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An ethical duty of the Hippocratic oath today
PETRŮ, Martina
The Hippocratic Oath probably comes from the 4th - 5th century BC. It is traditionally attributed to ancient physician Hippocrates or one of his disciples. It was created as a moral guide to behavior of physicians and it describes fundamental ethical principles of their profession in relation to the surroundings, family, teachers and the patient. In its time it represented a revolutionary rule.Text of the Hippocratic Oath has functioned as an oath sworn by inchoative physicians for centuries. Today it is replaced by a medical oath, which, in its different variants, is based on ethical Hippocratic requirements related to quality of contact between the physician and the patient. Changes in the Hippocratic Oath are mainly related to the development of surgery, transplantation, euthanasia, etc. The Hippocratic Oath refuses surgical interventions, because in times when it was created, these principles were in conflict with beneficence and intactness.This is the reason why it also rejects euthanasia and abortion.Nowadays, these interventions are already legalised in some countries to a certain extent and are applied according to relevant principles. Target of this Bachelor´s thesis was to find out what significance is attached to the Hippocratic Oath today. The thesis was conceived as a theoretical and historical comparative study aimed at the interpretation of content of the Hippocratic Oath, its further historical development and its today's validity or applicability. It was examined whether its text can compete in present times and which parts are still valid and which have been overcome. For this purpose, there was used a comparison of interpretation of content of the Hippocratic Oath with present moral codes in medicine, specifically with the Czech Medical Chamber Code and the Nurse Code of Ethics.In the introductory chapter of my Bachelor´s thesis, there are defined basic concepts related to the Hippocratic Oath, such as ethics, morality, medical ethics, relations between ethics and the law and basic medical principles. The next chapter deals with the author of the Oath, his teachings, times and circumstances of creation of the Hippocratic Oath, development of changes in the text of medical sponzes connected to changes in the society. The third chapter is dedicated to history of medicine from death of Hippocrates to present days.The last section is dedicated to the text analysis of the Hippocratic Oath in connection with current status of the medical field, and at the same time there was carried out a comparison of its text with applicable codes mentioned above. Aim of this thesis, in addition to interpretation and validity findings of the Hippocratic Oath, is to reveal identical and different elements referring to its text in the codes. Mutual comparison revealed that ethical issues of both codes are in accordance with the Hippocratic Oath. General ethical principles like decency, thoughtfulness and mutual respect are concepts, which have effect even today. I would say that in some points the Hippocratic Oath is obsolete and does not have anything to offer today. However, the opposite is true. Nowadays, medicine develops at an incredible pace and good relations between the physician and the patient slowly fade away. The patient is increasingly becoming some kind of material substance. Physicians often carry out their work under pressure of environment, insurance companies, pharmaceutical and other companies. Decency, empathy and good manners are disappearing. Nowadays, the Hippocratic Oath cannot fully encompass all complicated relationships and problems physicians face during their performance of their occupation, and according to these problems they should choose actual ethical practices. Despite its age, however, it is still accepted by laical and professional public for its unquestionable moral legacy.
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Posing problems with a given structure by pre-service teachers
Hošpesová, A. ; Tichá, Marie
Posing problems of given structure is considered as a way of fostering teachers’ competence. We work with schemas from two perspectives: (a) schema as visualization of process of problem solving, (b) schema as representation of the structure of problem. We focused on the question: What problems do students pose if they are given a branched chain which represents the structure problem or solving procedure? Findings of ongoing research from work with teacher students are given.
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Developing communicative competence through online discussion tasks: computer mediated communication and the skill of writing
Tůma, František ; Píšová, Michaela (advisor) ; Betáková, Lucie (referee) ; Dontcheva Navratilova, Olga (referee)
This dissertation deals with the developing and development of EFL learners' communicative competence in writing in a blended learning course. The dissertation addresses issues related to the conceptualization of developing communicative competence and measuring learners' progress as well as using ICT in foreign language teaching. The underlying research question was whether learners' communicative competence changed after using a series of online discussion tasks, and if so, in what manner. The empirical research was conducted as a case study in which 18 learners in an EFL course at the CEFR A2 level participated in three discussion tasks conducted online, using asynchronous discussion forum. The discussions were built on social constructivist learning theories. Methods of data collection and analysis included pre- and post-tests, learner corpus compiled from the texts written by the students in two online discussions and its analysis, and a questionnaire survey. The results showed that learners' overall level of communicative competence in writing improved. Specifically, the syntactic complexity of learners' language produced at the beginning and at the end of the course increased and learners' perceived fluency in writing improved. These findings support the claim that learners' active participation in...
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Business Plan for the Establisment and Development of the Company focused on Increasing Finacial and Econominal Competences.
Škramlíková, Renata ; Stejskalová, Irena (advisor) ; Zemanová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of my final thesis is to create a business plan in order to found a new company called EkonomLife s.r.o. The company will primarily provide training and education to increase financial literacy of population of South Bohemia. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I describe basic segments of the business plan and explain the area of education specializing in finance and financial literacy. In particular, I focus on the game "VirtuLife", which is a crucial instrument for teaching financial literacy and at the same time a marketing instrument suitable for communication with target groups of clients of the new company. In the practical part of the thesis, I analyse internal and external environment of the company and I suggest convenient sales and marketing strategy based on the previously collected data. At the same time, I evaluate financial possibilities of the company by compiling a founding budget. At the end of my work I come to a conclusion that foundation of such company is very risky at this time and it would be better to find different ways how to address potential clients.
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Electronic Media in Professional Education
Houšková, Radomíra ; Novák, Daniel (advisor) ; Švejda, Gabriel (referee) ; Zlámal, Jiří (referee)
SUMMARY: The objective of this dissertation is to map, analyse and assess the role of modern information and communication technologies in the field of media education within the initial training and lifelong professional education provided by the police training colleges in the Czech Republic. Media literacy is a part of core competency of each individual in the current societal epoch, which is defined by the communication explosion. The issues of media education are pursued by media pedagogy. The work submitted analyses the scope of media education elements within the individual teaching subjects which are parts of police educational programmes approved by the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic. The research part of the thesis focuses on assessing the media literacy level of Czech police officers. The method of questionnaire investigation of the students of the initial professional training course provided by the police training colleges in the Czech Republic was used for the purpose of the research investigation. Subsequent relevant information was obtained through an unstructured interview with a senior official of the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic. The outcome of the dissertation is characterised by the detailed statistical description of the acquired data and the concluding evaluation of...
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Readiness of kindergarten teachers to integrate mental handicapped children into their classrooms
MARKOVÁ, Romana
This thesis deals with the integration of children with mental disabilities and how this problem is viewed by teachers in preschools. The theoretical part is focused on terms related to this topic. It is mainly the concept of mental retardation and its classification, then the term of integration and its classifications. The second half of the theoretical part is devoted to early childhood education and its objectives, legal regulations and also contains pros and cons of integration in preschool education. The last chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to teachers and their competences to teach a child with a mental disability. The practical part is focused on preschool teachers. It is prepared on the basis of a questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire are shown here and in the discussion section we can find answers to predetermined research questions.
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English for Tourism
JELÍNKOVÁ, Renata
The thesis is focused on ESP, English for Specific Purposes, namely English for tourism. Another specific feature is that it focuses on one particular student and the preparation of an individual course for him. In this thesis the student's needs are analyzed, the course syllabus is developed and teaching materials are prepared. After the study of the theoretical literature, the needs of the particular student are analyzed in terms of language needs, language skills and intercultural competence. The analysis is carried out through a guided interview and synthesized in a case study. A one-semester course syllabus design is the result of the analysis. In accordance with the syllabus, the lesson plans containing specific topic, aim, language skills, language sub-skills and teaching materials are created.
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Language training as a part of workplace education programs
Cardová, Silvie ; Matoušková, Zdeňka (referee) ; Mužík, Jaroslav (advisor)
The bachelor's thesis Language training as a part of workplace education programs includes five following chapters: Basic definitions connected with language training, The main factors of foreign teaching-learning, Concept of language training in the company, Motivation and foreing languages and certification, All thesis focused on participant in language training in the company, his possibilities and barriers in developing language competencies. Simultaneously, the thesis reflects current trend in language learning in companies, when language training is not any longer for all employees and as well is not a standard or benefit. Language training is aimed on reaching results but only for employees who really need it for their daily work and who are interested in developing their language knowledge.
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The Role of Cultural Studies as a Mediator of Intercultural Learning in Foreign Language Teaching, Particularly in German as a Foreign Language
Nečasová, Pavla ; Kouřimská, Milada (advisor) ; Höppnerová, Věra (referee) ; Váňová, Miroslava (referee)
It is evident that with the current political and economic situation in Europe inter-cultural communication is a necessity. A tool in the process of communication is Ianguage; in a multicultural Europe this means the languages of the particular nationalities. This fact increases the importance of Ianguage education with the goal of creating communication competence. The creation of communication skills and habits is more effective if it reflects real communication situations, ones which are connected to the needs of providing and receiving information. In the process of Ianguage learning, two things should be involved, Ianguage learning itself and also studying generál cultural knowledge. For this reason, foreign Ianguage teaching today is founded on a principle of integration. This principle assumes the complex character of foreign Ianguage learning, and therefore in the current didactics of. foreign languages, together with Ianguage knowledge, points out the importance of sociolinguistic and inter-cultural knowledge and skills which help one to learn the foreign Ianguage, so students can adequately communicate without any misunderstandings. This knowledge and these skills should be preformed and learned through cultural studies. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Development of students' competence in project teaching of mathematics
Olšáková, Věra ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
Význam slova projekt je odvozen z latinského slova proicio {hodit, vrhnout vpřed, napřáhnout). V pedagogické literatuře nenajdeme jednoznačné vymezení pojmu projekt. Ve většině případů se hovoří rovnou o projektové výuce a projektovém vyučování. Projekt se tedy vyznačuje koncentrací na žáky a svou sociální výchovně-vzdělávací hodnotou - v průběhu řešení se silně uplatňuje i sociální učení. Řešení projektu tedy přispívá nejen ke vzdělávání žáků po obsahové stránce, ale také k utváření jejich sociálních, komunikačních a dalších dovedností. Svým přiblížením životu velice podporuje vnitřní motivací žáků.
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