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Patients with diabetes mellitus which do not keep medical regime from the perspective of nursing care
ŠVANCÁROVÁ, Anna
The bachelor's thesis on the topic: "Patients with diabetes mellitus which do not keep medical regime from the perspective of nursing care" had two goals. The first one was about to identify the causes of non-adherence to medical regime from the perspective of patients with diabetes mellitus and the second one to describe nurse's task to patient with diabetes mellitus non-adherent to medical regime. Following these goals there were formulatedthree research questions, that are: What interventions are performed by general nurses in the care ofPatients with diabetes mellitus which do not keep medical regime ? What causes lead to not keep the medical regime from the patient, who has diabetes mellitus, point of view? How does the communication betweennurses and patients, with diabetes mellitus on the medical regime, affect the level of cooperation? The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of individual types of DM diseases, as well as complications associated with this disease, both acute and chronic. Furthermore, the work describes treatment options for this disease and, last but not least, deals with the education of patients with DM. In the empirical partwas usedthe methodology of qualitative research. Data collection was performed by using a semi-structured interview. There were prepared two variations of semi-structured interviews.The first one was conducted with patients with DM disease who did not follow the treatment regime and the secondwith nurses working with these patients. The interview with patients with DM not following the medical regimecontained 15 questions. The interview with the nurses working with these patients included 16 questions. Both semi-structured interviews were filled in by sub-questions where appropriate. Interviews were in most cases recorded in the form of a sound recording, and only after prior informing of the respondent and with his consent. They were also recorded in writing on paper. These audio recordings were later also transcribed into written form and subsequently processed by the open coding method, the "pencil-paper" technique. The informants were assured of complete anonymity. The research group consisted of patients with DM not adhering to the medical regime and with nurses working with these patients. The results of research set A are presented in the form of 4 categories and the results of research set B are presented in the form of 3 categories. All categories are also divided into subcategories, which are clearly schematically shown in the work. The individual categories represent answers to the research questions mentioned in this bachelor's thesis. This work can serve as an educational material for nurses who work with patients with DM that don't follow the medical regimen. Furthermore, the results can be used by medical students who want to learn more about causes of non-adherence to treatment regime by patients with DM and what roleplays a nurse in the care of these patients.
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Determination of glycohemoglobin by HPLC method
KUNÍKOVÁ, Martina
This bachelor thesis deals with the determination of the glycated hemoglobin by the HPLC method at two analyzers D-10 from the company Bio-Rad. The sample values for the internal control quality were measured and evaluated for two devices in the period from November 2019 to March 2020 in this bachelor thesis. The regular verification of the method was realized for both analyzers. The SEKK samples were measured in the planned survey of external quality assesment SEKK Compensation of diabetes KD 1/20. The regular comparation of both analyzers was performed by the measurement of laboratory samples once in the month. Overall 50 samples were measured in this period. The results of this bachelor thesis are part of a monitoring of the laboratory determination quality control and they are the base for the improving of the work quality in the laboratory and the base for the increase of the effectiveness of the laboratory's quality management system. Key words
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Dietary habits of children from age 6 to 12 suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1
ŠUBOVÁ, Aneta
This bachelor's thesis I focuses on the topic of Dietary habits of children from age 6 to 12 suffering from diabetes mellitus type 1. It is based around this group of children because they will be living with diabetes their whole life and as they are getting more independent at this age, it is necessary to teach them as much as possible. The theoretical part of this thesis includes the description of diabetes mellitus itself. Then it focuses on type 1 diabetes only because this type occurs amongst children the most. The theoretical part then contains information about how to prevent type 1 diabetes, how to diagnose it, what complications can occur and possible treatments. There is also an in-depth description of proper eating habits of people suffering from this disease. The end of the theoretical part is dedicated to characterization of 'young school age', dieting of young children and school catering. Aims of this bachelor's thesis were: to map eating habits of children with diabetes mellitus type 1, to compare them to eating habits of healthy children and to map physical activity of children suffering from diabetes. The research involved 10 children - half of them suffering from type 1 diabetes, the other half were healthy children. Data were obtained in an interview, through a survey and by listing the food intake. It appears that children suffering from type 1 diabetes tend to have more variety in their diet, they consume some kind of food (e.g. vegetables and fruit) more often and they also have higher fiber intake than healthy children. Analysing the food intake revealed lower average intake of fats and energy amongst children who suffer from diabetes. The amount of fats consumed by children with diabetes corresponded with recommendations. But, according to recommendations, energy intake was not correct in either one of these groups of children.
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The issue of nutrition of patients with diabetes mellitus.
HOLUBOVÁ, Tereza
The topic of the bachelor thesis is the issue of nutrition of patients with diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part described the disease diabetes mellitus. It is a lifetime disease that manifests itself by increased blood sugar levels. In case, diabetes is not trated, there is creation and development od other health issues. It focuses on the tratments goals which includes diabetic nutrition, diet and physical activity. The final text dealt with diabetic education which delas with the transfer of information and pracical skills. The practical part is based on a qualitative research survey, which is processed by the technique of semi-structured interview. The interviews are carried out with respondents who suffer from diabetes mellitus. The aim of the practical part was to find out what is the problem of nutrition in patients with diabetes mellitus. The results showed that although most diabetics try to follow nutritional recommendations provided by nurse and doctor, there are number of diabetics who do not follow the recommendations. It turned out that the main reasons include inappropriate eating, in which sweet and fatty products are included in the diet, as well as insufficient planning which leads to irregular food consumption and unnecessary overeating. Other reasons based on research are the financial demands of healthy and good-quality ingredients and unfamiliarity of the balanced content of all ingredients in the diet. Interviews with respondents revealed that the most common way for nurses to inform about proper nutrition is with the help on educational brochures and leaflets. Pacients were dissatisfied with the way the informations were handed down due to a lack of individualisation and the short time devoted to them. The results of the bachelor's thesis could contribute to facilitate the orientation of the nutritional recommendations of a patient with diabetes mellitus and at the same time point out the main obstacles to adherence to diabetic nutrition.
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Possibilities of using nordic walking for patients with diabetes mellitus
VEITHOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor thesis deals with possibilities of using Nordic walking (NW) for patients with diabetes mellitus. Its main goal is to chart the possibilities and effects of this sport to the patient´s health condition. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis introduces the basic characteristic and history of NW, necessary equipment, right technique of walking with poles and its positive effects to people´s body and mental health including the ideal structure of the training unit. This part also includes the chapter about diabetes mellitus, its types and impact of NW to the health of the patients with this kind of disease. The practical part is evolved through a qualitative research, which contains case studies with input and output kinesiological analysis. In total there were four patients who participated of the research. In this part there are described research methods as anamnesis, aspection, checkup of stand in modifications, anthropometric parameters, Kasch step-test of physical ability, goniometry, InBody analysis and measurement of the blood pressure. The research took place during ten weeks of motional program in which the patients learnt the right technique of walking and they raised their pulse and physical condition step by step. The research proved positive results in change of body weight, which noticed to losing the bodyweight after finishing the motional program, also improvement of physical condition, some asymmetries of the body was aligned, range of the movement in the joint was increased and the glycemic index was also lowered. This bachelor thesis can be used as a preventive or therapeutical recommendation of NW for patients with diabetes mellitus disease, but also for other diseases of civilization or in the treatment of post-traumatic conditions of musculoskeletal system because during NW there are the relief of supporting joints main joints, empowerment of the musculature of the whole body and the prevention of imbalance disorders.
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Level of nutritional knowledge in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Monika
Current status: Diabetes mellitus is currently considered as a global epidemic of civilization. The largest number of patients in the population is the senior population. It is the senior population that is in the most cases very little or insufficiently informed about the observance of dietary measures and lifestyle during this disease. Due to the lack of information, complications of the disease can often occur, which can lead to fatal consequences such as the patient's death. Diabetes mellitus is currently considered the most common disease of civilization and is listed as the ninth most common cause of the death. The aim of the work was to map the nutritional knowledge of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, an educational plan was created and by which it was found out how this created educational plan can affect patients' knowledge of diabetic measures. Methodology: The research was carried out in the form of quantitative and qualitative research. A questionnaire was created using the data collection technique for the quantitative method. The method of non-standardized interview with patients with diabetes mellitus using the educational plan created by us, was used as a qualitative method. The research sample consisted of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. There were 200 respondents. The selection of the research sample for the qualitative research survey was chosen intentionally and the size of the research set was determined by theoretical data saturation. Subsequently, five patients were selected, with whom a non-standardized interview was conducted using an educational plan. Results: The research survey shows that patients with diabetes mellitus have a high level of knowledge in the field of nutritional measures, which relate primarily to the consumption of suitable and unsuitable foods or beverages in the diet of diabetics. Although patients demonstrated their knowledge of eating habits, there were areas where patients have the lack of information. These include the use of exchangeable units in the diet or the consumption of DIA products. In the subsequent interview with the educational plan, the addressed respondents wanted to master the practical use of exchange units in the diet or the use of a sweetener. Conclusions and recommendations for practice: According to the results of the research survey, we have shown that the level of nutritional knowledge in senior age is at a high level. Further information on diabetic diets depends on the education of the respondents. Based on the analysis of all other patients who have been educated, it is possible to educate or reeducate patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Problems of diabetic diet in spa
ŠTÍCHOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis deals with the problems of diabetic diet in spa, specifically in the Peat Spa Třeboň, sanatorium Aurora. In the theoretical part I focused on the diabetes mellitus disease in general. In the first part we can find there the description of the carbohydrate metabolism, the brief anatomy of main organs that are related to the disease, epidemiology, classification, therapy and diabetes' affiliated complications. The next part of the theory defines specialistic recommendations for the diabetic diet itself. The third part describes the history and present of Czech Spas and possibilities of the food consummation in spa including diets. There were three goals determinated for this thesis. First of them was to map the possibilities of the diabetic diet in the spa, the second one was to analyse spa menu and to realize if it was suitable for the diabetics and the last goals was to compare patient's menu with the spa-one and to find their differences. In the practical part I evaluated the suitability of the spa menu for the type 2 diabetics by using the qualitative research's methods. Afterward I compared this menu with patients' menus. There were 8 patients of the Aurora sanatorium with type 2 diabetes in my research. The menus were evaluated in Nutriservis Proffesional nutrition software. I mainly noticed the total daily energy intake, carbohydrates, fats, proteins and mono- and disaccharides in the research. The results of the research show that spa menu is despite of some slight imperfections suitable for the type 2 diabetics and it corresponds with the recommendations for the diabetic diet. In the comparison of home menus and the spa-ones, the most of the patients boards better and more regular in the spa. But, as we can see by the results, there is an essential need of patients' education in the nutrition area and also a necessary cooperation with the specialists (diabetologists, nutritional therapists) in their treatment.
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Diabetes mellitus and related conditions
Kurková, Simone ; Kara, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease of mass occurrence. Diabetes itself is often associated with other diseases, such as diseases of the nervous or vascular system. This thesis deals with diabetes and these associated diseases, which occur most often with diabetes. The main goal of the thesis was to describe the development of diseases associated with diabetes and also to map the dietary habits of respondents. As these are cases that are very specific, the practical part was processed in the form of case studies. The study includes 4 cases of patients with diabetes mellitus together with an associated disease, such as diabetic nephropathy. Each case report also includes nutritional recommendations for improving or maintaining the quality of life and compensating for the disease. However, the issue of diabetes and related diseases has not yet been fully explored, and further research is needed to examine this issue in more depth. keywords: diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus and related conditions, complications of diabetes
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Hypoglycemia as a limitation of treatment of diabetes mellitus
Brož, Jan ; Kvapil, Milan (advisor) ; Češka, Richard (referee) ; Karásek, David (referee)
BROŽ, Jan. Hypoglycemia as a limitation of treatment of diabetes mellitus. Prague, 2022. 100 pages. Dissertation thesis. Charles University in Prague, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine. Supervisor Kvapil, Milan. In diabetes mellitus, hypoglycaemia is defined as a condition that is associated with abnormally low blood glucose levels (≤ 3.9 mmol/l), which puts the body at potential risk. The first part of the work is devoted to the treatment of hypoglycaemia associated with physical activity in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The results showed that standardized moderate-intensity body movement without pre-agreed preventive measures led to hypoglycaemia in all participants. During exercise, the rate of ABG decline ranged from 0.7 mmol/l to 1.7 mmol/l in 10 minutes. During recovery after ingestion of 20 g of carbohydrates, the rate of increase in ABG ranged from 0.6 mmol/l to 1.9 mmol/l in 10 minutes. The amount of glucose administered resulted in recovery from hypoglycaemia in all study participants and maintained glycemia above this level for an additional rest period of 60 minutes after glucose ingestion. The second part of the work was devoted to comparing the characteristics of the results on the one hand of treatment in the same group of patients with type 2...
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Differences in food intake among obese and non-obese pacients with diabetes
Číhová, Anna ; Škrha, Jan (advisor) ; Šatný, Martin (referee)
Basis: Disorders of glucose metabolism, including prediabetes and diabetes, and obesity are very common diseases, the prevalence of which continues to rise worldwide. Overweight and obesity are usually associated with type 2 diabetes, and some authors use the term diabesity for the joint occurrence of these two diseases, but even in patients with type 1 diabetes, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing. The basic measure in the treatment of an obese diabetic is a diet leading to weight reduction, ideally to achieve optimal body weight. Objective: This work focuses on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with diabetes, respectively in individual types of diabetes and on the differences in food intake of obese and non- obese patients with diabetes, with the aim of determining whether overweight and obesity, or excessive energy intake, are related to worse diabetes compensation. Methodology: In the practical part of this diploma thesis, two methods of data collection were chosen, a questionnaire survey and anonymous data collection from electronic medical documentation. All data obtained were continuously recorded and then statistically analysed using the Welch t-test and the chi-squared test in the TIBCO STATISTICA 13 program. Findings: In the entire research population...
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