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Zirkonové a chirální staiconární fáze ve farmaceutické analýze
Kučera, Radim ; Sochor, Jaroslav (vedoucí práce) ; Blešová, Marie (oponent) ; Pospíšilová, Marie (oponent)
Disertační práce Souhrn Vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie doznala za dobu své existence velkého rozmachu. Moderní, počítačem řízená a uživatelsky přívětivá chromatografická instrumentace umožňuje provádět denně až několik desítek chromatografických analýz na jednom přístroji. Pomocí HPLC lze analyzovat velmi široké spektrum látek od silně nepolárních po polární a od nízkomolekulárních až po látky s vysokou molekulovou hmotností. Vhodnou volbou chromatografické kolony, mobilní fáze a detekční techniky lze analyzovat i značně komplikované směsi a získat informace jak kvalitativní, tak i kvantitativní. Pro tyto vlastnosti je HPLC široce využívána nejen ve farmaceutické analýze, ale stala se nepostradatelnou metodou např. v biologii, lékařských vědách, kontrole životního prostředí, průmyslových procesech a hodnocení jakosti různých výrobků. Separační kolona je nejdůležitější součást chromatografického systému. Dostupnost stabilních, vysokoúčinných chromatografických kolon je nezbytným předpokladem pro vývoj robustní a reprodukovatelné HPLC metody. Většina separací je dnes realizována na reverzních silikagelových stacionárních fázích. Tento fenomén je dán mnoha pozitivními vlastnostmi silikagelu (mechanická odolnost, dobře zvládnutá technologie výroby silikagelových částic, snadná modifikace povrchu,...
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Circadian clock genes in insects
BAZALOVÁ, Olga
This thesis focuses on molecular characterization of circadian clock genes in insects. It explores genetic diversity of circadian clock genes by molecular characterization of several insect species including two dipteran flies (Musca domestica and Drosophila melanogaster), two cockroach species representing ancestral insects, and the linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus. Furthermore it considers various roles of circadian clock genes in insect physiology. Application of molecular-biology methods in Pyrrhocoris apterus, non-model insect species, enable us to investigate involvement of circadian clock genes in photoperiod induced physiological responses. Application of molecular-biology methods in Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica was used to explore involvement of circadian clock genes in magnetoreception.
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Diabetes mellitus negatively affects male reproductive parameters in vivo
Valášková, Eliška ; Žatecká, Eva ; Pavlínková, Gabriela ; Bohuslavová, Romana ; Dorosh, Andriy ; Elzeinová, Fatima ; Kubátová, Alena ; Margaryan, Hasmik ; Pěknicová, Jana
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15% of couples in reproductive age suffer from infertility problems, and up to 60% of cases are caused by male factor. This could be caused by genetic background, environmental factors and various diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the impact of DM on male fertility is not fully understood. . The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DM on reproductive parameters and sperm quality, using mouse model. DM (type 1) was induced by Streptozotocin in FVB inbred mouse strain. Mice with blood sugar levels higher than 13.9 mmol/L were considered diabetic. After 4 weeks of diabetes exposure, diabetic males were bred with wild type females and transgenerational effect of DM was assessed. Selected morphological, cellular, and molecular parameters of diabetic males and their male offspring were compared to appropriate controls. There was an increased in sperm fragmentation and abnormalities of sperm morphology in diabetic mice in both generations. An increased staining with apoptotic marker annexin V was also detected in the diabetic groups. Furthermore, a presence of protamines as major sperm nuclear proteins was analysed. Protamine 1 to protamine 2 ratio (P1/P2), a marker of male fertility, was altered in sperms of experimental diabetic animals in both generations. Our findings indicate that DM type 1 negatively affects sperm quality and P1/P2 ratio and this negative effect is transmitted to the progeny
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Mobilization of neutral compounds by inorganic and small organic ions in capillary electrophoresis
Křížek, T. ; Martínková, E. ; Kubíčková, A. ; Hladílková, Jana ; Coufal, P. ; Heyda, J. ; Jungwirth, Pavel
The present study shows that neutral low-molecular-mass compounds that are presumed to possess zero electrophoretic mobility and are thus used as markers of electroosmotic flow in capillary electrophoresis can acquire electrophoretic mobility due to ion-specific interactions with constituents of background electrolyte. Therefore, these neutral markers, such as thiourea or dimethyl sulfoxide, can be separated in electric field and their migration order can vary depending on background electrolyte composition. This observation has some important implications for analytical and physico-chemical measurements using capillary electrophoresis because the choice of the marker-background electrolyte combination can influence the results of the measurement.
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