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Nursing Childcare during Chemotherapeutic Treatment
CIMBÁLNÍKOVÁ, Eva
Current status: Children oncology is a field which has become an important part of medicine and thanks to its development it is possible to heal up to 80% of children oncological patients. In the children oncology, we can meet many kinds of cancer such as Hematopoietic Tissue tumors, Lymphomas and Central nervous system tumors. Children are usually cured using chemotherapy which has not only therapeutically effects, but also unwanted symptoms which decrease the quality of patient lives and can be even dangerous for children. Main aim of my bachelor thesis is to describe the core principles of the nursing childcare during chemotherapy and to set the basic rules concerning the right vein entry care as well as the principles of the right application of medicinal products through venous inlets. Another task is to describe the principles of manipulation with cytostatic and to demonstrate the key role of the nurse during the application of chemotherapy. Methodology: To process this bachelor thesis and to achieve the set aims a qualitative research examination was done while using the technique of secondary analysis of relevant resources. This research included looking for the information concerning the problem in the professional and scientific publications as well as gaining the experience during the internship in the Department of Pediatric Oncology in the Faculty Hospital Brno Results: This thesis describes key principles of the nursing childcare during chemotherapy focused mainly on the possible problems related side effects of cytostatic. The main task of the nurse is to watch a possible occurrence of these effects and to provide a careful nursing care. The nurse must always adapt the care to the current health condition and needs of the patient. Each child is individual and reacts differently to the cure. It is necessary during the chemotherapy to prevent from a possible infection by a very careful barrier nursing care. The task of the nurse is also to provide children and parents with a psychological support, to educate about the treatment regime in her competence, to ensure the safe cytostatic use while watching their effect and possible complications as well as to take a complex care of venous inlets. The thesis also finds out the right rules of the safe manipulations with cytostatic. The main rule during each manipulation is to protect your own health by using the protective equipment such as special Nitrile gloves, oral veils etc. and to work according to the rules of the safe manipulation with cytostatic which are available in each oncological department. Conclusions: This research work is treated as a theoretical overview work and its main benefit is presenting the theoretical knowledge about the oncology nursing childcare while describing a very important part of the nurse taking care of children oncological patients. The nurse must have a lot of both theoretical and practical knowledge which she uses during the nursing care. The results of this research should provide both professional and lay public enough information about the children oncology.
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Nursing care for women after breast ablation from the viewpoint of patients
TÓTHOVÁ, Kristýna
Recently, the breast carcinoma is one of the most severe cancers affecting women. It is very serious disease, therefore it is necessary to give these women increased attention. This bachelor thesis focuses on the women, who underwent the breast ablation. It is focused on the subjective view of the patients on the pre-surgery and post-surgery care. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the anatomy, the kinds, the causes and clinical signs of the breast carcinoma are mentioned. In the other part the prevention, the prognosis, the diagnosis and the cure of breast carcinoma is mentioned. Following chapters deal with the pre-surgery and post-surgery nursing care for the women who undergo breast ablation. In the last chapter, the support groups and their functions are mentioned. The empirical part of the thesis includes the results of research survey, which deals with pre-surgery and post-surgery nursing care for the women after breast ablation from the point of view of the women and also with the awareness of support groups. A qualitative research was used to process the data. As the method of research survey was chosen a half-structured interview, women were asked 18 questions. The interviews were recorded, rewritten to written form and then categorised and analysed. This bachelor thesis was written in a certain way, to bring basic overview of the nursing care for the women after breast ablation. The result of this bachelor thesis is a proposal for a manual for general nurses (the treating personnel), who treat the women who underwent breast ablation.
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Lifestyle adjustment of adolescents diagnosed with cancer and of their siblings
Holcová, Ludmila ; Radvanská, JItka (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the lifestyle of adolescent patients before and after cancer treatment. Moreover, the thesis examines the influence of this disease on the lifestyle of their siblings. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is more extensive, there are presented the results of theoretical knowledge about nutrition of oncological adolescents after the termination of cancer treatment. These general principles can be used as a prevention of cancer disease. This section also contains the characteristics of adolescence and the issues of cancer disease with children and adolescents. The research summarizes the results obtained from the survey. To determine the changes in eating habits among adolescent cancer patients and their siblings, the quantitative method was used. For the processing, it has been used 20 questionnaires from adolescents and 20 questionnaires from their siblings; all of them were completely filled. The questionnaire designated for patients includes the questions concerning diet, drinking regime, physical activity before and after the treatment, awareness of oncological adolescents and their sources of knowledge. The questionnaire for siblings includes the questions about lifestyle change after their sibling's illness. The aim of this research part was to...
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The Role of Communication in Medical Diagnosis of Cancer Patients from the Perspective of Young Doctors
Tvrdá, Pavlína ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
The thesis called Informed of the Diagnosis to Cancer Patients from the Perspective of Young Doctors try to figure out what is the preparedness of young physicians to communicate the diagnosis to cancer patients and identify problem areas associated within the Czech health care system. The theoretical and practical considerations are analyzed, including the work environment. There are the high demands placed on physicians in institutional care and the associated risk of professional burnout is described. The training of physicians in undergraduate and postgraduate education was explored. Primary data was gathered using qualitative research method by semistructural interviews with doctors. The next part of the thesis are categories, that were interpreted by analysis and comparison of the secondary sources of data. Interpretations of categories are replenished by citations. The findings correspond to the main research questions.
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Health and social care for cancer patients in university hospital Pilsen
RATHOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis focuses on the health and social problem of oncologically ill patients in Plzeň university hospital. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empiric part. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the occurence of oncological illnesses and gender distribution. Further on, the theoretical part describes some of the examination methods, the causes of oncological illness origin and subsequently it deals with the social influence on the patient who is oncologically ill and under palliative care. In the last section of the theoretical part health and social services provided by the University Hospital in Plzeň for oncologically ill patients are described. The goal of the practical part was to describe the problem of oncologically ill patients in the Plzeň University Hospital from a multidisciplinary care point of view. To gain information I used the methodics of a qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews were used as a tool for the research. Semi-structured intervews were carried out with ten patients who were getting treatment in the Plzeň University Hospital. Research questions were the following. How do patients in the oncological department perceive the care provided? What problem within multidisciplinary care do patients perceive as the most serious one? The result of the thesis is the finding that patients in Plzeň University Hospital are satisfied with health care, with the treatment as well as the behaviour of caretaking staff. The most serious problem they perceive within the provision of multidisciplinary care is the fact that they have not met any social worker or psychologist. Services of these two members of a multidisciplinary team have not even been offered to them. Many patients have told me that they were missing this kind of help, they were left to solve all problems by themselves.
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Nursing care of intravenous ports in oncology
BICEROVÁ, Věra
Port brings the patients added comfort during the medication, it also makes the work for the nurses easier and save them the time. This bachelor's work concerns issues of port treatment at the department of oncology. There is more and more patients with the ports that is why a treatment of them belongs to basic skills which should the nurses of the department of oncology have. In the first theoretical part of this bachelor's work is branch of oncology defined. The second part concerns venous entry. The third part is focused on the ports and their specifics. In a significant part of the work were inquired knowledge of the nurses in the area of port treatment. There were also compared differences between ambulatory and inaptient ward and laso was monitored measure of awareness of patients in the area of port treatment. Research aggregate was composed by five nurses from the inpatient ward, five nurses from the outpatient's department and three patients. With help of structured talk was accomplished a qualitative research. To the data processing was used a method of open encoding. Information was put into the particular categories. By the questioning were answered all the research questions. Nurses showed that they have sufficient knowledge of port treatment.They are interested in further education and some new experiences. Methods of port treatment are both in outpatient's department and inpatient ward almost the same. From the research follows concerning port implant that patients have got the feeling that they do not have enough information. In the area of treatment is the situation considerably better and the patients have got sufficient knowledge. In view of the fact that existing standard of port treatment at the department has not been updated for a time, a new "standard of port treatment" is performance of my bachelor's work (Annex 4).
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Alternative methods of therapy for oncology patients
BĚLOHLAVÁ, Nikola
Breast carcinoma or breast cancer is one of women?s most often diagnosed tumors in the Czech republic. Several types of scientific treatment are currently available nevertheless it is a very serious disease. It is understandable that women suffering from breast cancer and all cancer patients and their relatives expend considerable effort to obtain information about all types of available treatments which can reverse the unfavorable diagnosis. Very often they resort to some form of alternative therapy. Alternative medicine provides a large choice of methods. But the problem is, that positive effects of alternative therapies are not checked (14). Oncological diseases are very serious, therefore alternative therapies pose a risk to oncology patients when they replace scientific treatments as an alternative. The aim of this thesis is to determine the opinion of women with breast cancer on alternative therapies. The component aims of this work are to find out what the women know about the risks and types of alternative therapy methods in oncology, how women?s point of view on this kind of therapy changes, how these methods affected their life and which of this methods are the most popular with women with breast carcinoma. I deal with the biological and psychosocial aspects of breast cancer in the theoretical part of this thesis and then classical and alternative therapies of treatment which can be used during the treatment. The question of the disease of breast cancer is a very individual sphere. It is assumed that information of intimate character will be used. I considered it suitable for this purpose to use a qualitative form of research. I chose the technique of semi-structured interviews. I prepared a list of instructive questions and then added additional questions as required. The respondants to the interviews I recruited using the technique snowball. I found the contacts through a woman who I know very well. The interviews with the women were processed in the form of case studies, I prepared 7 case studies. 11 women were asked but 4 women refused to participate. I divided the women into 3 categories according to their opinion of the alternative therapies of treatment for their disease. Common factor was that non of the women t disturbed or neglected the prescribed plan of treatment provided by a team of specialists. Two of the women momentarily wanted to finish the classical prescribed treatment. The largest part of respondents was favorably inclined toward the alternative methods of treatment. Two women stated that they are sure that the alternative methods were successful. Two respondents said that they have a positive opinion on this treatment, but they are not sure of the positive effect of alternative therapies. Three other respondents had the opposite opinion on the alternative therapies in oncology. One of these women said that her bad opinion of alternative therapies was caused the terrible experience her friend had with alternative medicine. Almost all respondents used one of the alternative methods during their disease despite the fact that most women do not believe in the positive effects. Two women were not aware of the use of any kind of this therapy. The most commonly used methods were food supplements. The minority part of women (2) used biotronics, homeopathy and acupuncture.
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Nursing of children on a transplant unit
HERKUCZOVÁ, Lenka
Oncological disease is very stressful and worrying for everyone. In the second half of 20th century, tumor disease became the second most frequent cause of death of children and young adults. They bring a major intervention to the child´s life, to the life of his or her family and to the lives of people close to the child. The research was proceeded on transplant unit and standard unit in Children´s Cancer Hospital. The objective of the thesis was to find out the specifics of the care on the transplant unit and based on obtained results determine actions that could make the care for children in the transplant unit more pleasant and improve the quality of the care. The objectives were fulfiled. Based on the research four hypothesis were formed.
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