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The relation between man and community in Plato's Republic
Felix, Filip ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
The main aim of this work is to grasp the relation between man and city in Plato's Republic. In order to fulfill it, it will be necessary to investigate the problem of unity of soul and city. To what extent can we understand this unity? The question can also be placed as follows: Can a man truly be himself and if so, what this identity is based on? Is the perfect city internally united? What part does a man play in it? To answer these questions, it is necessary to explore parts of the soul, the concept of virtues, the relationship of body and soul and to characterize city and its parts. I will emphasize the role of philosopher because he represents harmony of virtues in the highest degree and the rule of reason over other parts of the soul. He also makes the perfect city possible. This is why philosopher as a perfect man is the explanation of the constitutive and reciprocal relation between man and city.
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Ethical values in the Old and New Testament
Proroková, Marie ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The thesis consists of two main parts. The first part focuses on the ethical values in the Old and New Testament. At the beginning basic concepts are defined, that are essential for the thesis and are related to ethics and moral evaluation. The first part centres on the important events that shaped society and that come from The Bible (Creation, The Ten Commandments, God's contracts with the nation of Israel, the life of Jesus Christ, the parables, The Sermon on the Mount and The Lord's Prayer). The thesis also compares these values with the philosophy of Socrates and then with the approach, that Jan Amos Comenius offered in his work. The second part analyzes views of Christian ethical values today : whether there is a need to know these values, why we should strive for their observance, whether they are current and whether people (Christians and atheists ) honor and follow them. On the basis of the second section I conclude, that our culture is formed under the strong influence of Christianity, these values are still held and are considered important for the functioning of human relationships and society. Although it may seem that these values are not held today, they are still an ideal within our culture and people are trying to achieve them in their lifes.
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Logos in Aristotle's ethics
Adamec, Jaromír ; Špinka, Štěpán (advisor) ; Thein, Karel (referee)
The aim of the diploma theses "Logos in Aristotle Ethics" is to interpret meaning of the term "logos" in Aristotle's work "Nicomachean Ethics". The basic methodical guideline is the structuralist assumption, that a meaning of a term is determined by its relations to other terms contained within the text, and the related assumption of unity of the meaning of the term "logos". The interpretation itself first analyzes structure of several crucial terms, most importantly the relation of a human individual to the society, the concepts of the good, the reality and the possibility, the true and the illusory, and the concept of the natural. The structure of use of the term "logos" is then analyzed in relation to these concepts. These investigations are completed by analysis of the terms of virtue and action. By the means of the structural analysis of these terms, the existence of a distinctive level of reality is established, which is captured by the term "humanity". The existence of humanity is the central point of interest in Aristotle's ethics. In the horizontal regard, there are two poles of humanity - the individual human and the society. In the vertical regard, the humanity is situated between divinity, to which it is related, and bestiality, to which it threatens to fall. Logos is then a kind of...
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Altruism and Culture
Stehlíková, Jana ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is theoretical analysis of altruism. Altruism is studied on three structural levels of cultural elements in culturology - a level of genus, a level of socio-cultural factors and a level of an individual. The work is focused on altruism in philosophical conception, the view from the viewpoint of cultural anthropology, psychological approach and findings of evolutionary biology and evolutionary social sciences. Altruism is nowadays discussed from the view of natural sciences (evolutionary biology, sociobiology, ethology) as well as from the perspective of social sciences (cultural anthropology, cultural psychology, cultural philosophy). This stands the altruism as a controversial issue in the discussion between the followers of cultural and biological determinism. The integration of the findings about altruism in natural and social sciences is an important condition of interdisciplinary approach and can contribute to culturological synthesis of theories of altruism.
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Comparison of Augustin and Thomas Aquinas philosophy and ethics
Havránek, Zdeněk ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
This Thesis deals with the philosophy and ethics of St.Thomas Aquinas and of St. Augustine. At first I characterize the time period then I am focusing on each cathegory concerning moral life of human being in the world such as God, soul, will, goodness, evil and happiness as well. My goal is to show the real purpose of human existence and to show how both philosophers understand individual topics, what is the same and different in their opinion.
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Care of the Soul
Horáková, Hana ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Prázný, Aleš (referee)
Annotation: This bachelor's thesis is engaged in care of the soul as a task and possibility for a person who tries not only to cultivate and educate themselves, but also to be good - as a good and just citizen who contributes by good lives of all people around them through reciprocity and responsibility for human souls. And mainly those who try to be good and focus on true ideas and try to live authentic life of enhanced being in truth, justice and especially good. All people hold this wonderful possibility in their hands and it is only up to them which way they choose.
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Basic human values in the environmental education of nursery school children
MELOUNKOVÁ, Jana
The topic of this work are the basic human values, which can be pre-school children familiarized with through environmental education. Environmental education and the definition of the basic human values follows after physical, psychical and social characteristics of the pre-school age. The methodology of pre-school education, which outlines the basic human values to children through environmental education, is based on the explanation of the key terms. The aim of this work was to verify the possibility that, even though the education plan is based on the focus on the basic human values in environmental education, it still follows the demand for the general development of pre-school children. The work was also focussed on a question whether a new dimension in this field of values can be found in the pre-school age.
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Good in the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle
TOMÁŠKOVÁ, Kateřina
The present thesis deals with the question of goodness in ethical thinking of Plato and Aristotle. The work aims to answer two research questions: How did Plato and Aristotle perceive the essence of goodness in human life? What are we supposed to do in order to accomplish human well-being? The first chapter contains a brief summary of ethical ideas of both philosophers. In the following chapters their concepts of areté, soul and goodness are analysed and compared. The comparison supports the fact that both Plato and Aristotle basically agreed on the essence of human goodness. They consider it the sole criterion of human well-being, both of them connect it with moral values and argue that it can be only achived through life in accordance with the virtues. On the other hand, Plato and Aristotle differ from each other in the way how can be such human goodness and well-being achieved. Aristotle's views based on the ethical issues, however, can not be perceived as totally different from those of Plato, but rather as a further elaboration and supplement of his ideas and opinions.
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