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Malware and comparison of antivirus products
Hamouzová, Aneta ; Luc, Ladislav (advisor) ; Novotný, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of possible danger in the Internet environment, namely malicious software. It is a variety of computer viruses, worms and Trojans that are comprehensively called malware. This risk should be closely monitored because its development is constantly moving forward and everyone should be familiar with this topic. The theoretical part includes the characteristics of malware - clarification of the concept and definition. The following part is history, which is described from initial ideas, the first malicious code in the 70's, and other well-known programs. It is led to the present day which is mainly focused on today's goals and direction of development of further malware. Next part involves the distribution of malware to basic, other special types and other such related forms. The final part describes the preventive and protective measures, and how to reveal and what to do if computer is infected. On this last section follows up a practical part, in which is analyzed antivirus protection, which is available in Czech and world market. Based on this analysis is done comparison of selected free antivirus programs. These are compared according to established criteria, such as web pages, installation, the use, user settings, appearance and ability to detect malware. The goal is to determine the safest and most comfortable user program. The result is used for ordinary users as possible support when they are choosing antivirus to their own computer.
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Knowledge of Pupils Secondary School in the Area of Selected Zoonoses
Svobodová, Barbora ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
The subject of the dissertation deals with the secondary school pupil's awareness of zoonoses. Zoonoses are the diseases transmited from animals to human beings. Those are one of the topics of biology study currently. The main aim of the dissertation is theoretical definition of the matter in the first place. For knowledge testing have been chosen these four illness: Toxoplasmosis, Lyme boreliossis, Rabies and Creuzfeldt-Jakobo disease. With these chosen illness the main research goal is to provide a comprehensive collection of information about the details such as disease transfer, spread of the disease, disease development, cure and avoidance. The research part of the dissertation tries to find out the extent of knowledge about the chosen kinds of zoonoses among the pupils at specialized secondary schools. As a tool of quantitative research has been used a pupil's didactic test. As based on the evaluated results we may say that the pupil's knowledge at explored schools is relatively satisfactory.
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Fish Herpesviruses
Čečetka, Petr ; Forstová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Herpetic viruses that attack fish are ones of the most widespread virus pathogens, threatening modern day fish population not only in the wild but also those that are farmed. There are many types of the pathogen, from the ones those do not cause severe diseases to those that are extremly dangerous, spread without any control and caused vast losses in commercial farming and in wild populations. Most of the viruses exhibit increased sensitivity on heat and stress factors, which are the most common reasons of the repeating outbreak of disease. To the best described fis herpesvirus viruses attacking fresh water fishes belong. Nowadays more and more herpetic viruses which attack mainly salt water fis are beeing discovered. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Nonclassical noncovalent interactions in proteins and their importance for design of novel specific viral enzyme inhibitors
Kříž, Kristian ; Lepšík, Martin (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee) ; Kabeláč, Martin (referee)
Noncovalent interactions are vital for functioning of biological systems. For instance, they facilitate DNA base pairing or protein folding. Recently, in addition to classical noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bond, nonclassical noncovalent interactions have been discovered. An example of these interactions is halogen bond belonging to the class of σ-hole interactions, the knowledge of which is already being useful for medical compound design. The aim of this work is to find out if the chalcogen bond, also a σ-hole interaction, plays a role in the binding of existing viral inhibitors, too. Following that, we are also interested whether or to what extent can these existing chalcogen bonds be optimized for a greater affinity of the inhibitor binding. Several protein-ligand crystal structures exhibiting geometrical properties favoring a chalcogen bond have been found in the PDB database. We examined the interaction energies and the interaction energy geometrical dependencies of model systems derived from these crystal structures by means of quantum chemical calculations. Further we have optimized their strength by a series of substitutions. We thus propose that chalcogen bond can become a player in rational design of inhibitors of viral enzymes and their protein target. Keywords: Noncovalent...
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Microtubule acetylation and its role in viral infection
Mariničová, Zuzana ; Horníková, Lenka (advisor) ; Forman, Martin (referee)
New findings about posttranslational modifications of microtubules lead us to believe that microtubules are an important aspect of regulation of cellular functions and signaling. The same applies to the most studied one, acetylation of lysin 40 of α-tubulin. Acetylated microtubules have been considered more stable for decades, however, the specific tubulin acetyltransferases and deacetylases have been identified only recently. Even though the important role of acetylation has been described in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, we are still unsure of its implications for function as in contrast with its role in pathology, almost normal mutants in one of the acetylation enzymes have been described. Involvement of acetylation in viral infection was studied as well. It can be deduced from the available information that viruses modulate signaling pathways that include the acetylation modulating enzymes. After viral entry to the cell higher levels of acetylation are observed and its inhibition usually leads to inhibition of entry. This is the reason why studying acetylaton and its regulation is so important, better understanding of these processes can help us develop new therapeutic agents not just against viral infection, but against other diseases as well. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Role of phosphorylation in nuclear import of viral proteins and complexes
Pokorná, Karolína ; Forstová, Jitka (advisor) ; Roučová, Kristina (referee)
Replication of many different viruses occurs in the nucleus of the host cell. These viruses discovered ways how to overcome the nuclear membrane and often use cell transport machinery to transport their proteins and genome into the nucleus. For many viral proteins the timing of their nuclear import in order to secure correct viral replication is important. Regulated nuclear import also allows these proteins to perform several functions depending on their localization. Nuclear import of viral proteins and complexes can be regulated by phosphorylation. Phosphorylation can, for example, modulate affinity of proteins for importins or other cellular proteins. Phosphorylation can also cause conformational change, which can lead to unmasking of localization sequence.
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The Influence of Cyber Terrorism Threat on the American Security Policy
Rezek, Tomáš ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Mareš, Miroslav (referee) ; Cabada, Ladislav (referee) ; Polčák, Radim (referee)
(English) The aim of this dissertation is to answer the question of whether the U.S. security policy is influenced by the threat of cyber terrorism. The dissertation is divided into chapters that can be regarded as steps in a logical reasoning process. In the first chapter, cyber space is introduced and described to illustrate its importance and complexity. The next chapter analytically compares various definitions of terrorism, and partially rejects the initial hypothesis that cyber terrorism is not included in the general definition of terrorism. The following chapter statistically analyzes the available data on terrorist groups and terrorist attacks to empirically confirm the hypothesis that terrorism is still a real threat to American security. The analysis actually proves that the threat of terrorism has not decreased in relation to the number of terrorist groups. It also shows that the number of terrorist attacks against the U.S. targets has significantly decreased in the United States, while terrorist actions have been increasing constantly on a global level. The analysis shows that the success rate of terrorists attacks does not form a time series, and therefore each terrorist attack has to be examined individually to assess its success probability. The following analysis reviews the...
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New diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of inflammatiory cardiomyopathy
Kuchynka, Petr ; Šimek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Krejčí, Jan (referee) ; Gregor, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Inflammatory cardiomyopathy (DCMi) represents a non-familial form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is crucial for its diagnosis. Aims: To assess the prevalence of DCMi in patients with DCM of unclear origin, to evaluate the significance of serological tests for antibodies against infectious cardiotrophic agents and to analyze the effect of specific therapy guided by EMB results. Methods: EMB was performed in 56 subjects (mean age 52 ± 10 years) with DCM of unclear etiology and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) < 40% with a history of heart failure less than 1 year. EMB samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electron microscopy. Results: Immunohistochemical examination revealed myocardial inflammation in 26 patients (46%), the PCR method detected genome of microbial agents in 32 patients (57%). Electron microscopy showed the presence of particles of microbial agents in 41 patients (73%). Serological blood tests found no IgM antibody positivity against any of the investigated microbial agents. Targeted antibiotic therapy in patients with evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) genome in the EMB led to a reduction in LV size, improvement of LV EF and alleviate symptoms of heart failure. Conclusion: DCMi...
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How are high school students informed about virus biology
Solarová, Pavlína ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
Biology is the study of viruses, which are engaged in teaching 2-3 lessons. During those hours, students must not only absorb information about the structure and function of the virus, but also the reproduction of the organism, several representatives and, ultimately, diseases that cause that exists prevention and treatment these diseases. Students remember what it is for the vaccine, the virus infects whom, how they can get infected or what the immune system. What makes the problem of students are questions: which of the viral disease is, what constitutes a viral particle, or what is an infectious disease. In the RVP G is determined curriculum is very vaguely. The teacher thus has a certain freedom in creating the ŠVP and its preparations. To more precise what students should know for graduation, testing requirements used common catalog of the school-leaving examination in this case of biology, who has broken the outputs of the curriculum of all biological disciplines.
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