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The Field Trip on the Banks of the River Vrchlice Focused on Woody Plants with the Pupils of Secondary School
Nováková, Jana ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Hanel, Lubomír (referee)
I chose the topic for my diploma thesis " The Excursion for the Elementary School Pupils along the Riverside of the Vrchlice River Aiming at Woody Plants". I took that topic intentionally just for several reasons. I wanted to bring a scenic valley of the Vrchlice river to pupilsˇ attention, to make the identification of woody plants more attractive in the natural scientific excursion, and to consolidate pupils' relation to nature and neighbouring environment. The first theoretical part deals with the general description of this valley and at the same time with the characteristic of animals and plants. Selected sorts of woody plants are described in the most detailed way as they became initial ones for working out worksheets and for the natural scientific excursion. The next part of the diploma thesis concerns inquiry research the goal of which was to find out the interest of teachers from nearby basic schools in worksheets dealing with the woody plants issues of the river Vrchlice. Worksheets dealing with selected wooden plants were elaborated on the basis of the research assessment. Those worksheets were verifield in the follow-up excursion. The closing part evaluates whether all the set targets were accomplished. Keywords Woody plants, educational excursion, worksheets, plants, pupils
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Functions of RAB GTPases and SNARE proteins in post-Golgi trafficking pathways in response to abiotic stress in plants
Moulík, Michal ; Hála, Michal (advisor) ; Mašková, Petra (referee)
Plants as sessile organisms are strongly affected by abiotic and biotic stress factors. Thus, they have developed an array of morfological, biochemical and physiological adaptations to reduce the negative effects of these factors. The membrane trafficking, among others, plays very important role in adaptation to abiotic stress. In my bachelor thesis I have focused on two important protein families involved in this trafficking, namely on RAB GTPases and SNARE proteins. In the first part, the phenomenon of stress is characterized and the strategies how plants cope with the effect of stressors are described, especially the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy. Following chapter deals with an introduction to the membrane trafficking in plants. In the rest of the thesis, I characterize RAB GTPases and SNARE proteins and provide contemporary insight in the mechanism of their function. The aim of the key parts of these chapters is to summarize current knowledge of RAB GTPases' and SNARE proteins' functions in post-Golgi trafficking pathways during response to abiotic stressors or secondary oxidative stress. Key words: plants, abiotic stress, membrane trafficking, secretion, endocytosis, vacuole, RAB GTPases, SNARE proteins
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Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 and its role in plant translation regulation
Raabe, Karel ; Michailidis, Christos (advisor) ; Retzer, Katarzyna (referee)
After transcription, mRNA translation is another highly regulated process in gene expression. In plants, translation regulation plays an important role during progamic phase, fertilization and seed development, where synthesized transcripts are stored and selectively translated later in development. Translation regulation is also broadly used in stress responses as a fast and flexible tool to change gene expression; therefore, it plays an essential role in the survival strategy of sessile organisms like plants. Both regulation of the global translational rate as well as selective regulation of specific transcripts modulate the final gene expression response. Most of the regulatory mechanisms are concentrated in the stage of initiation, which is facilitated by several translation initiation factors. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is the largest and most complex of these factors, consisting of 12 conserved subunits. Its key function in the initiation is to scaffold the formation of the translation initiation complex and in the scanning mechanism accuracy. In past decades, additional eIF3 functions were discovered acting upon the whole translation cycle, including its importance in global and specific translation regulation. The aim of this work is to review eIF3 functions and to...
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Knowledge of less common isoflavonoids in plants
Cymbál, Martin ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Martin Cymbál, DiS. Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Bachelor thesis 2016/2017: Knowledge of less common isoflavonoids in plants, pp. 78. Isoflavonoids are a group of 3-phenylchromen-4-one phenol flavonoids, many of which are biologically active. Isoflavonoids and their derivatives are sometimes referred to as phytoestrogens, because their structure and effect are similar to steroid hormones and are fed to estrogen receptors in the body. Isoflavonoids play an important role in human food as a health promoting plant substance. Isoflavonoids and their related compounds are used in many dietary supplements and only in one registered phytopharmac (Menofem). Recently, some natural isoflavones have been identified as toxins, eg. biliatrasone, which can cause biliary atresia if infants are exposed to this substance. However, with years of research and finding of new isoflavonoids together with understanding of their mechanism of action and their structure they have gained importance. Over the last ten years isoflavonoids have been subject to extensive research and analysis mainly because of their countless effects that were confirmed by studies. Many other in vitro and in vivo experiments need to be...
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Thermoluminescence measurement system
Matějka, Tomáš ; Král, Jan (referee) ; Kubíček, Michal (advisor)
This thesis deals with revision and design of electronic for measuring system PSI TL 500 which is designed for measurement of thermoluminescence phenomena in photosystem II. Thesis describes principles and properties of the measuring system in its current form and changes for the new version are discussed. Digital control part based on Xilinx Zynq platform is designed. Revision of analog measuring part of system is made and partial changes are implemented.
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Characterization of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunits (eIF3) in A. thaliana male gametophyte
Linhart, Filip ; Hafidh, Said (advisor) ; Retzer, Katarzyna (referee)
From RNA-to-protein, translation initiation and protein synthesis is mediated by trans-acting factors that recognize mRNA features common to almost all eukaryotes. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex (eIF3) is a highly conserved protein complex that recognizes 5'-CAP elements of the mRNA to initiate translation. eIF3 consists of nine subunits, three of them having two isoforms: eIF3A, eIF2B1, eIF3B2, eIF3C1, eIF3C2, eIF3D, eIF3E, eIF3F, eIF3G1, eIF3G2, eIF3H and eIF3K. This work deals with functional characterization, expression and subcellular localization of eIF3B1, eIF3B2 and eIF3E in Arabidopsis thaliana male gametophyte and interaction of eIF3E with the Constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) complex as a regulatory complex of eIF3E post-translational control. Here we show that depletion of eif3b1 or eif3b2 is not gametophytic lethal and that the two protein might function redundantly, whereas, knockout of eIF3E causes male gametophyte lethality. Interestingly, eif3b1 show post-fertilization defects during embryogenesis, suggesting that its redundancy with eIF3B2 is restricted to the gametophyte. Gene expression studies revealed high expression of eIF3 subunits in actively dividing zones of leaf primordia, root meristem and root elongation zones as well as in the vegetative...
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Role of long non-coding RNAs in plants
Klodová, Božena ; Honys, David (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a group of transcripts with length greater than 200 nucleotides having low coding potential. It is a group of regulatory ribonucleic acid (RNA) still not fully understood but with significant potential in many biological processes across different species. For animals, many important lncRNA regulators and their roles in a range of events including their involvement in carcinogenic diseases have been reported. However, particular mechanisms of functions are often yet to be discovered. Considering plants, economically important species such as rice, maize or soybean are of particular interest. There are still only several fully annotated transcripts. However, with the constant improvement of sequencing and bioinformatic methods, the importance of lncRNA (for example in pathogen resistance or plant reproduction) becomes clear. This bachelor thesis reviews up-to-date knowledge about lncRNAs and their roles in plants. It also describes the difficulties of lncRNA research and discusses their future potential.
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Biological assessment of the locality Pivovarská flošna in Hradec Králové - Malšovice
Samková, Věra ; Mocek, Bohuslav ; Mikát, Miroslav ; Hromádka, Miloslav ; Mikátová, Blanka
Bylo nalezeno celkem 227 druhů rostlin, 163 druhů hmyzu (včetně starších nálezů), z toho 52 druhů brouků, 107 druhů motýlů a 4 druhy vážek. Bylo zjištěno 104 stanovišť 30 hnízdících druhů ptáků, 2 druhy obojživelníků, 2 druhy plazů a 8 druhů savců. 8 druhů obratlovců patří ke zvláště chráněným. Popsány vlivy stavby na flóru a faunu a navržena opatření k minimalizaci dopadů záměru a udržení přírodního prostředí.
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