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Criminal defences in Czech and Irish criminal law
Kubíčková, Tereza ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
Criminal defences in Czech and Irish criminal law This thesis deals with the analysis of individual elements of criminal defences under the Czech and Irish criminal legal statutes with respect to the conclusions, which are therefrom drawn in theory and practice. The aim of this thesis is to render an overview concerning the distinctions and similarities in understanding, importance and operating of the defences in different law systems, rather than to present an exhaustive commentary on all legal institutes which exclude illegality and as such come into mind. Regarding the fact that Czech and Irish systems of law are subsumed under different legal systems, particular institutes of criminal defences cannot be based on the same rules, principles and theoretical grounds. It shall be noted, that while Czech criminal law is mainly to be found in a single piece of legislation known as the Criminal Law Act, Irish criminal law on the other hand not only has a separate statutory legislation, but also mainly depends on common law. The subject has been processed under consideration of the present-day legal regulation, whereas particular legal institutes are structured in compliance with the structure of the Czech Criminal Law Act. The topics of origin and development of defences has intentionally not been...
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Juvenile offenders´motivation for crime
KOTNOVÁ, Andrea
My thesis deals with juvenile offenders´ motivation for crime. In the theoretical part the basic terminology relating to this issued and considered essential for the issue description is introduced. Futhermore, the criminal activity of juveniles is characterized and the current state of the issue is described. The criminogenous factors leading to criminal activity are defined. These are divided into endogenous and exogenous. The final part of the theoretical part deals with motivation for criminal activity. The main goal/topic of my thesis was to illustrate motivation of juvenile offenders for criminal activity. To a thorough understanding and determination of the issue, sub-objectives were set {--} to identify endogenous causes of crime commiting by juvenile offenders, and comparison of individual offenders and evaluation of their readiness to commit crime. The research questions corresponded with the goals stated. The research was conducted by a qualitative method. The respondents were received through a purpose selection by the PMS institution. To obtain the data, the moderated semi-structured interview technique was chosen. The interviews were recorded using a dictaphone to make the most accurate analysis, and then retyped to a verbatim transcript. To analyze the data the anchored theory method was applied. Coding is based on the principles of the theory. I have used open coding. There were ten juvenile crime offenders who took part in this research as respondents. The research has shown the existence of a few problematic areas that provide grounds for criminal activities. As the fundamental areas have proved to be an inadequate family background and inappropriately spent free time in connection with members of a gang. The research outcomes revealed that the main (dominant) motif was fun and entertainment. Secondary (not frequent) motif was financial profit. The research results have also shown that these offenders tend to commit crime under the influence of alcohol and friends. I believe that my work has revealed new evidence surprising for many people. And that is that criminal activity of juveniles has been declining, being rather a marginal phenomenon (juvenile crime makes up only 2% of the total crime rate), and brutality and severity of offences commited by juveniles does not reach such a gravity as it is presented by the media. I would like to recommend the results of the thesis to be used as a basis for a preventive action in the field of juvenile delinquency. Due to the findings, more efficient and effective preventive programs could be set up to eliminate this socio-pathological phenomenon so that a favourable social climate could be established.
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Influence of international organization on conflict in its member state: case of Georgia and Abkhazia
Kočer, Jan ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
This paper examines the role and the influence of international organizations in ensuring international peace and security, in particular in providing solution and alternative to armed conflict. Key international intergovernmental organizations (UN and OSCE) are seen from different points of view (i.e. legal, international security or theory of international relations) as guarantors of international peace and security. The fundamental goal of this paper is to analyse discrepancy between normative and theoretical premises (legality and legitimacy of possible measures in hands of international organizations) on one side and reality on the other. Elementary is the idea of exceptional role of international organizations in promoting and guaranteeing international peace and security underpinned with status of universal international organization vis-a-vis international crime. These theoretical basics are examined in confrontation with importance, activity and role of international organizations in concrete circumstances. A discrepancy between normativity and reality is methodologically tested by analysis of normative grounds of international community in security relations vis-a-vis general limits emerging from reality of inter-social activity in international relations. These limits are concretized in the part of the paper which analyses the settlement procedure after the conflict in Georgia and Abkhazia.
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Mass Media Influence on Foreign Policy
Ivančević, Bosiljka ; Druláková, Radka (advisor) ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (referee)
A main purpose of the thesis is to demonstrate and explain to what extend do media influence foreign policy of a state. Foreign policy is always under internal and external influences and media are considered to be one of those external influences that shape it. Agenda setting theory forms the theoretical frame for this thesis because it takes into consideration not just direct media-government relations but the public as well that inside of this relation serves as some sort of mediator. Besides this theory and the CNN effect as its main 'extension' identifiable victim effect and third person effect as important elements in the process of influence will be introduced as well as influence of visualization. When word 'media' is mentioned in this case it implies to television and newspapers' (both printed and online versions) messages and their influences (not just verbal but the visual ones as well). Examples and case studies in this case focus mostly on the US foreign policy due to its influential role, fact that the US is still the country with the most superlatives inside of international arena and the size, influence and role-model identity of its big media companies (for ex. CNN).
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Resolution of Road Traffic Delicts in Theory and Practice
Žabenský, Martin ; Vopálka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Staša, Josef (referee)
Resolution of Road Traffic Offences in Theory and Practice The aim of my thesis is to analyze current situation in the Czech Republic in the field of road traffic offences resolution. The reason why I have chosen this topic is the fact that road traffic offences are an illegal conduct that you are very likely to come across every day, and, despite this fact, there is not much literature about it. Most road traffic offences are committed by a motor vehicle driver. In the Czech Republic, there are about 6.5 million driving license holders, i.e. almost two thirds of the Czech population. In my thesis I have focused on offences which are specified in section 22 of the Administrative Offences Act (No. 200/1990 Coll.), i.e. offences that are directly related to driver's behaviour on the road and which are very often capable of causing a traffic accident. The thesis is divided into six chapters, starting with a short introduction in Chapter One. Chapter Two introduces the principal sources of road traffic offences law. Chapter Three briefly explains which public authorities are involved in the resolution of road traffic offences. Chapter Four is the most important part of the thesis; in its nine sub-chapters it describes the entire procedure of road traffic offences resolution. First, it points out the...
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The crime of habitual drunkenness under s. 201a of the Criminal Code
Vlásenková, Jana ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
The offence of intoxication - article § 360 of the criminal code Resumé This final thesis deals with the offence of intoxication, possible approaches on to how to punish such offenders whose insanity causes their intoxication. This thesis points out some of the difficulties that could occur while interpreting and applying the law, and is trying to suggest a solution that better corresponds with modern legislation and legal principles. The offence of intoxication - article § 360 of the Criminal Code is actually a special offence based on a construction of the facts of the case, concept of Rauschdelikt. It was restored into our Criminal Code with the amendment of an Act in 1991, which replaced the previous full criminal liability of individuals who caused their insanity voluntarily. The offence of intoxication is an important criminal law theory for its attitude to a "liability for fault" principle, which the criminal offence of intoxication "breaks through" and extends conditions of criminal liability itself. Insanity is generally considered a condition that relieves the perpetrator of criminal liability, but not in the case of the offence of intoxication. From society's point of view it is considered enough to distinguish between the insanity caused by an inborn mental disease and insanity caused by another...
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Exlusion from classroom community
Jarošíková, Anna ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of exclusion from classroom among teenagers. The exclusion is usually accompanied by different kinds of maltreatment that quite often lead to bullying. In the theoretical part of the work the author summarizes different theories explaining the process of exclusion from a group considering age specificities of pubescent pupils that may facilitate such group features. The thesis further looks at a research on bullying in classrooms in great detail. In the practical part the athor investigates answers to the question, why somebody in the class is maltreated and which are the risky factors supporting the exclusion. It was revealed that classmates were most commonly excluded by the use of verbal aggression (name-calling, jeers, nick names etc.), further pupils stated that the victims were "unlike" and "heckling". There were also different risky factors depending mostly on gender and to a lesser degree on age and type of school. The hypothesis that the number of maltreated pupils would grow considerably with the increasing number of classmates, was not verified.
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Help to the victims of stalking
ROHREROVÁ, Jana
The thesis ?Help to the Victims of Stalking? deals with the problem of the dangerous pursuit or stalking. The main goal of my work lies especially in publicizing this kind of stalking and the ways how to solve the situations of the victims of stalking. i divided my work into two main parts. The first chapter of the theoretical part defines stalking as a specific form of relational violence. Another chapter tries to judge the level of stalking on the basis of collected and evaluated data about both offender and victim, and to assess situational factors and the dynamics of stalking. The next chapter focuses on legislation of stalking in the Czech Republic and institutions which offers help to victims and education for public. The last chapter of theory is about assistance to the victims of stalking and interventions. The practical part of the thesis brings the quantitative survey with the use of the method of questionnaire with interrogation. i set the following goals of the research: to realize the level of awareness of stalking in České Budějovice and whether the general public in this town can specify the way how to help the victims of stalking. After evaluation of survey outputs i can say that the first hypothesis was verified, but the second one was not confirmed.
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Attachment theory - iner working models of women who survived domestic violence
Bláhová, Kateřina ; Matoušek, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pazlarová, Hana (referee)
In this diploma thesis I was trying to join the topic of attachment and domestic violence, consequences of the domestic violence and influence on the attachment and inner working models. In the theoretical part I focused on the attachment description, types of attachment to the childhood and adult age. The relations parallel in childhood and adult age are described. In the empiric part, using the research, I decided to confirm or disprove some of the hypothesis, which I determined for evaluation of the domestic violence results and negative childhood experiences of the victim. The research relatively clearly confirmed that the negative experiences with the solicitous people from the childhood have an impact on the partnership in the adult age and children education. This thesis can be a contribution for the specialist working with the victims of domestic violence, and at exer citation of the new approaches to this problem.
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