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Study of influence of 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol on capacitation of mouse sperm in vitro.
Adamusová, Hana ; Bosáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Pacáková, Věra (referee)
Environmental estrogens (natural and synthetic) belong to a group of contaminants called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These compounds interfere with a function of endocrine system. They can bind to natural estrogen receptors or block synthesis of endogenous hormones. 17β-Estradiol (BE2) is a natural endocrine disruptor produced more by women than men. Also a synthetic 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) belongs to EDCs. It is used as a main part of birth control pills. Together with other endocrine disruptors EE2 is probably responsible for feminization of male animals living in effluents of waste water treatment plants. The aim of this thesis was to develop a method for determining free 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol available to capacitating sperm. In order to determine a status of BE2 during mouse sperm capacitation in vitro, a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection was used. A reversed-phase separation mode using a SunFire C18 column with a simple mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water at the ratio 40/60 (v/v) containing 0,1% formic acid in both components was applied. Under the optimized separation conditions, calibration curves for 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethynylestradiol were measured in the concentration range of 1-250...
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Welfare of women during pregnancy and maternity
Hůrková Mrňávková, Helena ; Štangová, Věra (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee)
Welfare of Women during Pregnancy and Maternity This thesis concernes welfare of pregnant women and women on maternity leave as well as other protection forms of families with children. The theme of this thesis was chosen due to importace of family for the whole society and because it is a often discussed topic, which is related to demografic development of society. The thesis constitutes of five chapters. The first chapter concerns historical development of social protection of pregnant women and women on maternity leave in Czech republic. Legal form of social protection of pregnant women and mothers is closely analyzed within the period of socialism. Second chapter focuses on influence of some international organisations on national systems of social protection of pregnant women and women on maternity leave. Third chapter considers theoretical questions of supporting families with children. Fourth chapter is focused on welfare of pregnant women and women on maternity leave itself. Fifth chapter complements the thesis with labour-law protection of pregnant women and of women taking care of small children. Sixth chapter outlines functioning of family policy in selected European states: in Great Britain, Germany, Sweden and in Italy. Conclusion sums up the received knowledge. The thesis describes...
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Decrease in employment of women taking care of children under three years old as a result of parenthood
Bartůsková, Lucia ; Kotýnková, Magdalena (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Šimek, Milan (referee)
The dissertation addresses the issue of the relationship of parenthood, employment and economic inactivity of childcare holders. It focuses on the mother's motivation to work (mothers taking care of children under 3 years of age) in the context of Czech social policy measures. The aim of the thesis is establish proposals for measures that would encourage the motivation of women with children up to 3 years to return to work and simultaneously quantify the impact of these measures on the state budget. This dissertation builds up on the underlying studies (Jahoda, Šinkyříková, 2011; Kalíšková, 2012). These studies deal mainly with examining implemented reforms in the view of their support to women's employment and their effects on household incomes. The decision making of mothers about their involvement in the labour market was analyzed by indicator of Effective cost of return to work. Negative net financial effect of returning to work was found independently of the region and the extent of the examined working time of women, taking care of children up to 2 years. For mothers taking care of children from 2 to 3 years old was this negative net financial effect detected only partly. This result clearly demonstrates that mothers, taking care of children below 3 years of age, entering the labour market are confronted with very high additional costs that would not be covered by their income from employment and other received benefits. Estimated amount of potential wages, which would encourage women to return to work, reach in some cases up to four times the median wage of women in the region. Given these findings, this dissertation proposes several specific social policy measures, which would support the mother's incentives to work return. Economic effects of the proposed measures were quantified, including the cancelation of conditional entitlement to parental benefit, introduction of tax relief for working mothers and 50% relief on employer's mandatory contributions, which employ parents part-time. Implementation of these measures, which would motivate more women to return to work, would bring an estimated net income effect for the state budget amounting to 9.5 billion crowns per year.
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The beginnigs of American feminism
Mergeščíková, Tamara ; Robbins, David Lee (advisor) ; Nováková, Soňa (referee)
in English The objective of this thesis is to trace and depict the beginnings of feminist thought in America. Its aim is to show how feminist thought was developed within the Puritan/Protestant community as well as its effect on the African-Americans who were integrated into the Puritan community as an inferior race through the slave trade. The thesis uses qualitative and quantitative methods of research. A variety of primary and secondary material is used to describe the beliefs of the people in the era, such as the division of the male and female spheres of influence. The views of both men and women are provided to create a more objective description of the era and its beliefs. In addition, the subject is considered from the American point of view as well as the point of view of foreigners, such as the French historian and political thinker Alexis de Tocqueville. Furthermore, feminism is depicted in various realms of the society - in literature, in the theatre, in the political and in the social life. The quantitative methods include statistical data on wages to prove women were not fairly treated in comparison to men, as well as data from the 1860 Census to prove the drastic effects of slavery upon African-American women and the immorality within the white society's marriage institution. The...
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Gender Aspects of Social Work
KUBEŠOVÁ, Kristýna
The thesis, "Gender aspects of social work" deals with the issue of incidence of gender stereotypes and prejudices among social workers both gender in České Budějovice. The goal of this work is to find out if gender stereotypes and prejudices could be found in their mind and in practical approach to clients. Moreover, we would like to identify what create conditions for them and how the individuals try to deal with them. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters which focus on terms gender, gender issues generally as well as in connection with social work and above all on gender stereotypes and the incidence in the area of social work. The basic terms are discussed as gender, gender identity, gender role, gender contract and gender socialization. I am concerned with differences between gender, division of male and female role and created gender stereotypes. In addition, I deal with the theme of gender studies and discrimination in connection with gender marginally. Primarily, the theoretical part is focused on gender stereotypes and prejudices in social work and personality of social workers. The practical part is a description of the qualitative research, where attitudes of representative social workers are investigated in case of gender stereotypes and prejudices. With regard to the objective and qualitative strategy of this theses, two research questions were defined: 1) Is there any awareness in social workers about possible gender stereotypes and prejudices in social work?, 2) Are gender stereotypes and prejudices present in behavior, opinions and attitudes of social workers or as the case may be how they are manifested in approach to clients? Semi-structured interviews with 5 women and 1 man were conducted for the purpose of this study. They were selected by objective sampling intentionally. All of them work in organizations of social work in České Budějovice. The realization of the study took place in May 2014 in České Budějovice. The results were divided into three parts on the basis of semi-structured interviews and then were analyzed by the method of clustering. In the first part of interview, I am concerned with the basic information about social workers in connection with performance of social work. Then I focus on their own gender socialization and their idea what is the optimal distribution of gender role in family. Second part of interview is focused on consciousness of social workers about gender in social work. I took an interest in incidence of stereotyped behavior and creation of attitudes to clients. Moreover, the possibility of preference clients on the grounds of affiliation with gender was explored. The final part of interview, I focus briefly on reflexion of social workers and instruments which are used for reflexion of gender stereotypes and prejudices. The results were analyzed in a qualitative way and transformed to uncluttered charts. Results showed gender stereotypes and biases occur among social workers of male and female gender and their primary attitude to male or female clients is influenced by them. The incidence is mainly affected by transferring patterns of men and women role from their families. Nevertheless, men and female social workers are aware of their incidence and they try to eliminate and reflect them during their work. Because of these mechanisms, the attitude of social workers to male and female clients is getting better. In future, the thesis may serve as a source of information for social workers as well as general public who take an interest in this area.
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Functions of repertoire size in passerines
Kinštová, Anna ; Petrusková, Tereza (advisor) ; Musilová, Zuzana (referee)
5 Abstract Songbirds use visual and vocal signals to communicate. Visual signals have several disadvantages, for example they are more difficult to detect in darkness or poor light. On the contrary vocal signals, the most typical and advanced way of communication in passerines, can be noticeable even in these conditions. Vocalizations can be divided into songs and calls. The two main functions of a song, especially in songbirds living in temperate zone, are to defend a territory and to attract a mate. The songbirds have a considerable variety in songs among particular species. Moreover, the individual of the same species can differ greatly in their repertoire size. This means they have different number of song types or syllables. Currently we assume that repertoires have arisen in response to widespread female preference for mates with larger repertoires. The evolution of repertoire complexity was driven by a sexual selection of females preferences. In this case the repertoire size is considered to be a phenotypic trait which should work as an honest indicator of male quality. Therefore females could obtain direct and indirect benefits. I study the functions of repertoire size in passerines in my bachelor thesis. I focus in particular on possible benefits that females could gain from pairing with males with...
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Work–life balance in the Czech Republic
Kalátová, Michaela ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Sunega, Petr (referee)
The effort to harmonize work self-realization with the care of children brings parents in the Czech Republic number of problems. Gender stereotypes cause that it is mainly women who must cope with the double load. This thesis deals with the most problematic areas such as the lack of alternative employment or small extension of alternative care for childern. The aim is to define the reasons for this and propose possible solutions that makes easier harmonzation of family and work in the Czech Republic.
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Influence of tonsillectomy on voice and 3D mathematical models
Vokřál, J. ; Černý, L. ; Lavička, L. ; Švancara, Pavel ; Horáček, Jaromír
After the phoniatric examination the tape-recording of voice was carried out on 14 patients (6male, 8 female, age from 16 to 39 years) in a studio. The second recording was performed appproximately 1 month after tonsillectomy. Patients phonated five Czech vowels /a:/, /e:/, /i:/, /o:/, /u:/. The acoustic analysis was performed by Multi-Dimensional Voice Program and the position of the first four formants was evaluated. The finite element (FE) models of the acoustic spaces corresponding to the human vocal tract for the Czech vowels /a:/ and /i:/ were used in the mathematical modelling. The acoustic resonant characteristics of the FE models were studied by modal and transient analyses. The acoustic analyses were realised by the software code SYSNOISE.
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Shape sexual dimorphism of the greater sciatic notch on human hip bone.
Nehasilová, Lenka ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Brukner Havelková, Petra (referee)
The aim of this work is sexual dimorphism quantification of greater sciatic notch profile using 2D geometric morphometrics methods. The curvature was digitized by two different methods - manually with contact digitizer MicroScribe G2 and automatically with software Morphome3cs. Results from each method were comparised and advatages and disadvantages of boths methods were discussed. Target sample of 114 adult specimens of known sex was analyzed. This collection comes from Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque and contains 57 male and 57 female hip bones. For the method verification the test smaple contains 112 adult specimens of known sex was used. This collection comes from Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México (UNAM). This collection contains 56 male and 56 female hip bones. The procrustes analysis, principal components analysis, thin plate spine and discriminant function analysis were used for analysis. We could make a detail description of morphologic differences in greater sciatic notch shape of men and women because of shape visualisation and difference of both group was confirmed by discriminant function analysis. Sex assesment achieves accuracy 92,11% - 98,25% in dependence on used methods and number of semilandmarks.
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Evaluation of the face asymmetry of Czech adult population: 3D study
Procházková, Lenka ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Pivoňková, Věra (referee)
Facial asymmetry is an individual characteristic connected to health, physical attraction and beauty. Researches concerning asymmetry is very beneficial for dentofacial surgery (especially for planning and evaluating operations), for forensic science (person identification), bioarcheology (monitoring stress effects on the evolution of bilateral traits) and sociocultural antropology (the study of attractiveness). The focus of our thesis lies in monitoring directional and fluctuating face asymmetry, comparing males and females with regard to gender dimorphism. We analysed 143 3D face models among the adult population (58 males with average age 22,6 and 85 females with average age 21,6) and scanned them with InSpeck 3D Mega Capturator II. Then we used the RapidForm software to brush, edit and localize the basic landmarks. The face asymmetry was evaluated through classic morphometry and geometric morphometry. The whole face surface was analysed with Rapidform and Morphome3cs software. In our group of test subjects (in man as well as women), fluctuating asymmetry was found more often than directional asymmetry. Directional asymmetry, among women test subjects, was found in 42,86% cases, among men test subjects it was in 28,57% cases, in which was more oriented to the left side. The right eye area was...
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