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Equipment for Thickening Waste Water from Biogas Plants
Vondra, Marek ; Bébar, Ladislav (referee) ; Hoffman,, Pavel (referee) ; Stehlík, Petr (advisor)
This dissertation thesis deals with the development of technology which could tackle two major issues related to biogas plants. These issues concern the insufficient use of waste heat from biogas combustion and its subsequent processing. It also concerns the use of the fermentation residues which are formed in large quantities and whose use is restricted by law. Based on a literary search of separation methods, a vacuum evaporator was selected as the most suitable technology. Its advantages include its simple construction, operational reliability and robustness, low costs of thickening medium pre-treatment, potential for a quick commercial application and, especially, the chance to use a low-potential waste heat. A primary purpose of this technological unit is the reduction in the volume of fermentation residues. Other benefits include the efficient use of waste heat from a biogas plant, which would otherwise be wasted. Evaporators with a low consumption of electrical energy (which is a main product of a biogas plant) seem to be the best option for applications in the biogas plants. Three of these technologies were subjected to a more thorough analysis, which included the development of computational models and their quantification for conditions in a sample biogas plant. A one-stage evaporator with a forced circulation (680 – 712 kWhth/m3, 25.9 – 30.5 kWhel/m3) was evaluated as the least suitable option in terms of energy demands. The energy intensity of a three-stage evaporator with a falling film (241 – 319 kWhth/m3, 12.0 – 23.6 kWhel/m3) and a nine-stage flash evaporator (236 – 268 kWhth/m3, 13.6 – 18.4 kWhel/m3) is significantly lower. A multi-stage flash evaporator (MSF) was then chosen for development and will form the central focus of this thesis. The reasons for the choice are as follows: the low requirements on the heat transfer surface, good operational experience in the field of desalination, its simple construction, modularity and evaporation outside the heat transfer surface. A thorough technical-economic evaluation was also performed on the integration of the evaporator into the biogas plant. The main part of the work included the experimental development of a MSF evaporator prototype. The main objective of this development was to achieve a stable flow rate of the thickening liquid digestate fraction and the continuous formation of the distillate. This was not an easy objective to achieve, especially due to the properties of the liquid digestate, which has a non-newtonian characteristic and increased density and viscosity compared to water. The tendency of the liquid digestate to form foam was also the subject of analysis. The development of the evaporator and first successful operational test are described in the thesis in detail. This required the use of an anti-foaming product. A fully-developed prototype of the MSF evaporator allowed us to achieve continuous operation with a distillate production, reaching from 5 to 10 kg/h at a liquid digestate flow rate of 0.4–0.5 m3/h. The main drawback of this technology is the pollution of the distillate with ammonia nitrogen, and it is for this reason that the basic procedures of its subsequent elimination was selected for further analysis.
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The Spirituality of the Lay and the New Church Movements
Bukovský, Lukáš ; Kohut, Pavel Vojtěch (advisor) ; Křížek, Petr (referee)
Anglická anotace Summary Spirituality of laymen and new church movements Bachelor study, named "Spirituality of laymen and new church movements" is describing incresement of laymen`s sense, especially after The Second Vatican`s Council and their spirituality, which is more and more realised in new church movements and communities. Study advancing through the continuity of themes, which are stepwise describing and defining main points of the laymen`s spirituality and new church movements. Conclusion of this study describes common activity of new movements and communities in Czech republic. Key words Spirituality, laymen, new movements, new evangelization, Pentecost.
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Surveillance of bacterial strains producing broad-spectrum beta-lactamase.
VLASOVÁ, Martina
In the first part of my thesis I focus on mapping problems associated with antibiotic therapy and subsequent development of antibiotic resistance. Tracking resistance is based primarily on data collection and evaluation of the results set sensitivity from around the world. Antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon that can be observed in the evolution of microbes as one of the mechanisms of adaptation to new conditions in the environment. For this work I have chosen the following research questions. Do the incidence of ESBL strains in the České Budějovice Hospital a.s. increase over time? Are these values comparable to those achieved in another region, namely in Moravian hospitals the University Hospital of Olomouc, Ostrava University Hospital and Regional University Hospital of T. Bata in Zlin? The data collection I made in collaboration with the laboratory technicians and doctors at Hospital?s Bacteriology Laboratory in České Budějovice. Bacteries tested for the detection of ESBL production originated from biological materials, witch came from patients of hospital in České Budějovice. The first objective was to compare the results achieved in the České Budějovice Hospital in the period of 2007 to 2012. If we look at the total number of ESBL strains that have been isolated since 2007, values have upward trend. While in 2007 there were only 64 strains a year later, the number more than doubled. In 2010, the value soared to 281 tribes and in the year 2012, the number was 321 tribes. The incidence of ESBL strains in 2007 increased about five times. In the long term we can say the numbers have increasing tendency and the range of each species in the production of ESBL has significantly changed. In 2007, it was K. pneumoniae strains that dominated the statistics, but over time the strains of E. coli came forefront. Values of 2012 suggest that the presence of ESBL strains of K. pneumoniae is again almost equal to the number of E. coli strains. The second objective was to compare the results of the 2012 with study of the Prevalence of ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae in large Moravian hospitals. In the general overview of ESBL producers values in Hospital České Budějovice (5.23%) are comparable to those in Ostrava (4.9%) and in Zlín (4.3%). Number of strains in the Hospital in Olomouc (11.8%) is about twice as high as the numbers in České Budějovice. In this comparison the České Budějovice Hospital is one of the hospitals with a lower incidence of ESBL producers. The České Budějovice Hospital is below the national average, which originate from an elaborate system of care for patients with colonization or infection with ESBL strains, and from therapy control system using antibiotic center. These results may serve to the Hospital in České Budějovice for statistical purposes, and also for proposals for improving patient care. In the discussion, I pointed out the danger of the spread of resistant strains of bacteria in the community and also the associated risks that mentioned bacteria mean for patients injured in mass accidents or disasters. In these cases, number of infections including ESBL producers can penetrate through open wounds into the affected body. Unlike conventional sensitive bacteria those strains are resistant to commonly used antibiotics and thereby endanger the lives of people affected by the accident.
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The Most Frequent Causes of the Failure of Foster Care in the Czech Republic 15 Years Ago and Today
Bláhová, Jana ; Pazlarová, Hana (advisor) ; Matoušek, Oldřich (referee)
BLÁHOVÁ, J. The Most Frequent Causes of Failure of Foster Care in the Czech Republic 15 Years ago and Today. Prague: Philosophical Faculty of Charles University in Prague, 2012, 114 pp. Diploma Thesis. The aim of my diploma thesis was to map the main cause which take part in premature end of foster care in our country. I have recorded this problematic since the year 1996 up to now. I have focused on definition and forms of foster care. Further on the process of its arrangement and the starting conditions which have an influence on foster care. I have introduced and compared the results of two big Czech studies which were devoted in this topic and were published in the interval of 15 years. Besides the failure cause of foster care on the foster parents side and children entrusted into a foster care and the system of alternative family care I have also focused on factors which contributes to its success on the other hand. In the practical part I have tried to get more deeply into the cause of foster care failure from the view of social workers from OSPOD. I was interested in what and how influences the foster care failure, how the system components of alternative family care and which changes social workers see as needed in the support of foster care success. It has been shown that the causes of its...
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"Zátka's grammar school" from 1884 - 1914 in the city of České Budějovice
SMETANOVÁ, Jiřina
This proposed thesis is dedicated to the development of "Zátka's grammar school" from 1884 - 1914 in the city of České Budějovice. The goal of this first work is to explore the establishment of this school that ceased educating youth more than half a century ago. The grammar school arose in response to the controversies among Czech-german society which influenced the education of the czech youth not only in the southern Bohemia but elsewhere. This thesis is based on thorough and careful studies of specialized literature and archival materials stored in the State District Archives in České Budějovice. It consists of nine chapters that are further divided into two major sections. The first chapter is dedicated to the history of the city of České Budějovice and the development of education in general, with special attention given to education within the city itself and to the well-known celebrity and initiator of the Czech grammar school, August Zátka. This section thus provides the historical context necessary for the ensuing chapters. The second part addresses the establishment and growth of the Czech grammar school in České Budějovice. Moreover, this part is especially dedicated not only to the students of the school, but also to the teachers who taught there during the period with which this thesis is concerned. Overall, this thesis offers new insights about the "great history" of the school: its origin, development, and importance, in particular, its establishment in the South Bohemian Region. Additionally, this thesis provides the reader with many interesting facts about the daily activities within the grammar school.
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Poskytování aplikací Microsoft Office formou terminálových služeb na
Lávička, Jan ; Bruckner, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šálek, Richard (referee)
V současném ekonomickém prostředí je velmi silný tlak na inovace jednotlivých softwarových výrobců, poskytovatelů služeb v oblasti IT či systémových integrátorů. Předmětem konkurenčního boje se nestává produkt nebo služba jako taková, ale i forma jejího zajištění a obchodní model, který definuje kvalitu a cenu pro zákazníka. V posledních letech zaznamenáváme vzestupnou tendenci výrobců / dodavatelů softwaru nabídnout dodávku software přímo formou služby tzv. Software as a Service neboli on-demand. Primárním cílem této diplomové práce je přispět k rozvoji teoretické základny modelů Software as s Service s hlavním zaměřením na oblast kancelářských aplikací pro segment malých a středně velkých firem.
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The Assessment of Pain by a Nurse and the Control of Post-operative Pain
Hanousková, Jana ; Chloubová, Helena (advisor) ; Di Cara, Veronika (referee)
This diploma work is focused on post-surgical pain. It lays out the role of a nurse in pain assessment, factors influencing post-surgical pain and ways of its controlling. It also publishes the results of the research organized in the surgical fields of the Central Military Hospital Prague in January and February 2006. The work is structured into two large parts, theoretical and empirical one. The diploma work underlines the importance of the team cooperation of all those who participate in pain management and in individualized complex nursing care for a patient in the past-surgical time period.
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The issue of backwardness of sub-Saharan Africa with special reference to the countries of the Great Lakes region.
Dudová, Jarmila ; Jeníček, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
Subsaharská Afrika čelí množství vzájemně propojených problémů, které jí znemožňují efektivní rozvoj jejího potenciálu a tedy i zdárné plnění cílů Miléniové deklarace. Těmito problémy jsou zejména rychlý růst obyvatel, který předčí tempo růstu HDP i zemědělské produkce, a tudíž má za důsledek zvyšující se počet chudých a hladovějících obyvatel a zhoršující se stav životního prostředí. Dalším problémem je vysoká negramotnost, která brání jak obecnému technologickému rozvoji společnosti, tak i zlepšení kvality života konkrétního jednotlivce. Rozvoji lidského potenciálu v subsaharské Africe stojí v cestě také zdravotní problémy, zejména šíření viru HIV. Na základě získaných poznatků lze jasně říci: situace v oblasti Velkých jezer je neradostná, ale ne neřešitelná. Velkým úspěchem je uklidnění bojů ve všech třech zemích. Hlavním cílem je tento stav udržet a zajistit bezpečnost v oblastech, které mohou být potenciálními zdroji nestability v regionu. Budoucí vývoj je stále do značné míry závislý na mezinárodní spolupráci.
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Environmental friendly behavior of company: Czech reality
Dvořák, Jiří Ing. ; Kovář, František (advisor) ; Hadrabová, Alena (referee) ; Linda, Bohdan (referee) ; Pokorný, Jan (referee)
Práce se zabývá otázkou vlivu managementu a ostatních stakeholderů na chování podnikatelské společnosti z hlediska jejího vlivu na životní prostředí. Současně je z tohoto pohledu porovnáno prostředí v České republice a v USA. Pomocí statistického vyhodnocení dotazníkových šetření byl osobní zájem managementu, a v menší míře i ostatních stakeholderů, o problematiku životního prostředí shledán klíčovým faktorem pro chování podnikatelské společnosti. Z tohoto pohledu nebyly zjištěny zásadní rozdíly mezi chováním společností z České republiky a z USA.
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