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Surgical treatment of diabetic macular edema
Aboutable, Tarek ; Kalvodová, Bohdana (advisor) ; Korda, Vladimír (referee) ; Boguszaková, Jarmila (referee)
Diabetic macular edema is the most common cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients. Precise pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema is unclear and seems to be multifactorial and includes pericyte loss, microaneurysm formation, basement membrane thickening and focal closure of the capillary bed, vitreomacular traction, and ultimately breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier with increased vascular permeability. Risk factors for clinical significant diabetic macular edema are hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, duration of diabetes, and pregnancy. The increasing number of individuals with diabetes worldwide suggests that diabetic macular edema will continue to be major contributors to vision loss and associated functional impairment in the working-age population of most developed countries. Although eyes with diffuse macular edema carry a particularly poor prognosis despite laser photocoagulation, laser treatment is still the first choice of treatment for diabetic macular edema as it is safety and less invasive that other surgical options. Diffuse diabetic macular edema is characterized by diffuse leakage from extensive areas of the posterior retinal capillary bed, a scarcity of hard exudates, and often the formation of cystoid spaces. Focal macular edema, in contrast, is characterized by...
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Diseases caused by ionizing radiation and their prevention
Hřib, Zdeněk ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
3 SUMMARY The text summarizes some of the newest knowledge about effects of the ionizing radiation on various levels of the biological systems and recent recommendations for radiological protection. First chapter of this diploma work gives a brief definition of ionizing radiation, possible sources, summary of its interactions with matter and description of the dosimetric quantities. Second chapter focuses on biological effects of the ionizing radiation. With development of micro-beam technology, the newest research has finally confirmed the assumption of DNA as the main target cell structure for ionizing radiation damage. Apart from well known stochastic effects (cancerogenic and those, causing hereditary and chronic diseases) caused by non-lethal cell damage and organ and tissue reaction (formerly known as non-stochastic or deterministic effect, eg. acute radiation syndrome, acute local damage, chronic radiodermatitis and cataract) caused by lethal cell damage also issues like low dose threshold, in utero exposure risk and newest recommendations for weighting factors are discussed here. Last chapter is dedicated to targets and principles of radiological protection for patients, workers and other population.
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Experimental testing of elasticity modulus for base layers of pavements
Kotas, Vojtěch ; Mondschein,, Petr (referee) ; Stehlík, Dušan (advisor)
The thesis is focused on experimental testing of resilient modulus Mr with triaxial test of chosen unbounded and bounded mixtures used in the sub-base layer of pavement. The reason of testing is to compare results with TP 170 – pavement construction guide containing commonly used values of resilient modulus Mr. Thesis should check if those values are correct and real. For classification of chosen materials there are used another tests like grain size distribution, compaction, California bearing ratio CBR for unbounded mixtures and compressive strength for cement-bounded mixtures.
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Changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides in cholestasis associated with other markers of pathological processes in hepatocytes.
Petr, Tomáš ; Muchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Mičuda, Stanislav (referee) ; Befekadu, Asfaw (referee)
This thesis is focused on the study of glycosphingolipids in the rat liver in different types of cholestasis and the effect of oxidative stress on changes in the composition and localization of gangliosides. First, it was necessary to optimize the immunochemical detection of glycosphingolipids. GM1 ganglioside was selected as a representative of a large glycolipid family. We found that minimum water content in the fixing solution was a key condition for fixation of histological sections. Optimized method of GM1 detection was subsequently used in in vivo experiments. We have demonstrated that estrogen-induced cholestasis characterized by high concentrations of bile acids and increased oxidative stress caused changes in the synthesis and distribution of liver gangliosides. HMOX induction is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress level and accompanied by normalization in GSL content. In experiments with obstructive cholestasis, we found that changes in the distribution and synthesis of gangliosides were not strictly specific to a particular type of cholestasis. We assume that it represents a general mechanism of hepatoprotection. We also confirmed the important role of bilirubin, product of HMOX reaction, in protection of hepatocytes against oxidative damage caused by high concentrations of...
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The Rise of Protest Parties in Southern Europe
Třasáková, Irina ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee)
This thesis analyzes the rise of populist parties in southern Europe - italian Five Star Movement, greek SYRIZA and spanish Podemos. The aim is to define the key factors, that contributed to the perception of these protest political formations as political alternatives. The thesis chronologically follows development of examined political parties. Further it defines their strategy in terms of levels of protests and programme. Finally it outlines probable transformations of party systems, which is caused by the rise of protest parties.
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Creativity and Creative Industries: Redefinition of Economy and Culture
Kubaš, Mario ; Patočka, Jiří (advisor) ; Riedlbauch, Václav (referee) ; Kloudová, Věra (referee)
A dissertation entitled Creativity and Creative industries: Redefinition of Culture and Creativity presents a current paradigmatic shift, deep-rooted in 80th . The study is divided into three main parts. First one analyses a change of paradigm using a cultural, economic and psychological approach. The second part employing a cultural statistics method describes the changes in a cultural consumption and participation. The final part proposes two possible scenarios of a future position of a mainstream cultural production. In the introductory part an author delineates four main reasons of the ongoing paradigmatic shift: the radical change of a geopolitical situation in the break of 80th and 90th causing the democracy a liberalism expansion; an intellectual migration in 90th provoking an increasing concurrence among the educational institutions; a digital revolution redefining the communication principles and their space-time dimension, being at the same time a part of an economic revolution consisting in an enhancing trade of intangible goods; a growing interest in cultural and creative goods becoming a nourishment of current paradigmatic shift. These processes are resulting in a concept of culture and creative industries which represent a new kind of symbiosis between culture and economy. The study...
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Optimizing the distribution of participants in summer camps
Hlavenka, Vojtěch ; Kuncová, Martina (advisor) ; Skočdopolová, Veronika (referee)
The aim of the thesis is the mathematical model, which is capable to divide participants of large summer camps into groups, according to specific limitations. The first part describes the economics model and all valid conditions. The second part is devoted to theoretical description. There are mentioned the basics of mathematical programming and the basic of working with Excel and VBA. The thesis describes only actually used methods. The following third part shows the final form of the model. So the reader doesn´t have to go through the whole process, described in the fourth part. There is a model testing in the fourth part, especially with the help of the Excel Solver. The problems are sold immediately. That is the reason why the fifth part can be used for implementation of working environment, which allows the end user to run the model without any significant knowledge of the issue. The app uses the wide possibilities of VBA. The sixth part briefly describes other add-ins, that are able to solve mathematical problem. The conclusion summarizes all the previous parts and offeres solution, that would be used in real application of the thesis.
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Čínský realitní trh - současný stav, trendy a vyhlídky
Slavík, Petr ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vlčková, Jana (referee)
The aim of this work is to describe the phenomena of bubble in the financial, but especially in the real estate market; based on gained information, the current situation of Chinese real estate market is described. This work is divided into theoretical and more practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the definition of bubble, bubbles in asset market, real estate market bubbles specifics and its causes analysis, identification and implications for the economy. Also, the Japanese real estate bubble is described. The second part describes the evolution of Chinese real estate market and provides overview of the milestones in its evolution. Moreover, it deals with specifics of the Chinese real estate market and explains the factors behind the rise in prices. Further in second part, situation on Chinese housing market is compared with the one in Japan during real estate bubble. Furthermore, this thesis explains how state government can coordinate, regulate and intervene on the market and comes up with short-term outlook.
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The issue of infertility in the Czech Republic: an analysis of the success of assisted reproduction
Plačková, Veronika ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
The subject of my thesis is to analyze the evolution of the reproductive behavior of the Czech population to assess changes over time, especially after 1989 and to analyze the success of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic in the period 2007 to 2013. It is divided into several parts. The first theoretical part describes the change in reproductive behavior after 1989, risk factors and causes of female and male infertility, possible tratments of diagnosed infertility and various methods of assisted reproduction. Another analytical part is dedicated to the evolution of fertility and the phenomenon of childlessness of young women. Some indicators are compared with selected European countries for an overall assessment. Subsequently are analyzed in detail the most widely used methods of assisted reproduction IVF, ICSI and kryoembryotransfer and of using indicators Pregnancy rate and Take-home baby rate is assessed their effectiveness. The thesis is supplemented by own research reproductive and family behavior on a selected sample of the Czech population.
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The Czech Republic's Debt Financing: Causes and Risks of the Current Situation on the Bond Markets
Švadleňák, Michal ; Pavelek, Petr (advisor) ; Pekárek, Štěpán (referee)
This thesis is focused on the comparison of methods of financing budget deficits and national debt management in the Czech Republic with other OECD countries in the context of the current situation on the global financial market. The first part describes the methods of financing budget deficits in the Czech Republic which are compared with selected OECD countries. The second part is aimed at the impact of foreign exchange interventions of the Czech National Bank on the domestic bond market and it is compared with negative interest rates policy. The last part analyses the impact of the Public Sector Purchase Programme on the Czech Republic's bond market. The thesis implies that besides other factors, foreign exchange intervention of the Czech National Bank have an impact on the current situation on the bond market. While the impact of the programme PSPP has not yet proved.
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