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The Struggle for the Eternal and the Infinite (S.Kierkegaard and J.Patočka)
Trlifajová, Justina ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the struggle for the Eternal and the Infinite in the works of Kierkegaard and Patočka. It starts with their respective concepts of existence. Based on them, positive and negative aspects of the relation of existence and transcendence are described. The main guiding principle of the description is the movement of the infinite resignation and the movement of the faith in Fear and Trembling, which is compared with the de-objectifying and all-founding force of the Idea in Negative platonism. It turns out that in the relation between existence and transcendence, one can discern the two basic meanings of the transcendent reality. These meanings, together with the positive and negative aspects of the relation of existence to transcendence, form the dialectic of positive and negative, in which the struggle for the Eternal nad the Infinite is set, as well as the struggle for an authentic human existence.
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Kant and Husserl on Transcendental Character of Experience
Trnka, Jakub ; Moural, Josef (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to examine both Husserl's and Kant's transcendentalism in a way that would avoid the tendency to put the main accent on Husserl, which is an approach common to almost all literature dealing with this topic so far. Since it is for the most part Husserl's own critique of Kant that inspires such ongoing underestimation of Kant in comparison to Husserl, this work focuss on the question of the legitimacy of this critique. The core of the thesis is an original interpretation of Kant's transcendental philosophy which, instead of taking for granted the phenomenological point of view, attempts to describe Kant's philosophical enterprise from its own perspective and in its own right. In its second part, the thesis provides a brief description of how Husserl, starting initially from the position of descriptive psychology, arrives at a transcendental dimension. When so put side by side, it becomes evident that the two transcendental positions are in fact very different. Husserl's critique of Kant then appears as unjustified, even though quite understandable as an attempt to draw back from certain immature motives of his own philosophy.
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Issues of meaning of life and selected aspects of existential anxiety
Krátká, Eva ; Junková, Vendula (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
KRÁTKÁ, Eva. The Issues of Meaning of Life and Selected Aspects of Existential Anxiety. Prague, 2012. Dissertation. Charles University in Prague, Philosophical Faculty, Department of Psychology. This dissertation explores issues of experiencing the meaningfulness of life and of selected aspects of existential anxiety, and it verifies whether there is some connection between some measure of meaninglessness of life being experienced and some measure of knowingly experienced existential anxiety and some selected factors which can influence our awareness of our anxiety. The research is focused mainly on adolescents and young and middle-aged adults of different genders, degrees of education and residences in the Czech republic. The survey included 170 respondents and was done with use of quantitative method. Obtained data were processed using the SPSS statistical program, and they are presented in the form of tables, graphs and commentaries. This study confirms an importance and frequency of existential beliefs and experiences and it shows that they are closely connected to an experienced meaningfulness of life and to some personality traits and circumstances of life. Therefore, a deeper research of this area seems to be beneficial and helpful not only from the therapeutic point of view alone.
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Kierkegaard's philosophy of existence
Šimeček, Andrej ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This work takes as its central issue the existential movement as it appears in the philosophy of Soren Kierkegaard. There appears to be relatively little secondary literature on this topic, so it is a very fruitful area to explore. The texts explored include Kierkegaard's 'psychological' books, in particular Concept of Anxiety and Sickness unto Death. These provide our work with the crucial concepts of innocence, guilt, despair, anxiety, existence and spirit. From the more traditional philosophical works, Philosophical Fragments, Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments and Johannes Climacus have been utilised. These texts inform the work mostly on the meaning of movement, doubt, contradiction and absolute paradox. From the more lyrical works, this work is informed by Fear and Trembling and Repetition. Inquiry into these texts combined will provide a picture of existential movement as it is presented by Kierkegaard. This work attempts to capture the 'becoming subjective' which is so central to Kierkegaard's thought, through the reconstruction of the existential stages. It is also the purpose of this work (in the process) to treat areas of Kierkegaard's thought that are usually left untreated. The latter are for example, the problematic of the leap of sin, the unclear status of the...
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Søren Kierkegaard's Conception of Existence
Štěpánová, Markéta ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The Thesis "Søren Kierkegaard's conception of existence" deals with the issue of Kierkegaard's existence. The goals of this thesis are to describe individual stages of our existence and compare them with each other to determine how they differ and describe what is the main feature for each stage. These stages are focused on aesthetics, ethics and religion.The Thesis is more focused on individuals and their religious existence. It tries to bring forward a mutual relationship between an individual and God, which is closely connected with freedom, that is also briefly discussed in this thesis. Key word: Kierkegaard, existence, indvidual, religion, Got, freedom, despair,faith
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On geometry in fundamental ontology
Kovář, Vojtěch ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
The following text attempts to rethink the challenge of Edmund Husserl in his text On the Origin of Geometry. Interpretation of fundamental ontology developed by Martin Heidegger in Being and Time provides field on which it is possible to try to answer the question of the origin of geometry. It is conceived as a completely unique ontological possibility that nature is able to vouch for an explanation of the geometry.
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The Relationship Between Ethics and Faith in Søren Kierkegaard and Emmanuel Lévinas
Šolarová, Anna ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "The Relationship Between Ethics and Faith in Sren Kierkegaard and Emmanuel Lévinas " deals with the relationship of an individual to other human beings and his or her relationship to God, or transcendence. It closely examines mutual dependence of the two relationships and their existential implications for the individual, who vainly seeks selfunderstanding and self-fulfillment in the temporality and finiteness of the world. While Kierkegaardian ethics is subordinated to the absolute claim of faith, Lévinas ascribes absolute authority to ethics. Kierkegaard's "teleological suspension of the ethical" is particularly problematic and Lévinas rejects this notion as immoral. However, the confrontation of their conflicting views reveals numerous analogies and commonalities, which are discussed in more detail below. Both thinkers resist the all-embracing concepts of the Western thought and emhasize the importance of relationship to transcendence, which relates the individual to a higher reality and frees him or her from restraining selfishness of being. The thesis includes Lévinas's objections to Kierkegaard's philosophy and suggests an answer to this critique that the Danish thinker might offer. The connection between duty (ethical or religious) and personal freedom is a recurring theme...
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Log-optimal investment
Flimmel, Samuel ; Lachout, Petr (advisor) ; Kopa, Miloš (referee)
The creation of portfolio is an important and frequent task to solve in financial sector. This paper indroduces one of mathematical models used for this problem. For studied market we assume it`s logaritmic utility function and ergodic stationarity only. The low number of assumptions makes this model quite simple and clear. In this paper we describe the model and prove some of it`s features applicable for our model. First, we analyze the case of an known market distribution and suggest an algorithm for obtaining a portfolio. Later, we analyze the case of an unknown market distribution and introduce one of the suitable methods as well. Empirical distribution helps us to gain requiered results asymptotically. Finally, we study behavior of an empirical distribution method for shorter time periods on real data simulation.
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Comparison of philosophic and ethic motives in the literary work of A.Camus and J.P.Sartre
Bečvářová, Lenka ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Prázný, Aleš (referee)
RESUME My diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of opinions of Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus concerning existential and philosophical motifs in their literary work. I tried to compare the occurrence of individual existential categories, based on selected philosophical and literary works of both authors, who rank among the French branch of atheist existentialism. The first chapter deals with basic characteristics of existential philosophy and its changes between the two wars; and the consequential spreading of this philosophy thinking in the post-war Europe, in which it achieved a great success in a few branches. Majority of this chapter is devoted to French existentialism, whose goal was to explore and describe concrete existence, while human being (existence) is identified as freedom there. It was due to Jean- Paul Sartre that French existentialism has become the most significant way of thinking. The two following chapters briefly describe the lives of Sartre and Camus; because the lives of authors who write philosophical and literary works are always interconnected with their work. The second and third chapter contain the analysis of selected works of both authors, while I didn't forget the dramatic work which is a part of philosophical ad literary work and by means of that I presented mainly...
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