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Charles Darwin and darwinism in Finnish Literature
Hanušová, Jitka ; Dlask, Jan (advisor) ; Parente Čapková, Viola (referee)
Name: Jitka Hanušová School: Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Department: Institute of Linguistics and Finno-Ugric Studies Title: Charles Darwin and darwinism in Finnish Literature Supervisor: Mgr. Jan Dlask, Ph.D. Number of pagess: 68 Nubmber of characters: 118 580 Keywords: Charles Darwin, darwinism, social darwinism, Finnish Literature, race, heredity, social class This diploma deals with evolutionary theories of Charles Darwin and examines its arrival to Finland, its spreading there and mentions the first references in the Finnish periodicals, public and especially in literature during 1860-1920. The topic is viewed through a cultural-historical context which consists of influences of evolutionary theories, social darwinism, racial theories, heredity research, or distinctions between social classes. The special emphasis is placed on reflections of the main aspects of this context in the Finnish literature, mainly in the works of Minna Canth, T. Pakkala, L. Onerva, Toivo Tarvas and Maila Talvio.
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Biogeography and specificity of Asterochloris photobionts
Řídká, Tereza ; Škaloud, Pavel (advisor) ; Vondrák, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis has focused on the diversity and biogeography of Asterochloris photobionts. Since no study so far has been published on the biogeography of symbiotic microorganisms, the presented thesis is the first attemp to trace the biogeographic distribution and endemism of symbionts. By gathering 121 Asterochloris sequences obtained from lichen thalli sampled outside Europe and America, the diversity within the genus increased dramatically. The phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated alignment of ITS rDNA and actin sequences obtained from Cladonia and Stereocaulon photobionts revealed 28 differently supported clades. Of them, eight lineages were newly discovered. Three environmental factors explaining the best the distribution pattern of Asterochloris photobionts were selected according to the statistical tests of the phylogenetic signal: two different types of biogeographical ecoregions and the substrate type. In general, the genus Asterochloris is distributed cosmopolitally, with a very low rate of endemism. Newly obtained data indicate that the restricted distribution of any photobiont clade is not caused by either historic or biological factors, but more likely by specific climatic or habitat preferences.
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Position of Minorities in the U.S. Labor Market
Svoboda, Jan ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Avdulaj, Krenar (referee)
This thesis deals with the phenomenon of racial discrimination in the U.S. labor market. The first part outlines the existing theories of discrimination and history of immigrants' residence in the U.S. It also brings some statistics from the U.S. labor market and finally reviews some literature in the field of labor market discrimination. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the empirical analysis of wage discrimination in the U.S. using the American Community Survey 1980 and 2007. With the help of Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition we break down the log-wage differential between whites and other racial groups into two parts. The first, explained, part is the part of the differential that can be explained by differences in average race characteristics. The other, unexplained, part is the part of the differential that remained unexplained. That part is then assigned as a result of discrimination. We find that while in 1980 Asians earned on average 5% more than whites, by 2007 this difference reached 15%. 15% - 21% of this difference remained unexplained. The opposite situation is observed in the case of Hispanics and Blacks. While in 1980 both, Hispanics and Afro-Americans, had on average 10% lower wage than whites, by 2007 this difference reached as much as 30%. In case of Afro-Americans, 50% -...
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Toni Morrison's Sula: Individuality as the Driving Element in the Development of the Society
Mazourková, Tereza ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
This thesis proceeds from the Toni Morrison's novel Sula and it mainly concentrates on a mutual relationship between an individual and society as reflected in the book. It consists of two main parts. The first one describes some aspects of the African-American history; the second one focuses on the individual characters in Sula and analyzes the Bottom society, charted against principles of US society in general. Individuality as the basic point of this thesis is shown as the moving element in the development of the society that also gives the direction of that development. Relationship between an individual and society is considered dialectic - on one hand, particular individuals participate in the development of the society, destroy stereotypes and violate dogmas; on the other hand, these people are often subdued and limited for the sake of the proper functioning of the society. Primary basis of this work is an assumption of the necessity of individual driving elements in the society for its (social) ceaseless development and subjectivism as the basic point of view on human existence. Key words: human being, gender, race, society, subjectivism, womanism.
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The poetics of the Czech nationalism and the policy of identity of the Czech Jews between nation, race and class (1876-1921)
Strobach, Vít ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Frankl, Michal (referee) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
The thesis submitted by me deals with two interconnected problems. The first part of the text consists of an analysis of changes of the Czech nationalistic discourse, with an emphasis on periods of political crises in the years 1897 - 1899 and 1918 - 1920. I attempt, primarily, to picture the importance of racial analysis - a transcription of nationalistic discourses into biological terms on the background of the struggle for recognition of those public spheres which tried, at the end of the 19th century, to enter the political space defined as the Czech national society. Racial analysis became, within the discourse, one of the strategies of this struggle for recognition and means of expression of opposition against the liberal conception of equality and the state that represented such a liberal order (i.e. the Austro-Hungarian monarchy). Following the First World War, the function of racial analysis changed: this time, racial war discourses helped to preserve the integrity of the national state and the notion of a common national interest. In the second part, which is more analytical and extensive, I try to explain how the modern policy of the Jewish identity formed itself in the given political space. First, I outline the form and development of languages of political identity integrating liberal and...
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Demographic differentiation of states of the USA
Hájková, Sylva ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
This thesis deals with differences between individual states of the United States from the demographic point of view, and searches for causes of these differences. United States are composed of several disparate areas, which are different from each other in their location, size, number and composition of the population, and historical evolution. All this affects the demographic characteristics of those territorial units. Probably the main cause of differentiation of individual states is racial composition, since the intensity of demographic events is specific to each race or ethnicity. The states differ in levels of fertility, mortality, marriage or education. To confirm these assumptions, the statistical method canonical correlation was used. Using cluster analysis has revealed that there are groups of states that have similar demographic profile. Most notably, it shows the influence of ethnic and racial composition in the south of the United States, where the highest proportion of populations is composed by black race and hispanic origin. The differentiation of levels of infant mortality and life expectancy are mainly influenced. Key words: United States of America, race, ethnicity, black population, hispanic population, total fertility rate, life expectancy, canonical correlation, cluster analysis
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Campaigns against Racism
ROŽNÍČKOVÁ, Iveta
The submitted diploma thesis "Campaigns against racism" is focused on the analysis of comments which appears on webpage www.youtube.com at videos that contain campaigns against racism. The aim of this diploma thesis is the analysis of the reflexion of the comments that are the contributions under video campaigns against racism on web pages. From the above mentioned goal I determined the following research question: What effect do the campaigns against racism have on the citizens of the Czech Republic? The primary file was formed by comments of www.youtube.com web pages users. The contributors of these comments are a specific group which lay stress on their anonymity. This diploma thesis was to show the understanding of perception of the Roma situation in the Czech Republic. Furthermore it aimed to shed light on which attitude towards the Roma minority Czech inhabitants have.
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Opinions of Novohradsko region citizens on the voluntary immigration of foreigners to the Czech republic and their social integration.
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor´s thesis deals with the study of the views of the Czech population, more precisely the citizens in Novohradsko region to immigration to the Czech Republic. We came to an interesting conclusion that the citizens in Novohradsko region that we worked in our work with, have not gone along with this issue yet. It also indicates that some individuals have xenophobic attitudes and try to avoid answering the questions related to immigration. People have different attitudes to individual groups of immigrants, and these attitudes are distinguished according to how the foreigners are able to adapt and blend in with the surroundings. They are neutral in relation to their ethnic relatives- Slovaks and Poles. They are, however, negative towards individuals of other ethnic and culture. The immigration of foreigners to the Czech Republic is still increasing. How can the Czech population see the arrival of immigrants? The results of our research confirmed that foreigners are perceived more positively. Their arrival is not completely avoided the people welcome more those foreigners who are able to apply to the labour market, to learn English and adopt a Bohemian way of life. The research part of the thesis will be implemented as the investigation and interviews with respondents. I will prepare the obtained data to be able to verify given hypothesis. The respondents are the citizens of the Czech Republic in Novohradsko region.
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Racial prejudice of social workers
DEJMKOVÁ, Vladimíra
This thesis is focus on attitudes of social workers to racial prejudice, especially in personal and professional life. The theoretical part defines the main terms within topic of work, such as race, prejudice, social worker and describes differences between terms of race, ethnicity and nation. The practical part is processed by quantitative method, namely by questionnaire survey. The social workers from the employment offices and from Non-Governmental Organization in Vysočina region are the respondents of survey. After that the obtained data are analyzed and interpreted. Though the social workers can not express officially their racial or other prejudice in their profession, their point of view on this social problem can be different in their personal life. Then it depends only on how professional they can be in their specialization.
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