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Craniocerebral injuries in motorbikers
HEJNOVÁ, Anna
This thesis focuses on the craniocerebral injuries in motorcyclists. It is divided into a theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part I have described the anatomy of the human skull and the brain. I have also described the mechanics of injuries on a one track vehicle and the most common types of craniocerebral injuries which are the focus of my thesis. The last chapter focuses on the immediate care necessary in patients that have suffered cranial trauma. The practical part of my paper contains excerpts of interviews conducted at random with members of the South Bohemian Emergency Medical Services. In this part of my thesis I focused on two goals. The first was to map out the knowledge of emergency workers which are not doctors regarding cranial cerebral injuries. The second was to find out their procedures in treating cranial trauma patients injured on motorcycles. This way I was able to map out the procedures used by non-medical emergency personnel when treating a motorcycle accident patient with craniocerebral injuries. To reach my conclusions I used a highly effective research method in which I questioned 10 informants in the form of a semistructured interview. The results of the interviews point to the fact that the non-medical emergency professionals have the theoretical knowledge of craniocerebral injuries and were able to name the particular symptoms and complications associated with them. However some of them were confused about some specifics. They were able to name the different types of these injuries. When it came to being able to name and identify the different types of helmets available most admitted that they weren't well informed. When it came to helmet removal the results were positive pointing to their awareness of the correct procedure. They also proved to be skilled in the placement of a neck brace/collar. When asked about therapy their answers were mostly chaotic.
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Morphological differences between the skulls of lions (Panthera leo) and tigers (Panthera tigris)
Šádková, Jolana ; Formanová, Dominika (advisor) ; Pyszko, Martin (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to evaluate possibilities of morphological differentiation of skulls of lions (Panthera leo) and tigers (Panthera tigris) for the purposes of control authorities supervising a trade with endangered species protected by CITES. Tiger skeletons are one of the black markets highly lucrative and plentifully traded goods. Tiger skeletons might be easily exchanged for those of the lions, therefore their distinction is crucially needed for the control authorities. Therefore, a literature search on the morphological differences between the skulls of these two large felids with a focus on non-metric features was carried out. The results of the study show a possibility of distinction between lion and tiger skulls, though different identification features are shown among studied papers. Morphological differences and characteristics of individual subspecies or populations, as well as differences between the sexes and differences caused by specific conditions during ontogenetic development (such as captive breeding) are discussed. The results of the bachelor's thesis suggest a high reliability of species identification by simultaneous usage of multiple morphological characteristics of skulls. However, this conclusion should still be verified by empirical examination of selected...
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Sexual dimorphism and interpopulation variability of the skull in time-distanced populations
Šutoová, Denisa ; Bejdová, Šárka (advisor) ; Suchá, Barbora (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with sexual dimorphism and interpopulation variability of skull morphology between recent Egyptian population and a historical population, which is not geographically distanced but originates from the Old Kingdom period (Egypt, 2700-2180 BC). Estimating sex and population affinity is an important part of the process of building a biological profile of unknown human remains, and the skull is one of the best parts of the skeleton to estimate these attributes. Sex estimation is based on the existence of sexual dimorphism, which is very population specific, and sex determination is more reliable when population-specific methods are applied. Therefore, it is required to perform population affinity estimation before sex determination. A total of 143 adult specimens were included in the analysis. 47 three-dimensional exocranial meshes of skulls of individuals originating from the Old Kingdom period (31 males and 16 females) and 96 CT images of the heads from the recent Egyptian population in the age range of 18-86 years. (49 males and 47 females). The material was evaluated using the methods of geometric morphometry. In the analysis of the form, significant differences between the sexes were found. The most sexually dimorphic areas were the supraorbital arches, glabella, arcus...
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Anatomical Changes on the Skeleton in the Evolution of Genus Homo
Hoffmannová, Valérie ; Dvořáková, Radka (advisor) ; Schierová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the anatomical features on the skeletons of species Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensi, Homo sapiens and Homo naledi. For each type are described those features which characterize it. Emphasis is placed on changes in the anatomy of the skull and pelvis, but they are also mentioned other features typical for the species. Part of this work is to outline the mobility and function of the skeleton. Information about individual species are supplemented by a description of external signs which are due to the anatomy of the skeleton. Keywords: Anatomy, Morphology, skeleton, skull, pelvis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, Homo naledi
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Postnatal Ontogenesis of the Skull of the Pond Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta)
Čtrnáctová, Lenka ; Brejcha, Jindřich (advisor) ; Soukup, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis focuses on the descriptive analysis of skull morphology of the pond slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). The general approach was an osteological preparation of the skulls and photographic documentation (following standardised procedures) of a larger sample of specimens. The collected data was used as a background for subsequent GMM analyses. Main hypotheses of this project were: 1) the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic; 2) the skull of T. s. elegans constitutes of several independent modules. The objective of this thesis was therefore to describe the postnatal ontogenesis of the model taxon and to determine the developmental trends of its cranial structures. It was shown that the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic in shape mainly due to differences in allometric growth. These differences probably reflect different nutritional requirements. The skull of T. s. elegans is formed out of four modules. These are: facial, central, basicranial, and possibly also zygomatic-pterygoideal modules.
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Sex assessment of skull using exocranial meshes from CT scans
Musilová, Barbora ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Friedl, Lukáš (referee)
Sex estimation is a challenging problem in both forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology. Sexual dimorphism is most noticeably displayed by the pelvis; however in instances when it is not preserved, sex is estimated by skull. There is a multitude of approaches that use the skull, however, their population specificity and variable sexual dimorphism oscillation reduces their effectiveness (Bruzek and Murail, 2006). We base our contribution on the study by Abdel Fatah et al. (2014) that estimates sex based on exocranial and endocranial surfaces with a high success rate of 97%. Our approach uses anonymized CT scans of skulls from recent french population, from which the exocranial surface was segmented. On these surfaces, CPD-DCA (Dupej et al., 2014) was performed. We analyzed both form and shape (form after size normalization) of these surfaces in 104 skulls (53 males, 51 females) aged 18 to 92 years. The mean age was 58 years in females and 52.46 years in males. Classification was performed using support vector machines (SVM) with a radial kernel. Leave-one-out crossvalidation was also applied. The highest success rate (87.5 %) was achieved with the first 27 principal components of form. Classification of shape was less accurate by only 2 %. Even though our success rate was lower than that of Abdel...
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A Comparison of Vanitas Still Life in Italian, French and Dutch 17th Century Environment and Searching for Influences on Czech School
Pourová, Kristina ; Zlatohlávek, Martin (advisor) ; Jarošová, Markéta (referee)
My diploma thesis concerns itself with the depiction of the still life, in particular the type known as "vanitas", symbolizing the transience of human life. I focus on several artists working in Italy, France and Netherlands during the 17th century - Salvator Rosa, Simon Renard de Saint Andre, Jan Davidsz de Heem, and Nicolaes van Verendael - and explore their influence on the Czech artists Johann Adalbert Angermeyer, Jan Kaspar Hirschely, and Vaclav Vavrinec Reiner, who dealt with the same topic.
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Transformation
Mucha, Petr ; Sobotka, Jiří (referee) ; Gabriel, Michal (advisor)
Transforamtion sculpture points to what I as an author see as the only one truly meaningful fullfilment of human existence which is an abilty of self transformation. Finding the absolute destination.
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Postnatal Ontogenesis of the Skull of the Pond Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta)
Čtrnáctová, Lenka ; Brejcha, Jindřich (advisor) ; Soukup, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis focuses on the descriptive analysis of skull morphology of the pond slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). The general approach was an osteological preparation of the skulls and photographic documentation (following standardised procedures) of a larger sample of specimens. The collected data was used as a background for subsequent GMM analyses. Main hypotheses of this project were: 1) the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic; 2) the skull of T. s. elegans constitutes of several independent modules. The objective of this thesis was therefore to describe the postnatal ontogenesis of the model taxon and to determine the developmental trends of its cranial structures. It was shown that the skull of T. s. elegans is sexually dimorphic in shape mainly due to differences in allometric growth. These differences probably reflect different nutritional requirements. The skull of T. s. elegans is formed out of four modules. These are: facial, central, basicranial, and possibly also zygomatic-pterygoideal modules.
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Neurocranial asymmetry from normal shape to pathology
Forinová, Michala ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Bigoni, Lucie (referee)
Neurocranial asymmetry from normal shape to pathology Abstract: The bachelor thesis deals with the most frequent asymmetry of human skull - deformational plagiocephaly. Deformational (positional) plagiocephaly is the deformity of the skull, which is casued by external forces on developing, little rigid, skull of infants. An increased incidence of this deformity was noticed after 1992, when American Academy of Pediatrics marked supine position as the most safe sleeping position for infants, which decreases risk of Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This thesis includes the context of this deformity such as the correct development of the skull, craniosynostosis or torticollis. Craniosynostosis, caused by premature fusion of suture, can lead to similiar resulting shape of the skull. To differentiate craniosynostosis from deformities caused by external forces is very important from the point of clinial view - craniosynostosis can lead to increasing of intracranial pressure and other complications. Expansion of deformational plagiocephaly can be connected in some cases with torticollis, which leads to asymmetrical posture of a head and following confirmation.
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