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New topics in biology and their transfer to biological education
Petrová, Ivana ; Dvořáková, Zuzana (referee) ; Švecová, Milada (advisor)
New topics in biology and their transfer to biological education. We used pluripotent stem cells as a model because this topic of divelopmental biology is very propular today. Topic was chosen based on current general education program and school educational program. In general society, we can ancounter very diffrentiated opinions on this very promising branch of biomedical research. Individula opinions depend on personal experience, cultural background, faith a many other factors. This work is planed as starting point for diploma work. In this diploma work, the education program will be created. In this program, the basic knowledge on creation and usage of pluripotent stem cells will be provided to the students. Based on this knowledge, students will form their own opinion on pluripotent stem cell. Modified materials from European program Decide will be used.
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Vliv teploty vody a intenzity světla na raný vývoj sumečka afrického v komerčním chovu
PROKEŠOVÁ, Markéta
The successful production of quality early fish stages is crucial for artificial rearing fish species. Nevertheless, it is quite a problematic process, because fish as poikilothermic organisms are highly sensitive to various environmental conditions. Moreover, both fish embryos and larvae are more affected by biotic and abiotic factors (such as predation, stocking density, temperature, light, pH, salinity, oxygen saturation, feeding availability, or their interactions) than older juveniles or adults. Most fish processes such as reproduction, metabolism, survival, development and growth can be considerably (positively, negatively or not) influenced by these conditions. Therefore, it is important to understand their impacts on fish stages during embryonic, larval, juvenile, adult, and eventually the senescent period. Then, following the application of new knowledge to the practise, especially species- and age-specific optimal conditions, should result in higher survival, better growth rate, well developed fish without deformities and lower cannibalism. The objectives of the present thesis were to assess the effect of water temperature and light intensity on the early development (embryonic and larval period) of African sharptooth catfish as a perspective fish species for freshwater intensive aquaculture. Due to its great characteristics (for instance fast growth, ability to breathe atmospheric air, rearing at high stocking density) this species can meaningfully contribute to the global aquaculture production which is expected to rise in the coming years. However, there are still some difficulties in the early rearing African sharptooth catfish regarding the cannibalism, feeding, survival and necessity of detailed information about the effects of some abiotic factors and their interactions.
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Infertility and assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic
Dolejšová, Lucie ; Slaboch, Martin (advisor) ; Bredárová, Kristina (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on infertility and artificial insemination in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part contains infertility, its causes, genital organs and examinations for infertility. Another part is devoted mainly to methods of assisted reproduction, specifically the description of each method and procedure of artificial insemination. The final part describes egg donation, sperm and embryos, and also the financial aspect of the entire process. In the practical part questionnaires were filled in by the general public, which focused on the issue of infertility and donations. In another part were made interviews with women who have experiences at least one of the methods of artificial insemination. The replies were collected and analyzed in the chapter of the practices.
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In vitro embryo production in horses
Babická, Dominika ; Šichtař, Jiří (advisor) ; Šimoník, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this work is to write a literature review covering the latest findings in the field of in vitro embryo production in horses. In order to perform in vitro embryo production, you first need to know the anatomy of a mare and management of sexual activity. Reproductive systém of mares consists of two ovaries, two oviducts, uterus, vagina and vulva. Unlike other livestock, the development of oocytes is in the cortex of the ovary. Sexual activity is driven neurohumoral and production of hormone is ensured by the central nervous system and endocrine glands.
For in vitro embryo production must be obtained first oocytes. These are collected from either the living or the dead mares. For live mares are used ovum pick up (OPU, transvaginal ultrasound guided aspiration), standing flank laparotomy or transcutaneous flank puncture. OPU is a noninvasive method, where each follicle is flushed several times, and in the obtained solution is looked for oocytes. Invasive, but a very successful method for obtaining oocytes is transcutaneous flank puncture. There are three ways for collecting oocytes from abbatoir ovaries - either by slicing ovaries or curettage or aspiration. Very good results in amounts of obtained oocytes was proved by slicing ovaries. First, after collecting oocytes must be sorted according to cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) on compact, expanded or degenerating oocytes. Compact and expanded oocytes are distinguished under a microscope based on the morphology of the edges of this COC. Compact oocytes have a clear line margins, while margins of expanded oocytes are deformed and have heterogeneous cytoplasm. Best results for the production of embryos exhibit expanded oocytes. First, it has to be matured in the medium to the stage of MII. The culture system for oocyte maturation consists of the M199 with Earl's salts, 10% fetal bovine serum and 5 mU - ml of bovine follicle stimulating hormone in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 38.2 ° C. It was found out that regardless of the duration of cultivation, results of development of blastocysts after 24 or 48 hours were the same.
Standard IVF in horses can not be performed due to the zona pellucida and sperm capacitation. Therefore it is used intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), when one immobilized sperm is injected directly into the oocyte. Before ICSI sperm capacitation must be done by using the calcium ionophore. Oocytes were further cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage. Another possibility is to transfer the fertilized oocyte directly to the uterine horn of the mare, or it is used cryopreservation for future.
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X-ray computed tomography of mouse embryo
Šejnohová, Marie ; Walek, Petr (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
The aim of this semestral thesis is to compare the possibilities of available micro-CT systems. Theoretic part of this thesis there deals with possibilities of staining soft tissues and embryos because of enhancement the contrast of micro-CT images. Here follows a description of sources X-ray and detectors of available micro-CT systems. In practice there was realized the staining of embryo in cooperation with Department of histology and embryology in Brno. Then followed a measuring on FSI in Brno, ČVUT in Prague and synchrotron Elettra in Italy. In semestral thesis are described of the thesis there are compared the micro-CT systems and results of measuring embryos by means of presented systems and results are compared.The best results were obtained on micro-CT in Brno, where X-ray tube and flat panel detector were used. This images were used for a segmentation of cartilage olfactory system by means of 3D region growing. From results they were created 3D models for comparison with a manually segmented model. A less accurate results were obtain with the semi-automatic segmentation but this method isn’t too time-consuming.
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The Case
Svobodová, Hana ; Šrek Bromová, Veronika (referee) ; Gabriel, Michal (advisor)
I assume huddled topic that I put into my past work as well as in final work. Casting my body, which is covered with feathers and create a cocoon of him, husk without the interior. Sculpture has two sides, the principle of duality, femininity and counterpart. Outer packaging evokes pleasant birdlike body surface and in the inner part aggressively squeeze ends of the wicks feathers.
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Psychologic and Medical Aspects of Prental Period Care
BERKIOVÁ, Eva
The work is focused on pregnancy period which is a unique life event for a woman. Pregnancy puts on her more demands which she has to meet. Living through troublefree period of pregnancy is closely linked to healthy nutrition, high quality prenatal care, passing courses for pregnant women and of course to understanding and support from close people.
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