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Prediction error in non-life claims reserves
Divišová, Kateřina ; Justová, Iva (advisor) ; Mandl, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with a description of three claims reserving methods - with stochastic models for Chain ladder, Bornhuetter/Ferguson and multiplicative method. There are mentioned their assumptions, parameter estimates, their properties and formulas for loss reserves in the first part. The second part of the text is devoted to formulas for the mean squared error of prediction and its estimate. Finally, a numerical example shows comparison of these methods.
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Comparison of energy expenditure, puls rate and subjective perception of during road march with attached weight and without attached weight in winter conditions.
Částka, Lukáš ; Vágner, Michal (advisor) ; Sýkora, Karel (referee)
Title of the work: Comparison of energy expenditure, pulse rate and subjective perception of during road march with attached weight and without attached weight in winter conditions. The work tries to focus on comparing of physiological parameters during military road March. The aim of this bachelor work is to compare and to find out more about physiological strain of research group of soldiers during road March with or without loading. The group of 10 soldiers is made by the students of military department of faculty of sports and education Charles University from Prague. This research group was tested during the three periods. In the first period the group was tested during 10 km walking March without loading. In the second period the group was tested with the loading of 15 kg and in the third period with the loading of 25 kg. The aim of the work is to compare the outlay of energy, cardial rate and the subjective feeling of the strain during walking tours with or without loading. To find out the pulse rate I used as a tool the sport testers and to find out the subjective feeling of the strain I decided to use the adjusted Borg scale. The outlay of energy was calculated from the entrance data of the tested people and from the measuring pulse rate. The results: From the recorded data we can find out...
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Influence of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammatory markers in patients on long-term parenteral nutrition
Svěchová, Hana ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
SMOFLipid® is a commonly used fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition. We investigated how enrichment of SMOFLipid® with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a form of second fat emulsion, Omegaven® , changes fatty acid composition of total plasma phospholipids and erythrocyte phospholipids, cytokine concentrations in serum and in supernatant from in vitro whole blood culture stimulated with lipopolasaccharide (LPS) and we evaluated also changes in oxido- reductive balance. Eight patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition recieved both emulsions, SMOFLipid® (6 weeks) and SMOFLipid® +Omegaven® (4 weeks), one by one. We observed no significant differences in common laboratory and clinical parameters between these two types of diet. Enrichment of SMOFLipid® with Omegaven® led to an increase in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in total plasma phospholipids and there was also an increse in proportion of EPA in erythrocyte phospholipids, while proportion of DHA remained unchanged. These changes were in both phospholipids of plasma and erythrocyte compensated for a decrease in proportion of linoleic and arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA). There were elevated IL-6 and TNF-α serum concentrations in patients after both diets. There was a decrease in IL-6 production by 36% with SMOFLipid®...
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Optimal tax system
Podobský, Petr ; Lipka, David (advisor) ; Antoš, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to find the optimal tax system based on the employees taxation model. The basic question is how the tax system influences the work supply and how it changes the wealth distribution. The model uses the distribution of gross monthly wages from ČSÚ data. In the first part there is an introduction of tax theory. In the second part there is a definition of optimal tax system. In the third part there is a description of tax model and its parameters are defined. In the fourth part there is a presentation of the results of the model taxation. The last part of the thesis chooses the optimal tax system. The thesis comes to a conclusion that the optimal tax system is presented by a proportional taxation due its lowest loss of product. The change of wealth distribution should be realized by transfers.
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Shape changes in the axial system during respiration
Slawiková, Eliška ; Šorfová, Monika (advisor) ; Dudová, Agnieszka (referee)
The name of the work: Shape changes in the axial system during respiration Goal of the work: the main objective is to perform a case study of brass parameters and changes the shape of the trunk during the ventilation maneuver, prepare the correct methodology of research and to conduct separate measurements. The thesis will be divided into two parts, the first will contain the theoretical background to the subject, in the second part will then be described by the research, where I measured the change in the volume of the lungs in relation to time, assess the impact of implemented ventilation maneuver on the individual probands and examine the respiratory dynamics in selected ventilation maneuver. Methods: in the framework of the fulfilment of the tasks of this work have been carried out experiments with the use of 3D kinematic record with Qualisys and spirometric measurement. The experiment involved three probands aged 20 to 40 specific common features. Each of the proband performed during the measurement of quiet breathing, maximum inhalation and exhalation and ventilation maneuver. Measurements were carried out in one day under standard conditions, measurements made on the day of probands quiet breathing, maximum inhalation and exhalation and ventilation maneuver (5 min total). Data records were...
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Optimization of conditions for derivatization of fatty acids and perfluorinated organic acids with methylchloroformate
Hložek, Tomáš ; Feltl, Ladislav (referee) ; Čabala, Radomír (advisor)
Statistical methods designed for optimization were applied for selection of optimal experimental conditions of derivatization process for perfluorinated acids, PFA (C8, C10 ,C12), fatty acids, FA (C8, C12, C14) and their mixtures. The calibration curves and the extraction efficiences for system acetonitrile/heptane were measured for all studied acids. The Plackett-Burman screening was performed for obtaining the significant experimental parameters from their original series and significant ones were remitted to optimization via central composite design, which takes a second order effects and mutual interactions in between parameters into account. Optimal conditions of derivatization were found for PFA, FA and their mixtures. The principle of the search of optimal selective derivatization conditions for one group of acids in the presence of the other is based on the search of optimum on the response surface where the dependent variable is either sum or difference of acid group responses normalized to common internal standard. It was found that FA influence total response more than PFA and that in the case of demand for selective derivatization of PFA in the presence of FA in the sample, the most significant parameter is the volume of methylchloroformate added. The complete selectivity of...
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Ptinciples of semiotic analysis of comics
Přibyláková, Martina ; Nekvapil, Jiří (referee) ; Palek, Bohumil (advisor)
The first part of the thesis is concerned with the theory of comics. The author considers the concept of graphic space of comics as a basic notion of the presented theory. On the basis of graphic space it is possible to introduce the individual concepts of the comics theory, namely comics sign, comics word, comics image. The author introduces the new concept of "prototypic" comics scheme which serves as the basis for comparative analysis of an old Czech comics Rychlé šípy with modern adult comics. The concept of comics image is viewed by some theoretical approaches of pictorial semiotics (Eco, Goodman, Snesson), and Peirce's general semiotics, and film semiotics. The comics image is defined as rhytmical plural multidimensional comics structure. The thesis is concerned with its various structural dimensions and their units. In the second part, some of the theoretical concepts introduced in the first part are applied in the comparative analysis, which focuses on some devices used in a famous old Czech comics Rychlé šípy by J. Foglar, and in modern adult comics (the corpus of the chosen Czech and worldwide comics is included in the present work). The parameters for the comparison are: comics cover, graphic space, comics time, interiorisation and animisation of exterior, chromatic coding, picture-verbal...
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Study of factors influencing the function of MntH, membrane transport protein of E. coli
Jurková, Ingrid ; Urbánková, Eva (advisor) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
MntH belongs to the Nramp family of transport proteins, and plays an important role not only in homeostasis of iron and manganese, but also in bacterial defence against the immunity response of an infected host cell. MntH co-transports divalent metal ions into the cell together with protons with a stoichiometry dependent on the membrane potential and extracellular pH. Using the redistribution potential dye diS-C3(3), we measured the effects of MNTH expression and MntH-mediated metal transport on the cell membrane potential and intracellular pH. Cells expressing MNTH were found to be hyperpolarised and their membrane potential was depolarised upon the addition of metal ions. In the theoretical part of our work, we explored general four-, six-, and eight-state carrier models that were modified by introducing the voltage dependence of all rate constants. Using mathematical modelling, we simulated the effect of various model parameters (including membrane potential, substrate concentration, and carrier or substrate charge) on substrate influx. We observed some of the transport characteristics described for MntH proteins such as variable symport stoichiometry that is influenced by the membrane potential and pH. However, for a more detailed simulation of the eight-state carrier model, more information about...
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Biomass for power plants in the off-grid operation
Roule, Jaroslav ; Radil, Lukáš (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discusses the use of biomass for electricity island operation. The first chapter explains the concept of biomass and its distribution. It also shows the potential and availability of biomass. The second chapter describes the transformation of biomass into a suitable fuel form. The third to fifth chapter describes the conversion of biomass as a fuel into electrical energy through combustion, Stirling and steam engine. In these chapters there are brought the following parameters and prices of these motors and single-phase and three-phase alternators that can be connected to these engines. Other chapters describe the production of electricity in line with consumption, where the cost per hour to run engines for the various types of fuel and price of the electricity produced in kilowatt hours is calculated. In the last chapter of the thesis there is described the possibility of accumulation of electrical energy.
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Estimation of the Location of Zeros of Regression Functions
Juríček, Jozef ; Zvára, Karel (referee) ; Hlávka, Zdeněk (advisor)
The main interest of this master thesis is the estimation of location of zeros of the regression function and its derivatives by the parametric and nonparametric method. The first section includes either linear and nonlinear regression model of the parametric methods. The estimators are then based on the estimates of parameters. The second part includes nonparametric regression model - kernel estimators of the regression function and its derivatives investigated by Gasser and Müller. Especially, the limit distributions of the estimators of zeros and the choice of smoothing parameter and kernel function are studied. Confidence bands for zeros of regression function and its derivatives are constructed in both sections. Models are studied with independent as well as correlated errors. This master thesis o®ers examples to particular sections that are computed with software R and also sources of some programmed functions.
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