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Analysis of Phenobarbital in Blood of SPME Method Coupled off-line with HPLC
Blažková, Petra ; Sochor, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mokrý, Milan (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Candidate: Mgr. Petra Blažková Consultant: Doc. RNDr. Jaroslav Sochor, Csc. ANALYSIS OF PHENOBARBITAL IN BLOOD OF SPME METHOD COUPLED OFF-LINE WITH HPLC The purpose of the work presented in this thesis was an analytical evaluation of active ingredients using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The core of the work was an evaluation of phenobarbital level in biological material using Solid Phase Microextraction method in off-line conjunction with HPLC. The wavelength used for detection was 218 nm. C18 HPLC column was used to perform the analysis. Mobile phase was a mixture of 50 parts of methanol and 50 parts of water. The flow rate was set to 0,6 ml/min. Sample amount was 20 µl. A mixture of 80 parts of methanol and 20 parts of a buffer was used as a solvent to dissolve phenobarbital. PDMS/DVB fibre was used to extract the drug from a blood sample by SPME. Sorption and desorption time was 20 minutes. The drug was desorbed into methanol. A calibration curve was created for the quantitative analysis of phenobarbital in rabbit blood. The conditions under which the experiment was undertaken were validated.
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Analytical determination of active compounds by liquid chromatography III.
Doskočilová, Marie ; Sochor, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mokrý, Milan (referee)
ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY III. Diploma Thesis Marie Doskočilová Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové In this thesis, the development of suitable conditions for analytical sample oxazepam in rabbit blood by high-performance liquid chromatography. For treatment of biological material used solid phase microextraction. Analysis carried out on a C18 column. Mobile phase consisted of methanol and water mixture in the ratio 80:20. UV detector was used in the wavelength of 230 nm. Quantitative evaluation was carried out by internal standard, which was diazepam. Oxazepam was isolated from biological material using SPME. For extraction was used the fiber PDMS / DVB, the desorption medium was methanol. Sorption and desorption time lasted 13 minutes. Extraction efficiency was 5, 9%. For quantitative evaluation of calibration curve was prepared, which were subsequently verified by model samples.
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Influence of surface electrodes on the ozone generation in the dielectric barrier discharge.
Mierna, Jana ; Dzik, Petr (referee) ; Mazánková, Věra (advisor)
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on the study of influence of adsorbed gases on the electrode surface on ozone generation in dielectric barrier discharge. The theoretical part describes some basic properties and applications of ozone, methods of its generation, determination and interaction with the solid surfaces. In the experimental part was studied formation of ozone by the recombination of molecules and atoms of oxygen on the wall of electrodes and also its destruction caused by the reaction with particles present in closed ozoniser without discharge. Ozone was generated in cylindrical configuration system of electrodes made of staniless steel and alumina ceramics as dielectric material. Several series of experiments were measured by using various operating gases (oxygen; oxygen and argon; oxygen and nitrogen). It was also examined the decrease of generated ozone concentration in long-term operation by using pure oxygen of 99,999 90 % as a feeding gas. The resulting ozone concentration for given reaction time of individual measurements was determined by the method of absorption spectrometry.
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Processing and properties of novel magnetoelectric and multiferroic ceramic materials
Osička, Luděk ; Pouchlý, Václav (referee) ; Maca, Karel (advisor)
A literature review on the topic of ferroic and multiferroic solid solutions of BaTiO3, SrTiO3 and EuTiO3 forms the first part of this master thesis. The second part describes the experimental preparation and evaluation of the properties of samples of europium strontium titanates - EuxSr1-xTiO3. First, the high temperature solid state synthesis was carried out and relative density and open porosity of the sintered samples were evaluated. The sintered samples showed open porosity higher than 10%. The reasons for this behavior were evaluated and described from the point of view of experimental conditions and thermodynamical calculations. Finally, electric and dielectric properties of selected samples were measured. These results show that these samples are insulators and their residual conductivity is caused probably by oxygen vacancies, arising from the synthesis in a strongly reducing atmosphere of pure hydrogen.
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Stability, extraction and metabolism of doxorubicin
Osecká, Jana ; Skálová, Lenka (advisor) ; Szotáková, Barbora (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Titul, Name, Surname of candidate: Bc. Jana Osecká Titul, Name, Surname of tutor: Doc. RNDr. Lenka Skálová, Ph.D. Title of a diploma work: Stability, extraction and metabolism of doxorubicin Anthracyclines antibiotics belong among the most effective cytostaticum and the most often used chemotherapeutic drugs. The main representative of this line is doxorubicin (DOX). Wide spectrum of solid tumors and human hematology malignancies react on the therapy of DOX. DOX is the most effective in breast carcinoma therapy. The main unwanted effect of DOX is cardiotoxicity and resistance of medicine. Clinically the most significant effect of DOX is secondary alkohol doxorubicinol (DOXOL), which is not cytostatic effective, but it is more cardiotoxic. In this case inhibition of transformation DOX to DOXOL would lead to reduction of deactivation and cardiotoxicity DOX. The aim of graduation thesis was to contribute to study of metabolism of DOX by testing stability of the water solution DOX and DOXOL during different conditions, optimizing of extraction DOX and DOXOL and testing effect of potential inhibitor of oracin and quercetin to reduction DOX in cytosol from breast tumor cells. It was found out, that DOX...
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Formation of biofilm by probiotic bacteria and its processing to solid drug form.
Grossová, Marie ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Buňka, František (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of present work is cultivation of probiotic bacteria L. acidophilus, B. breve and B. longum in such a way that the culture forms cells clusters or comprehensive biofilm on the variety of free carriers. Biofilm formation of L. acidophilus on the silica from point of view bile and acid tolerance in gastrointestinal tract was studied. While the number of living cells in planktonic form (planktonic form) at pH 1 fell by 30 %, the viability of the biofilm cells was maintained to 90 % under the same environmental conditions. The biofilm culture showed also the protection against environment contained bile. Furthermore, the possibilities of drying procedures of biofilm cultures used as commercial technologies in pharmaceutical industry were studied. The comparison of freeze-drying and fluidization bed drying showed, that freeze-drying is more suitable method, which is able to achieve higher amount of viable cells after drying than fluidization bed drying. The effectivity of freeze-drying method is dependent on the selection of suitable cryprotective medium. In this case, about 90 % higher viability after freeze drying was achieved in comparison with fluidization bed drying. Finally, the industrial processing of probiotic strains into the solid dosage form was studied. Tablets should be produced at hardness between 70 and 90 N and water activity of tablet mixture can be maintained below 0.3. Consequently, the drying step of the tablets in a hermetically closed space with at least 10 % of silica gel must be ensured. Thereafter, the tablets contain (5.4 ± 0.7)109 viable cells after 6 months of drying process. Capsule production technology has no significant effect on the cell‘s viability during production. The triplex blistering foil for primary blistering of probiotic capsules was chosen. The triplex foil, which has low values of water vapour transition rate (0.07 g H2O / (m2 × day) and oxygen transition rate (0.01 cm3/m2 × day), was chosen. Other studied blistering foils commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry are not suitable for long storage of solid dosage forms contained probiotics.
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In vitro evaluation of photodynamic activity of tetrapyridoporphyrazine derivatives for treatment of solid tumours.
Jedličková, Adéla ; Macháček, Miloslav (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Adéla Jedličková Supervisor: Mgr. Miloslav Macháček Title of diploma thesis: In vitro evaluation of photodynamic activity of tetrapyridoporphyrazine derivatives for treatment of solid tumors Nowadays, cancerous diseases belongs among the main causes of death, incidence continues to rise. Therefore research in the area of tumor treatment significantly focuses on the development of new potential anticancer drugs and therapeutical approaches. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) belongs to clinically approved therapeutic methods for the treatment of the malignant and nonmalignant diseases. PDT is composed of three main components - photosensitiser (PS), light and oxygen, all of them are non-toxic on their own. However, their interaction leads to a generation of highly reactive molecules. This method is based on absorption of light with appropriate wavelenght by PS and subsequent energy transfer from photon to surrounding molecules, especially to oxygen. This transfer leads to a generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) of which singlet oxygen plays a main role. ROS subsequently causes a damage of surrounding cell structures, which leads to irreversible damage of cell functions and...
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Mechanical behaviour of variably saturated clay fills
Kostkanová, Vladislava ; Boháč, Jan (advisor) ; Kurka, Jan (referee) ; Vaníček, Ivan (referee)
Mechanical behaviour of variably saturated clay fills VLADISLAVA KOSTKANOVÁ Ph.D. Thesis - English Abstract The excavated overburden from open-cast coal mines is end-dumped in fills. Clay type soil prevails among the filled soils in North-western Bohemia. As a consequence of the character and state of the soil, together with the mining and dumping technology, a typical lumpy structure of the clay fill is formed. The filled lumps range in size and vary in mechanical properties, but stiff to solid lumps up to 0.5 m in size are prevalent. Large and open macrovoids between the single lumps are a characteristic feature of the clay fills. Clay fills exhibit a double porosity structure, consisting of intergranular porosity between the lumps and intragranular porosity inside them. The total porosity of the freshly filled soils can reach 70%. This type of clay fill structure is metastable. This thesis focuses on the problematic behaviour of clay fill soils due to their metastable structure and their partly saturated state. Long-term monitoring of matric suction at depths up to 2 metres in two reclaimed clay fills revealed two different trends. Seasonally-dependent suction oscillations were recorded in the moderate slope of the clay fill in the Bílina mine, while no suction pointing to fully saturated conditions was...
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Spectral properties of basilar membrane in the cochlea of the inner ear
Jozíf, Lukáš ; Dušek, Daniel (referee) ; Mišun, Vojtěch (advisor)
This thesis aims to verify the function of the cochlea as a spectrum analyzer based on computational modeling of macro-mechanics of the cochlea using FEM. I aim to identify the spectrum of the basilar membrane, which is dependent on the variability of geometry, material characteristics and the presence of liquid environments. Interactions between liquid and solid phases is described by fluid-structure interaction in the system ANSYS. The model is linear and does not pursue an active policy of metabolic processes. Further the work focuses on the decomposition of the sound and check of two best known hypotheses about the transmission frequency of the sound to the brain.
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