-3 tasks. On the other hand, increase of grade of care subsidy by one grade leads to increase of monthly number of ordered services by approximately two tasks. Other factors included to the models are not correlated with explained variable at level below alpha = 0, 1. Findings mentioned above are consistent with information said in the theoretical part of my thesis.
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Znamená více volného obchodu větší stát?
Blaščík, Adam ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
My thesis examines a paradoxical relationship between the openness of a country to the international trade and the size of its government. My hypothesis is that the openness causes growth of the government sector. Panel of five middle European countries is used for empirical verification of the hypothesis. I use the sum of import and export over GDP as a suitable proxy for openness of a country and total government revenue over GDP as a proxy for scope of a government. Using the random effects estimator, I found the negative effect of openness on the government size, but I failed to find this effect significant or robust. Hence, I discuss alternative explanations.
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The Impact of Information and Telecommunication Technologies on Growth in Czech republic
Vávra, Stanislav ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Tříska, Dušan (referee)
Information and telecommunication technologies are always joint with economic growth in modern economies, because they participate on reduction of transaction costs and increase production factors productivity and competitiveness. Benefits from ICT had been obvious untill 2001, but right after the investmens and expenditure in ICT started to decrease rapidly. There are studies capturing this drop in developed economies, whereas there are not many works considering the situation in center and eastern Europe. This master thesis brings an analysis of impact of ICT capital and production factors productivity on gross value added by growth accounting methodology in Czech Republic between 1996-2007. It also provides econometric testing of the impact of investments in ICT equipment and software on gross value added in Czech Republic between 1993-2013 by fixed effects model. The output of the master thesis demonstrates the empirical evidence of significant negative impact year-by-year change investment in ICT equipment and software on a change of growth pace of gross value added.
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Východní a západní Německo po sjednocení: Analýza mzdových rodílů
Groero, Jaroslav ; Pertold, Filip (advisor) ; Nikolovová, Pavla (referee)
Under socialism workers had their wages set by the central planners.. In my thesis I use panel data from SHARLIFE questionnaire in order to analyze how returns to East German human capital variables changed after the reunification in 1990.I also compare these returns to West German returns to human capital variables. Before 1990 the returns to experience and education were lower in East Germany than in West Germany. After the reunification East German returns to experience obtained before 1990 and to education decreased. I find a significant decrease of returns to high educated workers who spent in the East German educational system 15 and more years. East German returns to both human capital variables are smaller than West German ones before the reunification and the difference is more pronounced after the reunification.
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Gravity Model of International Trade in Alcoholic Beverages in Selected EU Countries
Pecka, Marek ; Arltová, Markéta (advisor) ; Bubáková, Petra (referee)
Panel data analysis is the modern approach of statistical and econometric modeling. The aim of the thesis is to estimate the gravity model of international trade in alcoholic beverages in the form of bilateral trade flow depending on the gross domestic product and other associated variables that facilitate trading. The data have a panel structure. Based on the results of panel unit root tests the stationarity of variables in the panel and the expected long-term relationship between the analyzed variables are tested. Gravity model is assuming the existence of long-term relationships built through various methods, such as pooling OLS estimate, fixed and random effects models, cointegrated regression DOLS and FMOLS. Cointegration relationship is verified by Pedroni panel test.
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An analysis of the determinants of suicide rates in OECD countries
Hainz, Filip ; Kovanda, Lukáš (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes the impact of selected socioeconomic factors on suicide rates among 32 OECD countries between years 2005-2010. Based on analysis by fixed and random effects method, the thesis confirms 2 stated hypothesis, which are: 1. Suicide rate is negatively correlated with GDP per capita, 2. Suicide rate is positively correlated with unemployment. Analysis implies that increase of GDP per capita leads to decrease in suicide rate by approximately 0,3 %. To the contrary, increase of unemployment by 1 percentage point leads to increase in suicide rate by about 1 %. Other identified significant factors are: alcohol consumption per capita and average hours worked in employment which positively, respectively negatively correlate with suicide rate. Findings mentioned above are consistent with sociological hypothesis stated by Henry and Short and economical hypothesis stated by Hamermesh and Soss.
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Unemployment and crime
Krempaský, Michal ; Koblovský, Petr (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This thesis analyzes a relationship between unemployment and crime. I test a hypothesis whether unemployment affects crime indirectly through an immediate negative opportunity effect and delayed positive motivation effect. The influence of unemployment is analyzed in respect of 11 categories of crime. The analysis was performed using fixed effects on quarterly panel data for 14 regions of the Czech Republic from the last quarter of 2005 to the last quarter of 2012. The negative opportunity effect and positive motivation effect proved to be statistically significant in the model of property crimes and total crime. However, size of both effects is very small.
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