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Expression and function of molecules of innate system in embryonal phagocytes
Vavrochová, Tereza ; Filipp, Dominik (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Phagocytes of an early embryo represent a mixture of myeloid lineages that differ from adult macrophages phenotypically, biochemically and by their origin. Recent studies suggested that there are at least three waves of macrophages populating the early embryo: a maternally-derived one and two waves of extraembryonic, YS-derived origin. In addition, the occurence of early embryonic phagocytes of undetermined origin in developing anterior head mesoderm in evolutionary distinct species is well documented. This origin-related heterogeneity among early embryonic phagocyte subpopulations coupled with the lack of specific markers makes it difficult to distinguish them phenotypically and study their potentially distinct physiological roles in early development. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize a set of novel markers suitable for identification of embryonic phagocytes. Here, using qRT-PCR approach, we have established the kinetics of expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs) and their TIR-domain containing adaptors during early embryogenesis (E7.5-E12.5) and demonstrate that their major cellular source are indeed phagocytes. Using whole-mount embryo immunohistochemistry we also show that negative regulator of TLR signaling Sigirr is expressed during very early stages of mouse...
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Cytoplasmic membrane adaptation to surfactin in Bacillus subtilis non-producing strain
Stružinská, Olga ; Svobodová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Fišer, Radovan (referee)
Cytoplasmic membrane adaptation to surfactin in Bacillus subtilis 168 non-producing strain Surfactin, the most potent surface active compound and antibiotic is produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus. Surfactin interacts with membrane bilayers, that results in destabilization and permeabilization of this structure. However mechanism of surfactin self-resistance in the producer's membrane is not understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the adaptive processes occurring at the level of cytoplasmic membrane of surfactin non-producing strain B. subtilis 168, which was exposed to exogenously added surfactin during the exponential phase of growth. The cultivation protocol of B. subtilis growth on agar media plates supplemented with surfactin was developed. Two surfactin concentrations that inhibit (400 g/ml) and even stimulate (300 g/ml) the growth of B. subtilis 168 strain were assessed. Surfactin brought about the growth arrest for 3 hours and the restored growth rate decreased in the case of inhibitory concentration, whereas the stimulatory concentration increased the growth rate and resulted in higher final density of the population. TLC was performed to analyze the polar head groups of membrane phospholipids. The portion of phosphatidylserine was found to increase at both surfactin...
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Preferences of urban teenagers' leisure time spending: microculture of ?mall junkies? in the space of shopping mall
Radová, Lucie ; Šiftová, Jana (advisor) ; Fialová, Dana (referee)
This thesis focuses on leisure time activities and places, which are prefered by urban teenagers for spending their leisure time. My first objective is to focus on a new trend in the sphere of spending leisure time of contemporary teenagers, thereby the passive leisure time spending in large shopping malls. Nowadays shopping malls are very fashionable places for realization of leisure time activities, not only among youth. Teenagers play the pivotal role in my work, because this group of population predestines - to a certain degree - the future evolution in a society. The main aim is to understand why teenagers spend their leisure time this way and find out, what leads them to the passivity in realization of their leisure time activities. What brings them this way of spending their leisure time and what is specific for the space of shopping mall, where they spend their leisure time. I want to understand spatial aspects of using in this micro-space of shopping mall and as well as I want to recognize the role of wider social context. I selected two shopping malls in Prague for my research: Centrum Chodov and Palác Flora. Questionnaire survey, participant observation and in-depth interviews were realized. These malls are not selected randomly, but on the basis of the field research, which preceded to...
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Mobile Phone Location Data: Possibilities of Use in Geographical Research
Novák, Jakub
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science Department of Social Geography and Regional Development Jakub Novák MOBILE PHONE LOCATION DATA: POSSIBILITIES OF USE IN GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH Synopsis of PhD Thesis Prague 2010 Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Zdeněk Čermák Jakub Novák Synopsis of PhD Thesis 1 Jakub Novák Synopsis of PhD Thesis 2 INTRODUCTION Spatial mobility of world population has been unbelievably changing during the last decades. People from poor countries are moving thousands of kilometers to developed countries with the vision of material prosperity. Airplanes transport thousands of people in hours to places, where people had travelled much longer recently. Similarly, also an ordinary weekday is for the majority of population connected with relatively long moves between different places of daily activities. Traveling between home, work, kindergartens and schools, shops and leisure activities takes the significant part of our daytime. To capture the measureless amount of particular human creatures in their day-to-day moves through time and space seems to be almost impossible. In fact, it is not so unrealistic. Currently, we are surrounded by a number of electronic devices, which dispose with information about its location or record moving objects in their vicinity. Mobile phone is one of such...
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The incidence of heparin resistance in patients operated with the use of extracorporeal circulation
Brzek, Vladimír ; Harrer, Jan (advisor) ; Tošovský, Jan (referee) ; Gwoździewicz, Marek (referee)
Heparin resistance occurs in about 20% of population. In that case, after application of a usual dose of heparin (2-3 mg/kg) ACT will not be sufficiently extended. Aim: To determine the real incidence of heparin resistance in patients scheduled for a cardiac surgical procedure. To determine whether there is an association between preoperative treatment with heparin and the incidence of heparin resistance. Also, to establish whether there is an association between platelet count, patients' age, and heparin resistance. Patients and methods: A total of 624 patients scheduled for on-pump surgery were included into a prospective study over a period of three years. Preoperative and intraoperative activated clotting time (ACT) values were recorded. Additionally, four factors referred to in the relevant literature as potential causes of developing heparin resistance were monitored in all patients: age 65 years, preoperative platelet count ≥ 300 × 109/l, preoperative administration of various types of heparin, antithrombin concentration ≤ 60%, and a combination of all. Patients were considered heparin-resistant if a heparin dose ≥ 5 mg/kg had not produced an anticoagulation response with ACT ≥ 480 s. Our data were evaluated using the test of agreement of relative frequency and the χ2 test. Results: In our...
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Resilience of preschool children from drug-addicted mothers
Beranová, Dagmar ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
The subject matter of my thesis is psychical resistibility of the children who grows with mother using nonalcoholic drugs. The desk research considers problems of the mothers using nonalcoholic drugs and recognizes the effects and factors touching their unborn and already born child. The second part of my thesis is focused to child who grows in problematical family and after-effects and consequences arising there from. The end of my desk research is attended to their psychic resistance focused on resilience and concept of personally perceived efficiency. In the empirical part of my thesis I summarize the qualitative research based on combination of methods as observation, interview and questionary. To be specific, in my research I am focused to the psychical resistibility of the preschool children who grows with mother using nonalcoholic drugs. Thereinafter the empirical part is focused to chosen protective resilient factors which are influencing and affecting psychical resistibility of these children. It flows from results of my work, that my sample of preschool children of the nonalcoholic drug dependent mothers has lower psychic resilience than preschool children from the current population. The results showed furthermore, that emotional relationship and fixation to the other person boost the...
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Heuristic Algorithms in Optimization
Komínek, Jan ; Šeda, Miloš (referee) ; Roupec, Jan (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with genetic algorithms and their properties. Particular emphasis is placed on finding the influence of mutation and population size. Genetic algorithms are applied on inverse heat conduction problems (IHCP) in the second part of the thesis. Several different approaches and coding methods were tested. Properties of genetic algorithms were improved by definition of two new genetic operators – manipulation and sorting. Reported theoretical findings were tested on the real data of inverse heat conduction problem. The library for easy implementation of GA for solving general optimization problems in C ++ was created and is described in the last chapter.
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The subjective perception of quality of life by chronically ill patients
MOZOROVÁ, Jitka
This bachelor work focuses on the quality of life of chronically ill patients from the point of view of their subjectively perceived life satisfaction and meaningfulness of life. The theoretical part is devoted to mapping out the term quality of life. It investigates the development of the term, the differences in the outlook on the term by various science disciplines and fields, the difficulties of scientific definition of the term and the ways of evaluation and measuring. Individual chapters are devoted to the quality of life in the health care system, to the psychological outlook on the quality of life and to the problems of quality of life and meaning of life. The aim of the work was to establish the extent of satisfaction with life and some of its parts of chronically ill patients and to compare the results with a sample of healthy population. The parts of life in question were defined in advance and they were: mood, work, family relationships, free time, social life, relationship with a partner. The research was carried out using a quantitative method of an anonymous questionnaire. The sample consisted of 30 patients of the Cooperative Rehabilitation Ambulance of MUDr. Veselý in Třebíč. This sample was compared with a sample of 30 randomly selected representatives of healthy population. The research results show that the extent of life satisfaction of chronically ill patients is not significantly lower than that of healthy population. State of health is therefore not the most important factor determining the quality of life. Satisfaction with relationships in the family and with relationship with one{\crq}s partner, positive self-appraisal and feelings of meaningfulness of life play a much more important role at subjective evaluation of quality of life. It is important to take into account a whole set of indicators when measuring the quality of life. It is important to investigate especially subjective factors which indicate how people themselves evaluate their lives.
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Mobbing and Bossing as a Modern Problem
Seidlová, Renata ; Kaczor, Pavel (advisor) ; Černá, Dagmar (referee)
A bachelor's thesis describes mobbing and bossing as a pathological phenomen of a modern society and it is looking for ways how to spread information about this psychological terror among people. The theoretical part deals with the issue of mobbing and bossing, defining the terms, describing their causes, phases and tactics and subsequent health results. The work includes graphs and charts for better understanding and comparison of dates and some information of publications and questionnaires. The practical part deals with analysis of the appearance of mobbing and bossing in Kutna Hora locality. The aim of this thesis is a description and characteristic of terms, characters of a mobber and wictims, tactics of achieving of mobbing and bossing and the possibility of prevention or defense. It is necessary to remark that mobbing and bossing are long-term issues that can not be explained or resolved in the only thesis. The dates are approximate, corresponding to only a small sample of the population.
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