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Složky funkčních potravin v chemoprevenci nádorových onemocnění
Baráková, Nikola
This bachelor's theses occupies with the compounds of functional foods -- nutriceuticals -- which may play protective role against cancer. The first chapter deals with functional foods in general and the role of nutrition in one's health. A great part of the thesis is dedicated to the process of carcinogenesis, which is essential to understanding the mechanism of action of nutriceuticals. The greates part of the thesis deals with specific effects of the compouds of functional foods and with the way of affecting the processes in organism against carcinogenesis. Some other nutriceuticals are mentioned in the next part. The end of the thesis is dedicated to methods, which may help to prevent prostate cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer. The thesis aims to introduce an integrated view on the topic and to point out some suitable foods, that everyone can include in their diet.
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Modulace imunitního systému člověka výživou
Urbišová, Amálie
This bachelor's thesis focuses on nutraceuticals, compounds of functional food, that can be used for treatment or as a prevention of deseases. Structure and important functions of immune system are described in the introduction of the thesis. Following sententious classification diseases, which is connected with immunity of organism. In this chapter it is described food allergy in detail, because its demonstrations are closely connected with nutrition. Thesis demonstrates influence colon intestine microflora on immune system. Next chapter describes problems of functional food, their characteristics and utilization. The important part of the thesis attends to several compounds of functional food, that makes a better immune system. This chapter includes sententious characteristic of nutraceuticals, their functioning on immunity, listing of food sources and recommended daily intake.
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Variability of skin colour: causes and implications
Mašek, Jan ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Hora, Martin (referee)
Melanin acts as a solar radiation filter. Genes are responsible for the amount and the type of the melanin produced, however also an UV radiation is able to induce a melanin synthesis. It appears that the UV radiation has been the determining factor in the human evolution to which the skin colour had to adapt. The original colour of skin was fair and pigmentation has developed after the loss of fur. High levels of UV radiation in equatorial Africa presented a selection pressure for dark pigmentation due to its negative effect on skin. On the other hand, it is important that the skin is bright enough so that a part of the UV radiation could pass through and launch the synthesis of vitamin D. When anatomically modern humans spread out of Africa, a decrease in pigmentation occurred in order to adapt for new levels of the UV radiation in new regions. Nutrition and sexual selection also have an effect on the formation of the skin colour but they have rather secondary importance. The variability of this trait is high between populations but very low within the populations, what testifies to a very intense natural selection. It has also been proven that there is a connection between civilization diseases, such as cancer. Differences in the skin colour have also been and still are important for social...
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Nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic aspects at selected pathological states
Krupková, Lucie ; Klusoňová, Hana (referee) ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor)
DIPLOMA THESIS Nutrigenetic and nutrigenomic aspects at selected pathological states. Mentor of Diploma Thesis: PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Lucie Krupková, 2010 Abstract The effect of nutrition to human health is undisputable. Certain dietary compounds can influence each of us in different ways. Although people have almost identical genome, there are imperceptible diffenrences that make us unique. This uniqueness is shown in different responses to specific nutrients. The matter of diet, genes and gen-diet interactions are solved by two developing scientific disciplines - nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Nutrigenomics aims to determine the influence of common dietary ingredients on the genome, and attempts to relate the resulting different phenotypes to differences in the cellular and genetic response of the biological system. Nutrigenetics identifies and characterizes gene variants associated with differential responses to nutrients, and relates these variants to disease states. Scientific research is focused primarily on chronic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2 and cancer. The onset of the diseases is caused by enviromental factors on the one hand, and by individual's genotype on the other hand. Nutrigenetics searches for candidates' genes whose...
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Healthy life style education focused on colon and rectum cancer prevention
BARTONĚK, Jaroslav
This work is engaged in colon and rectum cancer which is much more obvious problem in the Czech Republic than in the rest of European countries. This work is focused on its prevention and a diagnostic of this serious disease. The healthy lifestyle habits and an advance anamnesis can reduce death risk to a great extent. There is a project called ``The colon and rectum cancer prevention {--} a drop of blood saves a life{\crqq} as a part of this work which is destined for upper {--} primary pupils. The purpose of this work is consistent with the first objective of the National Oncology Program of the Czech Republic. This program is focused on professional education support of tumor prevention in Czech schools, an increased public awareness of tumor prevention, a decrease of smoking by youth and women, and also an abatement of the fluctuations of nutrition and lifestyle. This goal has been fulfilled. There is a question of whether the results of this program reflect the true situation. If this type of education project is undertaken by primary schools in the Czech Republic we will have to wait some years to see the results.
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Identification of selected probiotic bacteria in food additives
Bubeníková, Lucia ; Španová, Alena (referee) ; Rittich, Bohuslav (advisor)
Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are gram-positive bacteria which belong to the lactic acid bacteria group. They are ordinary constituents of gastrointestinal microflora, play a pivotal role in human nutrition and health, prevent pathogen colonization and maintain normal mucosal immunity. In present days they are used in production of functional food products and pharmaceutical additives. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to the detection and identification of bacteria which belong to the genus of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Specific primers for each genus are used in PCR reactions for in vitro amplification of definite part of DNA. In this work, total DNA was isolated from three additives (Pangamin Bifi plus, Biopron Junior and Probiodom) by the method of phenol extraction and amplified using genus-specific PCR primers giving amplicons of 523 bp (Bifidobacterium) and 250 bp (Lactobacillus). Occurrence of bacteria of both genera was proved in all of the three tested probiotic products.
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Hyaluronan for targeted drug delivery
Ureš, Tomáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) is a linear polysaccharide formed from disacharide units containing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid. HA is present in almost all biological fluids and tissues. In many cancer cells there is an upregulation of CD44, a receptor that binds HA. The receptor CD44 collocates hyaluronan in the special way. The bioconjugates built-up from the cytotoxic substances and hyaluronan are called prodrugs. The prodrugs can be used for targeted drug delivery system. Their main advantage is there is no need to medicine so high doses of pharmaceuticals and their adverse side effects are minimized. Hyaluronan can be used as well as the intra-articulation injection by osteoarthritis. HA is also used as the nutrition of joints, by treatment for diverse dermatic lesions, the repair of scars and it can be the ingredient of eye drops and nasal sprays. The cosmetic manufactures add HA into anti-wrinkle creams and anti-aging care.
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Effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts on the survival, proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells.
Nováková, Gita ; Anděra, Ladislav (advisor) ; Brábek, Jan (referee)
Tumour microenvironment, in addition to cancer cells themselves, represents important structural and functional part of the tumour. Similarly to the normal organs tumour microenvironment comprises several cell types (fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells etc.) and non-cellular components, particularly extracellular matrix. All of them form favourable conditions for the growth, proliferation, protection from the immune system- mediated destruction and nutrition of cancer cells. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the most abundant cell type of tumour microenvironment. Their origin can be traced to local normal fibroblasts, endothelial cells or epithelial cells and the transition into the CAFs phenotype is influenced with several factors secreted by cancer cells (particularly TGF-β). In contrast to fibroblasts activated during wound healing newly formed cancer associated fibroblasts expressing α-SMA are not subsequently eliminated from the respektive tissue. They persist and produce a number of pro-tumorigenic factors - SDF-1, HGF, IGF-1, IL-6, VEGF, PDGF-C, TGF-β, MMPs etc. CAFs and their secreted factors target several signalling pathways enhancing basic characteristics of the tumour, so called Hallmarks of Cancer. Cancer associated fibroblasts promote proliferation and invasiveness of...
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Possibilities for utilization of selected vegetable oils in foodstuffs.
Krátká, Milena ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
The aim of this work was to find out and compare the composition of the chosen vegetable oils with regards to both the chemical composition and the pharmacological effects as the supplementary nutrition. All the oils selected contain large amount of the essential fatty acids, which has the positive effect on human health. Evening Primrose oil, borage oil and black currant seeds oil contain the large amount of the gama-linolenoic acid (GLA), which has the positive influence on the curing of the diabetes, menstrual syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections and skin disorders. Flax and hemp oil are excellent sources of the essential fatty acids in optimal ratio and are rich in other important substances, like phytoestrogenes and phytosterols. The lipids containing the high amount of the unsaturated fatty acids are predisposed to the oxidation during the storage. The oxidized essential fatty acids have the antimetabolic effect, which is working against the positive effect of original essential fatty acid. It is thus important and recommended to accompany the consumption of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with the antioxidants. In this work the effects of the antioxidants were also taken into account. From the oils selected the highest amount of the antioxidants can be found in Sea buckthorn oil, which contains the antioxidants like vitamin E, carotenoids etc. This work was also aimed at the literature review of the stabilization of the unsaturated fatty acids, technological production processes, reactions taking place in oils during their storage and the analytical methods used for the characterization of the oils.
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Monitoring of Phytoestrogens Expression to the Milk and Milk Products
Watzková, Jarmila ; Rittich, Bohuslav (referee) ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Phytoestrogens are very intensively studied in recent years because they show different pharmacological effects on human health. For example, it was demonstrated that phytoestrogens reduce the risk of certain cancers (breast, prostate or colon), act as antioxidants in the body and affect the activity of certain enzymes. In addition, also it was demonstrated number of positive effects of soybean phytoestrogens on the health status of women in the menopause, such as reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or osteoporosis. Various technologically processed soy beans are important part of the feed rations mainly for high-lactating dairy cows, because they are a valuable source of the energy and high-quality protein, despite their negative effect on reproductive performance. Phytoestrogens consumed from the feed rations are hydrolyzed in the rumen of dairy cow and together with their metabolites are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood. They can be excreted from the body in urine or milk. From this perspective, cow's milk may become a source of phytoestrogens substances, especially equol in the human nutrition. On the other hand, some research results suggest possible potential risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in the diet on human health. At the some age (infants and young children) and group (vegetarians) categories may be dietary intake of phytoestrogens undiserable. According to most experts, a beneficial effect on human health prevail the potential risks. However, the risks associated with phytoestrogens intake in food can not be ignored and therefore phytoestrogens are still actual problem in the field of scientific research.
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