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Neuropharmacology of spatial navigation, cognitive coordination and flexibility tests in animal models
Prokopová, Iva ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee) ; Blahoš, Jaroslav (referee)
Spatial navigation, cognitive coordination and behavioral flexibility belong amongst cognitive functions, which play a role in many neuropsychiatric disorders. Behavioral tasks have proved to be useful paradigms to test these functions in pharmacological or genetic animal models. First aim was to determine a potential interaction between β-adrenergic and α1-adrenergic or D2-dopaminergic systems. Spatial navigation and coordination were impaired in both studies during co-aplication of subthreshold doses of drugs. Used substances belong to group of widely prescribed drugs, thus our results could be implicated in clinical practice. Another study examined an acute effect of MK-801 (animal model of schizophrenia) on behavioral flexibility in Carousel maze and the Morris water maze (MWM). Carousel maze showed higher sensitivity with impairments from 0.08 mg.kg-1 compared to 0.10 mg.kg- 1 in MWM. The final experiment aimed at testing the effect of reduced expression of Nogo-A protein on spatial navigation and behavioral flexibility of rats. A battery of tests in the Carousel maze revealed impairment in cognitive functions, MWM showed unaffected working memory of rats. Our results support the hypothesis linking Nogo-A knock-down rats with neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive disorders. Key words:...
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The influence of central serotoninergic and dopaminergic activity on nutritional and metabolic parameters
Brunerová, Ludmila ; Anděl, Michal (advisor) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee) ; Yamamotová, Anna (referee)
THE INFLUENCE OF CENTRAL SEROTONINERGIC AND DOPAMINERGIC ACTIVITY ON NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS MUDr. Ludmila Brunerová SUMMARY Introduction: Neuromediators dopamine and serotonin play a significant role in homeostatic and hedonic regulation of food intake, may exert direct metabolic effects and particularly serotonin influences affectivity. Their central activity could be quantified by functional tests. Common regulatory mediators of metabolism and affectivity represent an interesting research goal. Aims of study: The first aim was to describe the relationship between central serotoninergic activity measured by citalopram challenge test, affectivity, preference of macronutrients in food and metabolic profile in healthy men. The second aim was to confirm the use of sublingual apomorphine test as a functional test for assessment of central dopaminergic activity. The third aim was to reveal the relationship between central dopaminergic activity measured by sublingual apomorphine test, preference of macronutrients and metabolic profile. Methods: The study was performed on 42 healthy men (average age 43.5 ± 7.4 years and average BMI 27.4 ± 5.7 kg/mš) within 4 days with a week interval in between them. Anthropometric and...
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Risk factors for development of schizophrenia
Dunglová, Eva ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee)
Schizophrenia is a severe disease. There is a complicity of genetic and environmental factors in schizophrenia onset. Factors with probable influence on development of schizophrenia are rate of urbanization, geographic location, migration, month of birth, maternal nutrition during pregnancy and birth complications, stress during pregnancy, length of lactation period, prenatal and postnatal infection exposure, exposure to a cat during childhood or cannabis abuse. Until now the information on the environmental risk factors of schizophrenia mentioned above concludes in possibility of existence of one factor which would be determinative in schizophrenia onset. Vitamin D deficiency could be this key factor. Lack of vitamin D in prenatal and postnatal period is linked with most of the environmental risk factor for schizophrenia mentioned above, so they could be just the indicators of vitamin D deficiency. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Hormonal stimulation of ovulation of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
MUSIL, Martin
Hormonal stimulation of ovulation in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) In 2015, an experiment with hormonal stimulation of ovulation in grass carpwas performed using dopamine inhibition of secretion luteinizing hormone (LH) by mGnRHa ([D-Tle6, Pro9, NEt] -mGnRH), with or without metoclopramide. Three experimental groups of females were injected with the following hormonal preparations: group A - mGnRHa (12.5 mikrog.kg-1) + metoclopramide (20 mg.kg-1), group B - mGnRHa (12.5 mikrog.kg- 1) Group C - 0.9% NaCl. For group A injected mGnRHa with metoclopramide, ovulation only achieved one of the females (14.28%), the fecundity index was 5.66% and the fertility was only 0.1%. The luteinizing hormone concentration peaked after application of the hormonal preparation and, unlike group B, declined with imminent ovulation. In Group B, the application of pure synthetic mGnRH induced ovulation in 57.14% of injected females. Fecundity index was 11.25 +- 4.77% and average fertility reached 60.25 +- 11.22%. The level of luteinizing hormone reached its peak only at the time just before ovulation itself. The results of the experiment did not demonstrate the use of mGnRHa with metoclopramide as the most effective. However, LH levels have shown a strong dopamine inhibition of LH secretion in this species.
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Stimulant drugs and their physiological effects
Nováková, Pavlína ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
The category of stimulant drugs is a heterogenous group of substances which benefit-to-harm ratio varies widely. This work attempts to use a systemic approach in order to characterize the underlying basis of the physiological effects of their selected representatives in brain. A brief pharmacological description of caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamine and methamphetamine is followed by an identification of main molecular targets of these drugs in the context of respective neurotransmitter systems. Major attention is given to both acute and chronic molecular mechnisms of action of the selected stimulant drugs up to the level of selected relevant neural circuits. In the next section stimulant drugs are presented as Trojan horses that attack the motivational system of the brain. Initially, a theoretical analysis of reward together with a neuroanatomical dissection of reward-related circuitry serves as a basis for the formulation of contemporary theories of drug addiction. Finally, an effort is made to synthesize common molecular events with specific aspects of reward in order to draw a picture of the neurobiological view of addiction.
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Effect of physical exercise on mood changes
LÍSA, Jan
Aim of paper is to find out what effects do physical exercises have on the psychical part of the person. Theoretical part speaks about psychology and emotions from the psychical view, and also from the biological view. It speaks about the effect of sport, group mentality and the way people in a group perceive the sport. It also mentions biological processes in the body and the substances that are made during the physical exertion. Methodical parts speaks about how we will put out hypothesis to the test. That is how, where, how long and under what circumstances will we do our experiement, and how will we evaluate it. Conclution is made of results, which containt tables and graphs with collected data and their explanation in text, evaluation and personal comments. Annexes contain the prototype of the used questionnaire. Results showed, that theoretical hypothesis, that physical activities are beneficial for a human, and statistical hypothesis both proved correct, and statistical one in 83,3% of the cases.
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Hormonal induction of ovulation in whitebarred catfish (Agamyxis pectinifrons)
KNOWLES, Jindřiška
The aims of presented work are reviewing of current knowledge about biology and artifical reproduction, evaluation of dopamine inhibition of LH secretion and identification of optimal hormonal treatment of ovulation in tropical whitebarred catfish. Two trials were conducted in years 2012 and 2013. The experiments differed from each other only in the water temperature 29,5 °C (Experiment No.1) and 26 °C (Experiment No.2). In each experiment, the fish were divided into 4 groups. Group A was injected only with mGnRHa, group B was injected with dopamine inhibitor metoclopramide, group C was injected with mGnRHa plus metoclopramide and group D was injected only with physiological saline (0,9 % NaCl). Ovulation occurred only in the groups injected with the combination of GnRHa and dopamine inhibitor, however in both experiments. In Experiment No.1, the ovulation rate was around 60%, relative fecundity was 331,025 +- 47,508 eggs . kg-1, latency interval was at 10.3 +- 0.6 hours and the fecundity index was determined at 13, 8. In Experiment No. 2 ovulation, the level of ovulation was 50%, relative fecundity was 408,561 +- 34,934 pieces of eggs . kg-1, latency interval was 13.7 +- 0.7 hours and fecundity index was 15.35. The results clearly show a strong inhibition of dopamine on LH secretion and show that the combination of GnRHa with dopamine inhibitor can be successfully used to induce ovulation in whitebarred catfish.
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