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New Urbanism – the movement in USA
Moučka, Jan
New Urbanism (Nový urbanismus) je hnutí navazující na hnutí Urban Design (urbánní navrhování), které je anotováno v rámci tohoto dokumentu. Obě hnutí mají řadu společných dílčích cílů, ale liší se ve způsobu jakým k nim dojít: Již mnoho desítiletí existující hnutí Urban Design působí spíše zvyšováním povědomí a znalostí o kulturních, zejm. estetických aspektech tvorby měst a osídlení. Naproti tomu hnutí New Urbanism bylo vyprovokováno potřebou nové koncepce návrhu změn a zásahů do stavu obcí a osídlení po nepokojích v Newarku v 80tých letech 20. století. New Urbanism chce reformovat mnoho aspektů územního plánování a využití území zástavbou, a v mnoha směrech je úspěšné: Přispěla k tomu spolupráce s agenturami, které pro rozvoj sídel a osídlení v USA vznikly a působí i jinde ve světě, stejně jako vstřebání výsledku některých jiných vlivů, jak ukazuje i diagram souvislostí hnutí New Urbanism, diskutovaný v úvodu této studie. New Urbanism se například nezříká principů proklamovaných hnutím TND (Traditional Neighborhood Design), využívá zpětné vazby z poradenských organizací jako je SmartGrowth nebo Urban Land Institute. Na okraji hnutí New Urbanism se připojují někdy i výstřední subjekty a názory, jak je ve 21. století v každé mediálně zajímavé oblasti časté - ať již to jsou až dogmatická pojetí TND (viz např. v Austinu, kde vyšel předpis jak projektovat TND distrikty, nebo neokonservativní nákresy k TND okrskům). Vznikají terminologické obtíže a nejasnosti (viz např. neostrý termín Mixed-Uses) vyplývající z nevyzrálosti teorií zúčastněných disciplin, zejm. také urbanismu a architektury. Charta hnutí New Urbanism podporuje restrukturaci veřejné politiky i praktik výstavby, tak aby podporovaly následující principy: - obytné okrsky měst a obcí mají být různorodé ve způsobech užívání a v obyvatelstvu, - obce mají být navrhovány pro pěší i pro automobilní dopravu, - velká i menší města mají být fysicky utvářena jasně definovanými a bezbariérovými veřejnými prostory a objekty institucí obce. Urbánní prostory mají být rámovány architekturou a krajinným řešením, které oslavují místní historii, podnebí, ekologii a stavební praxi. Noví urbanisté podporují regionální plánování vytvářející otevřený prostor, architekturu v souladu s kontextem okolí, i vyvážený rozvoj práce a bydlení. Noví urbanisté věří, že jejich strategie může omezit zahlcování dopravy, zvýšit produkci dostupných bytů a opanovat rozptyl zástavby do krajiny. New Urbanism se také zabývá tématy jako je ochrana památek, bezpečnost ulic, zelené stavění, nové využití "brownfield" - opuštěných pozemků.
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The custody of underage children and the right to be in contact with them
Váňová, Lucie ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Švestka, Jiří (referee)
This Master's degree thesis addresses the issue of "The custody of underage children and the right to be in contact with them." The main attention is paid to the Czech legal instruments concerning the protection of underage children whose parents are getting divorced or do not live together. The thesis deals with the historical Czech legal development as well as the relevant legislation in force, different types of post-divorce care of children, their contact with both parents and other family members. A special emphasis is placed on the established practice of courts as well as relevant key judgments of the Czech Supreme Court and the Czech Constitutional Court. In comparison to the Czech legislation is described also the Slovak divorce regulation. Furthermore, relevant alterations introduced by the new Civil Code coming into effect on 1 January 2014 are considered. Due to the personal and emotional nature of family law relationships, the thesis discusses also the psychological impact of divorce on children and their parent's behavior. These are important especially for judges, social workers, mediators and family law lawyers. The thesis is composed of the following eight chapters: Introduction; Dissolution of Marriage; Award of Custody of Children; Contact with Children; Slovak legal regulation of...
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Environmental Risks Assessment Regarding the Dangerous Goods Transport
Martincová, Jana Victoria ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Šafr,, Gustav (referee) ; Karpíšek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
The method for environmental risks assessment in case of accidents with presence of dangerous chemical substances and the concept of the problem solutions in connection with the dangerous goods transport on routes in order to protect environment and inhabitants was proposed in the dissertation thesis. The method was applied in the location of Brno city to estimate possible impact on the environment and inhabitants. ADR accidents and technical conditions of ADR vehicles were statistically evaluated. The new unique code list for accident causations was proposed and will be used in practise. The dissertation thesis includes overview of the valid legislature and the legislature before 1989, overview of harmful substances dispersion in the environment and their decontamination and system of accidents treatment.
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Development of inverse sub-domain method for boundary conditions computation of heat conduction
Hřibová, Veronika ; Klimeš, Lubomír (referee) ; Pohanka, Michal (advisor)
It is very important to develop efficient but still accurate and stable numerical methods for solving heat and mass transfer processes in many industrial applications. The thesis deals with an inverse heat conduction problem which is used to compute boundary conditions (temperatures, heat flux or heat transfer coefficient). Nowadays, two approaches are often used for inverse task - sequential estimation and whole domain estimation. The main goal of this work is to develop a new approach, the so-called sub-domain method, which emphasizes advantages just as reduce disadvantages of both methods mentioned above. This approach is then tested on generated prototypic data and on data from real experiments. All methods are compared with respect to accuracy of results as well as to computational efficiency.
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Sports Centre Brno - Luzanky
Kristek, Jan ; Foretníková, Ladislava (referee) ; Šindlar, Jiljí (advisor)
NEW FOOTBALL STADIUM FOR BRNO Have to be stadium inert, ingrown arena, which turns on its back to its context? The first idea of the concept was inspired by the impressions from the exhibition of Dutch photographer Hans van Meer. Common to all of his football photographs are sceneries of country-side or cities that serve as a background for amateur football matches. Football played in the open air just for the joy from the game and in the presence of astonishing scene appears almost poetic. Is it possible to transfer at least partly such poetic into a football stadium? Locality near to Lužánky is outstanding exactly because of its context. It is placed next to the center of Brno with possibility of the view at the panoramas of Petrov and castle Veveří. The idea to connect the fans´ impression of a game with genius loci of the city, where the match takes place, strongly influenced the conceptual solution to the stadium. It enables fans to watch football game not only in the atmosphere of the simmering stadium, but also with a dash of poetic of the far-away view. The concept is based on four minimalistic desks of the tribunes clamped into the pace of the adjoining functions of the stadium. The tribunes are interconnected through rope frame, which roofs the tribunes and simultaneously co-functions as a single construction unit. This concept resulted in a complex solution to the construction from concrete, steel – compression and tension members that would enable practical implementation of this idea.
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The recodification of civil rights in the Czech Republic from the perspective of accounting and taxes
Kourová, Miroslava ; Jirásková, Simona (advisor) ; Molín, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with changes in accounting and taxes due to the recodification of civil rights in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to describe and explain changes due to the recodification. The thesis analyzes the new Civil Code and the Law of Business Corporations. The thesis features terminology changes caused by the recodification, analyzes amendments of laws and regulations related to accounting and taxes, and describes the individual changes in practice. The thesis ends with a few explanatory views of the Commission for the Application of the New Civil Legislation of the Department of Justice related to the topic of this thesis.
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Zkoušení pevnosti spoje lamelovaných hranolů pro výrobu oken
Hála, Marek
The first part of the diploma thesis deals with modern glued lamellar prisms for the production of windows, doors and their combination. The procedure of the euro balks production is the essential part of the work. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the characterization of the wood modification, above all thermally modified wood which is currently used in practice. Moreover, at the present new modified material known as the wood treated by acetylation (Accoya). The practical part deals with the assessment of the bonded lamellar prisms' quality and rigidity. Next examination is devoted to two types of glue (PVAC, PUR).The prisms with two directions of the fibres in the middle layer were tested. The timber from the tangential and semi-radial direction was used for the middle layers. The conclusion if the produced prisms meet the requirements and satisfy the quality class for the window and door production, is included in the discussion.
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VÝKONNOST DOWNSIDE RISK MODELŮ POST-MODERNÍ TEORIE PORTFOLIA
Jablonský, Petr ; Málek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kodera, Jan (referee) ; Lukáš, Ladislav (referee)
The thesis provides a comparison of different portfolio models and tests their performance on the financial markets. Our analysis particularly focuses on comparison of the classical Markowitz modern portfolio theory and the downside risk models of the post-modern portfolio theory. In addition, we consider some alternative portfolio models ending with total eleven models that we test. If the performance of different portfolio models should be evaluated and compared correctly, we must use a measure that is unbiased to any portfolio theory. We suggest solving this issue via a new approach based on the utility theory and utility functions. We introduce the unbiased method for evaluation of the portfolio model performance using the expected utility efficient frontier. We use the asymmetric behavioural utility function to capture the behaviour of the real market investors. The Markowitz model is the leading market practice. We investigate whether there are any circumstances in which some other models might provide better performance than the Markowitz model. Our research is for three reasons unique. First, it provides a comprehensive comparison of broad classes of different portfolio models. Second, we focus on the developed markets in United States and Germany but also on the local emerging markets in Czech Republic and Poland. These local markets have never been tested in such extent before. Third, the empirical testing is based on the broad data set from 2003 to 2012 which enable us to test how different portfolio model perform in different macroeconomic conditions.
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Historical development of the legal regulation of the residential ownership institution
Čejková, Šárka ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
57 Summary The aim of my thesis is to outline historical development of institute of ownership of apartments and his changes due to economical progress and political changes. In our country institute of ownership of apartments was put into practice by Act No. 52/1966 Collection of law. Although this law was very progressive compare the period and situation when it was adopted, it didn't reach quality of acts set up institute of ownership of apartments in western European countries. Modern institute of ownership of apartments with all appropriateness, which are matter of course everywhere in the Word, was initiated finally by Act No. 52/1966 Collection of law . Description of development of institute of ownership of apartments should help to understand better current legal regulation of ownership of apartments and disclose main drawbacks persisting from the past or deficiencies by legislator never solved. In first chapters my aim is to define conception of ownership and idea of apartment according to regularization and interpretation made by person with degree. Above all the interpretation of conception of apartment is quite difficult and in our legal order unsolved. In relation to development of legal regulation and expected reception of new civil code (in year 2012) we can expect considerable changes in...
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Accounting for Small and Medium Enterprises
Kocingerová, Dominika ; Strouhal, Jiří (advisor) ; Hejtmánek, Karel (referee)
The main target of this thesis is to clarify some problems of accounting for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), where are some mistakes or questions around them in practise. The first part focuses on importance of SMEs generally. Other part consists of some selected topics as a depreciation and highlighted new legislation which is valid from January 2010, proforma invoices and the relation to VAT, intracommunity transfers and their places of delivery which is important for VAT charges. In labour law there is a caution about the difference between an allowance for meals and meal vouchers as a result of mistakes in travel expenses and connection to this meal voucher as an instrument of payment. There is also a notification of a new lease arrangements from January 2009. This big part is closed by outsourcing of accounting services and why these services are helpful. Very important is also next part which deals with a new International Financial Reporting Standard for SMEs which was issued by IASB in July 2009. In the conclusion of this thesis there are some practical examples of above-cited problems.
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