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Use of supervision as a professional support for nurses in MNUL
Šupková, Jaroslava ; Havrdová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vaculíková, Barbora (referee)
The thesis is focused on exploring the needs and options for supporting non-medical workers at health care environment (namely Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem), particularly in the form of supervision. Theoretical part describes the role of nursing; all factors decreasing her/his job satisfaction, risks associated with the role of helping and supervision, as one of the forms of professional support having an impact on job satisfaction. The practical part, using questionnaire survey, examines the factors affecting the job satisfaction and the presence of favorable conditions for the implementation of supervision. In subsequent discussions with the leadership of the hospital about the utilization of supervision as a professional support to nurses, the author drew up a series of concrete proposals ready to be used in Masaryk Hospital, which can be found at the empirical part.
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Assistance to persons in material need
Jakešová, Stanislava ; Štangová, Věra (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee)
ASSISTANCE TO PERSONS IN MATERIAL NEED At the present time in the Czech Republic the assistance to persons in material need is provided by nongovernmental organisations (Salvation Army, Naděje, Diakonie and others). However, the state has the bigger role to play in this area as according to Art. 30/2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms it is obliged to provide anyone in material need the assistance in securing basic living conditions. The state does so through the Material Need Assistance Bodies. As the previous legal regulation of assistance to persons in social need had not been fully sufficient, a new Act on Assistance in Material Need was adopted, coming into force on 1 January 2007. This Act introduced several crucial changes. The Material Need Assistance Body is obliged to provide social consultation to anyone in material need. Timely and professional consultation very often leads to resolving the difficult situation of the client, and regularly there is no longer any need to grant and disburse the relevant benefits and allowances. In case the social consultation is insufficient to resolve the situation of the client the Act allows for disbursing material need assistance benefits and allowances. These are envisioned to resolve certain situation of the client. If the client lacks...
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Chromatography methods for the determination of stable isotope traced metabolites and their apllication in the clinical research
ŽABOKRTSKÁ, Jana
In medical diagnostics substances labelled with radioactive or stable isotope tracers are used. At present stable isotope-traced substrates 13C or 2H are most commonly used for metabolism evaluation in pathologic situations. A modern approach is a combination of microdialysis method and an application of stable isotopes. In this study analytic methods for the determination of glucose and lactate in microdialysate are described. Due to used substances, labelled with stable isotope-tracers, these substances were determined by the method of gass chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aim of the study was the development, determination of parameters, validation and optimalization of analytic methods oriented on measuring of isotope enrichment of molecules of chosen analytes. The isotope enrichment of glucose was determined after its derivatization by hydroxylamine hydrochloride and acetanhydride. A derivate aldonitril pentacetyl-D-glucose was determined. The method described in the study is the result of optimalization of time and temperature of derivatization of samples of microdialysates and chromatographic conditions. The obtained data were evaluated by the software Chemstation and statistics software SigmaStat. The precision was verified by the method of standard addition and was stated as 1,48%, the precision was determined by repeated measuring of a real sample {--} variation coefficient was 2,51%. Parameters of linear regression for concentrations 0,5 {--} 15 mmol/l were under given conditions with regression coefficient (R2) 0,9997 and the regression equation y = -0,0185 + 0,142x. Glucose for determination by gass chromatography is usually derivatized only by acetanhydride that however using capillary column CP-Sil 8 CB-MS (60 m x 0,32 mm) provides for interference in chromatographic recording {--} a double peak of likely formed anomers of pentacetyl-glucopyranose. For this reason it was necessary to make derivatization of aldehydic group of glucose first by hydroxylamin hydrochloride. The result method shows suitable parameters for using in analysis of microdialysate samples. Lactate was determined by derivatization by dimethoxypropane, propylamine and further by heptafluorobutyranhydride by formation of derivate of L-lactin-n-propylamidheptafluorobutyrate. Following parameters were determined {--} accuracy 3,25%, precision 3,15%, parameters of linear regression for concentrations wihtin 0,5 {--} 10 mmol/l were under given conditions R2 = 0,999 and the regression equation y = 0,215 + 1,039x. This relatively complicated derivatization method was taken over from an associated workshop at the University of Lausanne and its parameters were compared with a simpler method of derivatization by N-(butyl-dimethyl-silyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide. The formed derivate di(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) lactate was determinated by the method GC-MS. The precision was 3,02%, accuracy 3,8%, parameters of linear regression R2 = 0,999, the regression equation y = -0,0809 + 0,792x. The presented methods were used in the pilot study of microdialyse of muscle and hepar of rats in various metabolic situations. At present the methods are used in clinical research on patients suffering from diabetes mellitus type I and have extended a spectrum of methods applied by the laboratory of the Clinic of Gerontology and Metabolism of the University Hospital of Hradec Králové.
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Investigation of the β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase Stucture from Aspergillus oryzae
Kukačka, Zdeněk ; Novák, Petr (advisor) ; Ryšlavá, Helena (referee)
in English β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) belongs to exoglycosidase, and is one of the most abundant enzymes found in organisms from bacteria to human. The fungal β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Aspergillus oryzae is composed of propeptide and catalytic domain. The propeptide is noncovalently associated with the catalytic domain of the enzyme. Propeptide is essential for the enzyme activity. While the structure of the catalytic domain was desidned by homology modeling, the structure of the propeptide has not been resolved yet. In this study, the position where the propeptide is associated with the catalytic domain, was uncovered. Presented work consists of two parts. First part deals with optimization of production conditions, purification and crystallization of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from the filamentous fungi Aspergillus oryzae. Second part is devoted to the study of interaction between propeptide and catalytic domain, which was characterized by chemical cross-linking and high-resolution mass spectrometry. It was found that the structural changes of the catalytic domain depend on the presence of the propeptide molecule. Moreover the region of propeptide-catalytic domain interaction was revealed.
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Formation, incorporation and invalidity of a business company
Pavlicová, Lucie ; Horáček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
Resumé / Summary This thesis deals with business companies, namely the stages of their existence the understanding of which is essential for their integration into the economical and legal life of the society, more specifically a foundation and an incorporation of a business company and a related question of invalidity of a company. Business companies are the most frequently chosen institutional form of running business. That is why their legal regulation covers most of the whole second part of the Commercial Code. The purpose of this thesis is the analysis and explanation of the process of foundation and incorporation of a business company and the closely associated question of acting on behalf of the company before its incorporation, i.e. before it acquires legal personality. This thesis also seeks to clarify the dilemma of invalidity of business companies. Considering the growing importance of the European law, it is necessary to emphasize the influence of the European law on national legislations, which seems obvious especially in the area of invalidity of business companies as well as in other mentioned questions. This work is elaborated on the basis of the valid legal regulations of the Czech Republic, the legislation of the European Union, specialized publications and judicature (national and that of...
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Human biological variation in the light of certain morphological and molecular biological traits.
Kujanová, Martina ; Černý, Viktor (advisor) ; Sládek, Vladimír (referee) ; Munclinger, Pavel (referee)
This doctoral thesis is submitted in the form of science publications with impact factor and presents human biological variation in two different ways. The first part is the study of phenotype variation focused on the degree of limb bones bilateral asymmetry. Besides genetic and hormonal factors asymmetry may develop as a response to biomechanical and to environmental factors influencing the individual/population. Therefore this trait can be considered as a measure of person's living conditions, health or environmental stress of different origin or exa- mine the effects of behavioral distinctions as sexual division of labor and diffe- rences in subsistence strategy. The submitted publication (Kujanová et al., 2008) is based on samples of two diachronic populations (medieval and recent) from Bohe- mia with different expected levels of health/environmental stress. The study is fo- cused especially on these aspects that may be indicative of various stresses, such as malnutrition or other nonspecific factors influencing health of persons living in the studied populations. According to the results we propose that bilateral asymmetry observed in the diachronic populations showed some differences supporting the theory that the medieval population was not subjected to as highly stressful condi- tions as the...
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Oriental medicine. Study possibilities and sale centers in Czech Republic.
Bělová, Veronika ; Klusoňová, Hana (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Traditional medicine becomes more and more popular. It's usage propagaces in all over the world. In some countries oriental medicine is means of national healthcare, whereas in others countries it undertakes a function associated therapy to classical medicine. These both systems are different, though in some areas they are similar. Traditional medicine differs in duration of history, by using theories in interpretation diseases and using theories in therapy. Traditional medicine uses medical means, which have long tradition. Effects of therapy in most cases aren't scientifically attested. Western, classic medicine has priority in continuous finding of newer, more efficient methods, which are tested by scientific methods. Basic theories eastern medicine theory jin/jang, theory of five elements and theory of cchi are the most important. Principles of these theories are reflected in all medical methods. Acupuncture, acupressure, moxibation, fytotherapy,… are basic methods of therapy. The western medicine uses latest experiences, attested by scientifical methods. It's target is providing safety, effective treatment in time of needs. Western medicine is mainly aimed to therapy actual health problem, prevention others healthy problems, which can origine secondary in consequence of manifestation of primary...
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Acipimox during Short-Term Exercise Exerts A Negative Feedback of Growth Hormone on Ghrelin Secretion in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa and in Healthy Women: The Role of Lipolysis
Smitka, Kvido ; Nedvídková, Jara (advisor) ; Kršek, Michal (referee) ; Čáp, Jan (referee)
Title: Acipimox during Short-Term Exercise Exerts A Negative Feedback of Growth Hormone on Ghrelin Secretion in Patients with Bulimia Nervosa and in Healthy Women: The Role of Lipolysis Objective: Eating disorders, such as bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN), are characterized by abnormal eating behavior. The main features of BN are binge-eating and inappropriate compensatory methods to prevent weight gain. The appetite-modulating peptide ghrelin is secreted by the stomach and shows a strong release of growth hormone (GH). A potential GH-ghrelin feedback loop between stomach and the pituitary has been recently reported. Acipimox (Aci), an analogue of nicotinic acid, inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue (AT) and reduces plasma glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA) levels. Exercise and Aci are stimulators of GH secretion. We suppose that a negative feedback from increased GH levels during exercise may play a role in reducing plasma ghrelin levels. We surmised that altered baseline activity and exercise-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) results in excessive stimulation of lipolysis associated with negative energy balance and may lead to abnormal AT metabolism in patients with BN. Disruption of the gut-brain-AT axis might be involved in the pathogenesis of BN. The...
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The execution of punishment of life imprisonment with special reference to a social work
Bímová, Tereza ; Večerka, Kazimír (advisor) ; Kejklíček, Jaroslav (referee)
Se změnou společenského zřízení v České republice v roce 1990 začala média, sdělovací prostředky, tisk a další prezentovat stále více informací z oblasti kriminality, justice a vězeňství. Tyto informace jsou stručné, "jasné", konkrétní, pro laika však mnohdy nesrozumitelné. Chtěla bych svou prací poskytnout náhled a trochu přiblížit tu oblast vězeňství, kde podmínky ve vězení působí na osobnost doživotně odsouzeného, a možnost zamyšlení nad výkonem doživotního trestu odnětí svobody coby výchovného prostředku s ohledem na seznámení se s mechanismem věznic. Ve své práci nabízím pohled na současný stav podmínek doživotně vězněných osob na území České republiky. Tato práce je pokračováním práce bakalářské, která pojednávala o podmínkách doživotních vězňů v českých věznicích. Bakalářská práce mi posloužila jako zdroj základních údajů, které zde byly dále rozpracovány. Vývoj podmínek odsouzených, stejně jako systému vězeňství a justice, probíhal po staletí a stále se vyvíjí. Při pohledu do dějin zjistíme, jak velký posun se v této oblasti lidské společnosti uskutečnil. Lidstvo dokázalo dospět od mučení, lynčování, nelidských podmínek věznění a trestu smrti až k dnešnímu stavu. Ne ve všech státech a kulturách se to ovšem podařilo. Někde je trest smrti a mučení běžnou součástí zákonných norem nebo alespoň...
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Optimization and validation of analytical method for determination of selected drugs
Geryk, Radim ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor) ; Janečková, Lucie (referee)
The aim of this work was finding suitable conditions for separation of enantiomers of citalopram and citadiol, optimization of chromatographic system and validation of the analytical method for determination of selected enantiomers in drugs. Drugs are often chiral compounds. In many cases, only enantiomer has required pharmacological effects. Advanced chemical technologies associated with the synthesis, separation and analysis of the individual enantiomers caused an increase of the number of new chiral drugs in the form of single pure enantiomers, the chiral switch. Citalopram is one of the widely used antidepressants of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Citalopram is used for treatment of depression, panic anxienty or obsessive compulsive disorder of pathological laughing and crying. The pharmacological activity is associated with the S-citalopram, while R-enantiomer is essentially inactive and even counteracts the activity of escitalopram. Citadiol is a chiral syntetic precursor of citalopram. This thesis was focused on monitoring enantioseparation "behaviour" of selected enantiomers. HPLC method with chiral stationary phases based on macrocyclic antibiotics, cyclofructans and cellulose was applied for enantioseparation of the above-mentioned compounds. The optimized chromatographic...
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