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Stimulant drugs and their physiological effects
Nováková, Pavlína ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
The category of stimulant drugs is a heterogenous group of substances which benefit-to-harm ratio varies widely. This work attempts to use a systemic approach in order to characterize the underlying basis of the physiological effects of their selected representatives in brain. A brief pharmacological description of caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine is followed by an identification of main molecular targets of these drugs in the context of respective neurotransmitter systems. Major attention is given to both acute and chronic molecular mechnisms of action of the selected stimulant drugs up to the level of selected relevant neural circuits. In the next section stimulant drugs are presented as Trojan horses that attack the motivational system of the brain. Initially, a theoretical analysis of reward together with a neuroanatomical dissection of reward-related circuitry serves as a basis for the formulation of contemporary theories of drug addiction. Finally, an effort is made to synthesize common molecular events with specific aspects of reward in order to draw a picture of the neurobiological view of addiction.
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Role of reward and punishment in the upbringing and education of pre-school child with special educational needs
TUČKOVÁ, Olga
This Bachelor´s thesis deals with the problematics of rewards and punishments in educational process in nursery schools for children with special educational needs. The theoretical part focuses on rasining children, various ways of raising, on education, teaching, personal qualities of teachers and their competences. The following two chapters deal with the rewards, punishments and the risks associated with them. The next chapter concentrates on preschool children´s development and preschool education as well as the characteristics of nursery schools. Last chapter focuses on children with special educational needs, special needs education and special education consulting. The practical part deals especially with the research results which were gained through the qualitative research, an in-depth interview consisting of eight questions. The questions were answered by six respondents, the pedagogical workers in nursery schools for children with special educational needs in České Budějovice. The aim of this Bachelor´s thesis is to find out which rewards and punishments are used in the educational process in nursery schools for children with special educational needs, what are their effects, how often they are used and the reasons why they are used. The research shows that almost the only and the most used reward is a praise and the most used punishments are mainly an oral rebuke or the restriction of some activities for a certain period of time until the child realizes their bad behaviour. Children are pleased and are positively motivated when they are praised but soon they forget about it. Rebukes are also not effective from the same reason. However, these are common educational ways used by everybody pedagogical worker all the time. Application of other educational ways of rewards and punishments are very limited in nursery schools and another problem might also be the way of raising the child in the family itself. The children are mostly used to a completely different approach to their behaviour in their family than in the nursery school. The pedagogical workers use the mentioned rewards and punishments in the nursery school daily and most of the teachers regard them as essential. This Bachelor´s thesis might be benefitial for the pedagogical workers who raise and educate children in the nursery schools for children with special educational needs and for students who deal with these issues.
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Rewards and punishments in preschool education
DEUTSCHOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor work deals with the issue of punishments and rewards in nursery schools. A reader familiarizes with the history of punishments, with the separation of punishments and the reasons why we are resorting to using them. Further, in the theoretical part's of this bachelor work, we can read, how is possible the rewards and punishments substitute, which alternative of rewards and punishments are available to us, to prevent negative impacts on a child. Practical part comprises the questionnaire survey of pedagogues in nursery schools and their experience with rewards and punishments in their practice. Further, the practical part directs on the feelings of children with rewards in nursery schools.
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The Problems Of Effective Communication
TESKOVÁ, Dana
This bachelor´s thesis deals with effective communication between teachers, parents and children. The thesis focuses above all on such effective communication that creates respect and partnership in the mutual relationships. In the theory section of the thesis I introduce the notion of effective communication through ideas and research of Czech and American psychologists. The practical section presents the results of the questionnaire survey among the students of the combined study of Preschool Teaching at the Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The main objective of the survey was practising the effective communication in families and kindergartens.
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The Suggestion of Changes in Employee’s Remuneration in the Selected Company
Melicharová, Monika ; Matějková, Kamila (referee) ; Martinovičová, Dana (advisor)
This thesis “The proposal of change the combination compensation for employees of selected company” analysis issues related with combination compensation in the company Alfa a. s. and suggestion for improvement. Firstly, the theoretical part focuses on the explanation of remuneration expressions. Secondly, in the practical part there is a characterization of personal politics and combination compensation of company Alfa a. s. The proper research deals with questionnaire survey and its evaluation. At the end, there are some improvements suggested, for the current combination compensation improvement.
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