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Parasites in Lama spp. and in Vicugna vicugna
Záhorková, Veronika ; Langrová, Iva (advisor) ; Nechybová, Stanislava (referee)
Parasites in llama spp. and Vicugna Summary This bachelor thesis is written in the form of a literature review and discusses the most common internal and external parasites in llamas of the genera Lama and Vicugna. The mentioned parasites are taxonomically classified. There is summarized information regarding the occurrence, life cycles and causes of diseases. Described next are the clinical signs and subsequent treatment. Among the internal parasites causing protozoan infections belong Eimeria lamae, Eimeria alpacae, Eimeria punoensis, Eimeria ivitaensis, Eimeria macusaniensis, Eimeria peruviana. Further including Cryptosporidium parvum, Sarcocystis aucheniae and Giardia intestinalis. Of the phylum of flatworms described here are Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Moniezia expansa, Moniezia benedeni a Echinococcus granulosus. The phylum of nematodes is represented by Trichuris tenuis, Trichuris ovis, Capillaria sp., Lamanema chavezi, Nematodirus battus, Nematodirus lamae, Nematodirus spathiger, Nematodirus filicollis, Nematodirus lanceolatus, further including Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus axei, Camelostrongylus mentulatus, Parelaphostrongylus tenuis, Mazamastrongylus peruvianus, Teladorsagia spp., Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia lyrata, Marshallagia marshalli, Oesophagostomum venulosum and Oesophagostomum columbianum. An important group of external parasites consists of representatives of the family of Sarcoptidae and Psoroptidae, mites causing scabies. In llamas and alpacas we can encounter three types of scabies, namely sarcoptes (Sarcoptes scabiei), psoroptes (Psoroptes spp.) and chorioptes (Chorioptes bovis). The most common is chorioptic scabies, whose treatment is more difficult compared to sarkoptic and psoroptic scabies. Other mites in llama spp. and Vicugna are classified as Demodex spp. Among the parasitic insects in llamas belong sucking lice Microthoracius mazzai, Microthoracius minor, Microthoracius praelongiceps and biting lice Bovicola breviceps. For a better understanding of the issues I conducted a coprological examination of faecal samples of llamas and sheep using a concentrated McMaster method in compliance with FAO. Through examination parasites of the genera Eimeria, Nematodirus, Trichuris and the suborder Strongylida were detected. keywords: parasite, llama, alpaca
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Parasitic diseases of Australian parrot species
Rasochová, Karolína ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Husák, Tomáš (referee)
Australian parrot species can host many species of parasites. Parasitic diseases affects both parrots kept in captivity and living wild. This work is compiled as a literary review and provides a summary of most parasites with confirmed presence at the Australian species of parrots. Many parasites species have been detected recently. The presence of new species is confirmed also for parrots kept in Central Europe (coccidia Sarcocystis
calchasi) including the Czech Republic (parasitic protozoa Leucocytozoon spp., roundworm Ascaridia platyceri).
Parasitic infections may be detected trough examining samples from living parrots (feces, blood, tissues) or trough necropsy of died individuals (histopatology). In psittacines, protozal infections have been described (phylum Metamonada and Apicomplexa). Giardiasis, coccidiosis, cryptosporidiosis and blood parasites (Plasmodium spp., Leucocytozoon spp., Haemoproteus spp.) are among the most frequent. Australian parrot species are among the most frequent hosts of nematodes roundworms (Ascaridia spp.) and capillaries (Capillaria spp.). Regarding the strain Fungi, presence of Encephalitozoon hellem which causes microsporidiosis which primarily occurs in humans with acquired immunodeficiency has also been identified in psittacines. This makes it a potentially zoonotic disease. As of the ectoparasites, those most important representatives from the variety of species of parasitic mites and insects are mentioned. The life cycle of the parasites, their pathogenicity, ways of transmission, clinical signs in affected individuals, diagnosis and treatment options have been described.
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Cat parasites
Vošická, Kristýna ; Jankovská, Ivana (advisor) ; Kyriánová, Iveta Angela (referee)
The content of this bachelor thesis describes a different variety of cat parasites. This study discovers that the most infected group of the outdoor cats due to the fact that these animals are not provided with the same care as the household pets. Those cats are usually not vaccinated, not rid of worms, no one takes care of their fur and so they tend to become a host for the parasites. There are several kinds of parasites which attack cats. Among those belong the skin parasites like a cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) or follicle (Demodex). The most common endoparasite that lives in the internal organs or tissues of cats is coccidia (Toxoplasma gondii). The secondary host of this parasite can be any warm-blooded vertebrates including a human host. The common host is a mouse which usually loses its shyness after infestation. This enables the parasite to move to the primary host which is a cat. Other parasites of cats are coccidia (Cystoisospora felis), megrims (Trematoda), nematodes (Nematoda) and dog tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum). The interesting thing is that a cat flea can be a carrier of a dog tapeworm.
The most common way of identification of a parasite is a coprological examination (examining the feces). This examination is utilized due to its fast results, however they are not 100 percent correct all the time. There have to be a multiple sample taken during a several days period, however still the parasite doesn´t have to be detected. The more accurate identification is the PCR method which is not only exact, but a costly way. In general, the best prevention begins with good sanitation procedures. This includes daily removal of feces from inside and outside of household as well. The important action is to get rid of worms on regular basis and to use a different method, since the parasite can become immune to a specific method. Other applicable precaution is to ensure the vaccination of a kitten which is repeated every year of cat´s life.
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Microscopic methods designed to morphological proof of selected parasite species
Puldová, Nikola ; Lukešová, Daniela (advisor) ; Alica, Alica (referee)
Parasites are a global health problem, and not only in developing countries. Therefore, it is important to ensure early prevention and correct diagnosis of parasitic diseases due to the rising incidence of imported diseases. This bachelor thesis was conducted as a literature review and dealt with microscopic methods which are mostly used in parasitological practice. On the basis of available resources, theoretical part is divided into two parts. The first dealt with the history, principles and preparation of samples for microscopy, the second was focused on the morphology of the seven selected parasitic species from three major groups of parasitology- protozoa, helmints and arthropods. Due to the large scale of parasites, there were chosen most important representatives affecting humans and with the imag on global health with possible zoonotic potential. In the experimental part were created photographs of selected species, using Bresser brand light microscope for it´s practical demonstration. Own part of the work dealt with the evaluation of photographs taken by light microscope and it´s comparison with electron microscopy in terms of demand and their use in practice.
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Infekční a parazitární onemocnění psů
Musiolková, Miriam
This bachelor thesis deals with the significant infectious and parasitic diseases of dogs. Infectious diseases are divided according to the originators into viral, bacterial and fungal. Parasitic diseases are classified as ectoparasites and endoparasites. Many of them presents risk not only for the dog, but also for his breeder. These are zoonotic diseases transferable to man. There are described etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features and diagnosis for each disease. The part of the work includes the possibilities of therapy and preventive measures. The prevention of infectious diseases lies mainly in the regular vaccination of the dog. The antiparasitic products in various application forms are used against parasites.
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The use of homeopathy in horse breeding
BAŠTÝŘOVÁ BRUTOVSKÁ, Anna
The main aim of the diploma thesis is to compare the effectivity of homeopathy and classic chemical way of deworming of horses. In total 18 horses were included in the observation, who were all stabled on one farm. The observation took place during one pasture season. The first faecal examination was carried out for the purpose of qualitative analysis of occurrence of parasites in horses' digestive tract. Subsequently, each faecal examination was realized as a quantitative analysis using the modified McMaster technique. Faecal analysis was carried out always before and after the use of both dewormers (homeopathic and allopathic). The horses treated with homeopathic dewormer were tested more frequently. Faecal sample diagnostics showed contamination by only two types of parasites, small and large strongyles. Coprology analysis proved excellent effectivity of allopathic dewormers and zero resistance to the active substance. The homeopathic dewormer managed to keep some horses at low level infection, where EPG was below 200 (eggs per gram). The effectivity of both dewormers was realized in three cases. Faecal analysis after anthelmintic treatment was chosen in the first case. In the second case the difference between the two dewormers was analyzed after a given period of time following the application. In the third case the overall differences between both dewormers were assessed. It can be stated that the homeopathic dewormer PVB etat vermieux can be successfully used as supplementary and prophylactic treatment of horses during the year. At the same time it is important to give attention to regular faecal analysis and eventual use of allopathic dewormers after the testing. The use of homeopathy, however, is advantageous from both the ecological and health point of view.
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Parazitofauna srnce obecného (Capreolus capreolus, L.) v regionu Náchod
Řezníček, Pavel
This bachelor's work deals with monitoring of parasitological situation of roe deer population in region of Náchod, exactly in hunting ground of hunter's association of Velká Jesenice. The aim of work is mainly on nematodosis of digestive system and respirátory system. This work include description of roe deer and characterization of ectoparasites and endoparasites of cloven-hoofed wild animals. Major part comprise description of parasites of roe deer. Practical part of work contain detailed description of region and characterization of methods used to examinate samples. Results are analysed in detail and measures and recommendation for roe deer breeds in region are suggested.
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Edifikátory a změny ve struktuře břehových porostů podvazu Alnenion Glutinoso-Incanae Oberd. s dominantní olší v podmínkách katastrofických záplav a biologické invaze
Výzkumný ústav Silva Taroucy pro krajinu a okrasné zahradnictví, v.v.i., Průhonice ; Gabrielová, Šárka ; Mrázková, Marcela ; Holub, Vladimír ; Strnadová, Veronika ; Černý, Karel
Zpráva obsahuje výsledky plnění těchto dílčích úkolů projektu: DÚ 1. Určení recentního rozsahu chřadnutí břehových porostů (blízkých společenstvu Alnenion glutinoso-incanae) s dominantní olší v ČR s důrazem na povodí Vltavy - je uveden seznam lokalit s prokázaným fytoflorovým chřadnutím olší. DÚ 2. Zaznamenání dlouhodobých změn struktury E3 patra v porostech vystavených různým stresorům a jejich kombinacím (povodně - P. alni – kombinace faktorů) - proběhl výzkum faktorů potenciálně odpovědných za rozsah chřadnutí porostů na toku Mastník. DÚ 4. Vývoj struktury bylinného patra a abundance jednotlivých druhů v důsledku poškození a odumírání edifikátorů společenstva - je uveden přehled zdravotního stavu stromů na sledovaných plochách a fytocenologická analýza porostu. DÚ 5. Identifikace zdrojů infekce P. alni v krajině a hlavního způsobu zavlékání, studium způsobu přežívání P. alni v ekosystému, identifikace teplotních optim - je diskutován způsob šíření infekce v prostoru České Sibiře. DÚ 6. Identifikace infradruhové struktury invazního organismu a rizika v jednotlivých oblastech jeho výskytu - práce na sběru izolátů P. alni, určení souboru znaků, které budou na izolátech sledovány a pokračování v molekulární analýze izolátů. Jsou uvedeny citace článků, které se vztahují k projektu.
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