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Competence of the European Union to Regulate GMOs
Vyletová, Veronika ; Grmelová, Nicole (advisor) ; Vavrečka, Jan (referee)
The thesis is devoted to legal regulation of genetically modified food and feed in the European Union. It tries to answer the question: whether and how to regulate use of GMO and the future of the regulation. Considerations are supplemented by European jurisprudence. The work also provides dispute between the European Union and the World Trade Organization concerning the adjustment of the use of genetically modified organisms. Based on available information, thesis leads to inviolable of the protection of the European consumers after the effectiveness of the Transatlantic trade and investment partnership between the European Union and the United States.
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Intelligent optimization module for company information system
Zigo, Ľubomír ; Ondroušek, Vít (referee) ; Krejsa, Jiří (advisor)
Diplomová práca sa zaoberá návrhom a realizáciou inteligentného optimalizačného modulu pre podnikový informačný systém. Optimalizačný modul bude vytvárať celoročné plány údržby s rovnomerným množstvom údržbárskych aktivít v jednotlivých týždňoch a plány pre výrobu s pravidelnými odstávkami. V úvode je uvedený prehľad použiteľných optimalizačných metód, z ktorých sú vybrané metódy pre ďalšiu fázu, testovanie. Nelineárna metóda najmenších štvorcov z Matlab Optimization Toolbox, genetický algoritmus a ABC algoritmus budú otestované na zadanej plánovacej úlohe. Na základe výsledkov testu bude najlepšia metóda implementovaná v podnikovom informačnom systéme. Takto doplnený informačný systém umožňuje vytvárať kvalitnejšie plány údržby a tým zvýšiť celkovú efektivitu podniku.
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Estimation of Genetic Parametrs in Selected Reproduction Traits of Sheep and Revision of Existing Evaluation of Animals
Schmidová, Jitka ; Vostrý, Luboš (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The objective of this investigation was to select the proper model for genetic parameter estimation, to estimate genetic parameters, and to predict breeding values for litter size in most common sheep breeds in Czech Republic. A total of 143 896 lambing records from 1990 to 2012 were analysed. Variance components and genetic parameters for litter size were estimated separately for each breed using the BLUP animal model with repeatability. The basic model equation contained ewe age as a fixed effect and random effects of contemporary group, permanent environment and direct additive genetic effect of the animal. Modifications of the basic model were examined when various combinations of mating effects were included (contemporary group of ewes during mating (harem), additive genetic and permanent environmental effect of service ram).
Estimates of phenotype variance increased across breeds (0.236 for Šumava to 0.779 for Romanov) with increasing breed average for number of lambs per litter. Variance component estimates for permanent environmental effect of the ewe were low (0.0001 to 0.0262). The variance of common environment of contemporary group (from 0.0223 to 0.1309) had bigger influence on the total variability of litter size in almost all studied breeds then additive genetic variance (from 0.0146 to 0.0587). The lowest heritability and repeatability estimates were for the Šumava (h2=0.0619; w2=0.0823) and Romney breeds (h2=0.0626; w2=0.0811); while the highest were for Merinolandschaf (h2=0.1091; w2 = 0.1129).
The effect of service ram ranged from 0.01 to 0.02 of phenotypic variance in Šumava sheep, in Romanov sheep it was from 0.05 to 0.10, and in Suffolk sheep it was from 0.04 to 0.05. Including effects of mating (service sire, harem, and/or ram´s permanent environmental effect) in the model decreased deviance information criterion, what means that these models are more proper than the basic one.
Results from present study demonstrate that genetic parameters did differ among the investigated breeds, which should be taken into account in breeding value estimation. The service rams have low but a clearly detectable influence on litter size of their mates. Genetic parameter estimates indicate that direct selection on the service ram effect could increase litter size and achieve genetic gain through ram selection.
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A method for selecting a portfolio of tools for online marketing activities and supporting their management
Smutný, Zdeněk ; Doucek, Petr (advisor) ; Stříteský, Václav (referee) ; Novotný, Ota (referee) ; Hynek, Josef (referee)
Online marketing activities play an increasingly important role for organization in connection with the development of internet based technologies and their positive reception by the society. The aim of this dissertation is to design an artefact that would support the decision making of marketing specialists and thus the management of online marketing activities. The starting point is an explorative research among Czech companies, which identifies the issues felt as problematic and the needs of the selected set of organizations. Introduced at the same time is the current state of use of selected tools for online marketing by these organizations, and the situation is compared with worldwide development. The output of this explorative research, the examination of scientific literature, and a critical analysis serve as a basis for designing an own method, Genoma, whose purpose is to support the decision making of marketing specialists, and thereby also the management of marketing activities in internet-mediated environment. This method is presented as Deming (PDCA) cycle, which enables it to be used not only separately, but also as part of other frameworks for the management of marketing activities (e.g. the frameworks PMF, MCPF and RACE, which are presented in the dissertation). The Genoma method uses mainly the genetic algorithm for selecting a suitable portfolio of online marketing tools for a particular campaign. The selection is made on the basis of expected feedback at the level of social interaction, meeting the given marketing targets, and the financial demands of the individual tools. The prerequisite of using this method is a knowledge base that includes the area of sociotechnical interaction, which is based on interpreting phenomena related to the internet-mediated environment and the features of complex networks. Methodically, this dissertation builds on the complementary relationship of the behavioural (social informatics) and the design type of research (design science research). The final assessment of the suitability of the proposed method is done on the basis of a multiple case study, which uses also an own program created in C#, implementing the genetic algorithm used in the Genoma method.
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Vocalization of two nightingale species in their hybrid zone
Vokurková, Jana ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Osiejuk, Tomasz S. (referee)
6 ABSTRACT Bird song is a sexually selected trait that is crucial for mate choice and for maintenance of pre-mating reproductive barriers. Secondary contact of closely related and partially reproductively isolated song bird species may result in changes in their songs; these can either diverge and strengthen the reproductive barrier between the two species, or converge and contribute to mixing of their gene pools. The Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and its congener Common Nightingale (L. megarhynchos) may serve as model species suitable for studying these phenomena. In their secondary contact zone, an interspecific hybridization has been documented, as well as convergence of songs of Thrush Nightingales caused by copying of heterospecific songs. Such copying may be a result of erroneous learning of species- specific songs or by genetic introgression. We tested these hypotheses by simultaneous analyses of DNA and song recordings of both species from allopatry (Czech Republic and northeastern Poland) and sympatry (central Poland). Comparisons between our recordings and a catalogue of songs recorded in a Common Nightingale population from allopatry (Germany) confirmed that most of Thrush Nightingale males from the sympatric region were 'mixed singers' that use Common Nightingale phrases in their...
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Systems for Generation of Pulse Magnetic Vector Potential
Hanák, Pavel ; Makáň,, Florian (referee) ; Bartušek, Karel (referee) ; Vrba, Kamil (advisor)
The doctoral thesis is focused on research, design, implementation and testing of systems for the application of magnetic vector potential to biological materials. The main objective was to analyze and design systems which could generate magnetic vector potential without the presence of other unwanted fields or at least amplify its intensity. Moreover, the systems designed had to eliminate other foreign effects on the biological samples, especially the influence of waste heat from the coils. Toroidal coils were employed to generate the vector potential, because they confine the unwanted magnetic induction inside their core thanks to their shape. The thesis employed coils with two different outer diameters, specifically 102 and 600 mm. To excite the coils, four current pulse generators capable of delivering currents of up to 100 A were constructed. The systems’ generated fields were comprehensively analyzed with the help of finite-element simulations in ANSYS. To simplify the design phase, analytical equations for the calculation of vector potential intensity at an arbitrary point around the toroidal coils were also derived. A method employing electromagnetic shielding made of two different materials was developed to suppress the unwanted fields. To eliminate the influence of heat, the 102 mm system employed air cooling and the 600 mm system employed a closed water loop to equalize the temperatures of biological samples. The biological effects of both systems were tested on genetically modified bio-luminescent bacteria Escherichia coli K12 luxABCDEamp. The thesis was created in connection with the research project of The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic named “Research into the effect of a combination of substances for targeted therapy and inhibitory action of the field pulse vector magnetic potential on oncogenous diseases”, No. 2B08063.
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Application for Generating of School Schedules
Fiala, Jan ; Horáček, Jan (referee) ; Rozman, Jaroslav (advisor)
This work deals with problem of generating school schedules. The solution is based on three heuristic algorithms (hill-climbing, simulated annealing, genetic algorithm) and is fully implemented in JAVA. It provides a comparison of implemented heuristic algorithms including description of their pros and cons.
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Populačně genetická struktura pstruha obecného jako základ úspěšného obhospodařování lososových vod ve střední Evropě
KOHOUT, Jan
The genetic structure of 25 wild populations and five hatchery stocks from Czech Republic and Slovakia were analysed using mitochondrial (control region) and nuclear DNA (microsatellites, LDH-C1*) markers to elucidate the impact of stocking on central European populations of brown trout and to outline further management strategies. It seems that stocking practices have caused massive hybridisation between the Atlantic and Danube brown trout populations in the middle Danube basin and have led to a loss of among-population genetic variability in Slovakia and Moravia. Certain effect of stocking was detected also in the upper Danube, Vistula, Oder and Elbe River basins. However, the populations from the Elbe River basin keep certain level of among-population variability and seem to be less affected by stocking in comparison with the Danube River basin populations. There are some indications of late or post-Pleistocene penetration of the Atlantic basin trout to the Danube River basin. However, it is not clear to which extent the natural contact participated to the present distribution of Atlantic haplotypes and alleles in the Danube River basin. Samples from lower parts of the Danube River basin were therefore analysed using the same mitochondrial and microsatellite markers. Samples from Aegean Sea basin were included in order to reveal genetic variability of eastern Balkan populations and to estimate an impact of stocking in this area. Very low levels of introgression from Atlantic and other non-indigenous trout were found in the eastern Balkan populations. The genetic differentiation among the populations is substantially higher in this area compared to the central European populations. The populations in headwaters of the Otava River (Elbe River basin) were analysed using microsatellites in order to reveal origin of these populations and evaluate the current management strategies of brown trout in Šumava National Park and Protected Landscape Area. The analysed populations were substantially differentiated from the remaining Elbe River basin populations and there was also certain level of genetic structure within trout from the headwaters of the Otava River associated with isolation by a migration barrier and geographic distance. However, stocking with hatchery trout also contributed to the pattern of genetic variability. The population of Borová Lada hatchery, which is used for stocking in Šumava exhibited higher genetic variability compared to the wild populations and it seems to be of heterogeneous origin. Comparisons of the analysed populations with populations from other areas and results from other studies indicated that mtDNA haplotypes from the lower Danube River and southern Black Sea basins differ considerably from a subclade of the Danubian lineage consisting of haplotypes found so far in the most of the Danube River basin and in the Caspian and Aral Sea basins. The results thus evidence a complex evolutionary history of brown trout in the southern and western parts of the Black Sea basin.
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Implementation and testing of selected optimization methods for the parameter estimation of simulation models
Zapletal, Marek ; Matoušek, Radomil (referee) ; Grepl, Robert (advisor)
This thesis deals with design of appropriate optimization algorithms for purposes of newly developed tool Mechlab’s parameter estimation, which serves for parameter estimation of simulation models in Matlab/Simulink. Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm had been chosen among other gradient methods. On the other hand, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing had been chosen from category of soft computing techniques to be implemented. Chosen algorithms were tested on artifical problem of mechanical oscilator and also on real datasets from electronic throttle. Proposed simulated annealing worked in both cases whith sufficient results, nevertheless was time-costly. For the oscilator problem, all the algorithms provided accurate solutions, but in the case of real dataset, Levenberg-Marquardt functionality was limited, while genetic algorithm still provided excelent results.
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Photorealistic Rendering Using "Photon Mapping" Method
Lysek, Tomáš ; Herout, Adam (referee) ; Zemčík, Pavel (advisor)
This master thesis focuses on photon mapping rendering technique. A simple photon mapping was implemented as a baseline and then progressive photon mapping was prepared for CPU and GPU. After implementing progressive photon mapping on GPU, further acceleration techniques were proposed. Finally, in the thesis, genetic clustering algorithm for suitable clusters on GPU was proposed.
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