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Handicapped person in the contemporary Czech prose for children and youth
Čumpelík, Karel ; Brožová, Věra (advisor) ; Hník, Ondřej (referee)
Resume The thesis deals with monitoring image of handicapped person in present Czech literature for children and youth. It involves creation from the 90th of the 20th century. Its aim is focusing on selected representative works of various authors and identifies the way of inclusion the physical, mental and social handicap. Selected works are different, they vary in genre, approach to disability and also in age of target readers. The reasons for this diversity is capture the range of options to solve this task as clearly as possible. The primary aspect is in particular literary and aesthetic, but the thesis also affects the emerging elements of educational, moral and ethical. It is engaged in construction of the main character and other characters, while the deciding recognition of differences is when the main character has handicap and on the other hand when handicap is viewed from a distance. In this diversity is also important the narrative perspective, that with their variations can lead to emphasize the heart of disabled person and his own emotionality, or more likely monitor the interaction of handicapped individual with world and other people. The thesis also investigates, whether there are any genre clichés, such superficially happy ending, or over-idealization of characters and considers modelling...
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The Mašín Myth. Ideologies in Czech Literature and Culture since the Second Half of the 20th century until the Present Day
Švéda, Josef ; Janoušek, Pavel (advisor) ; Bílek, Petr (referee) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
This dissertation analyses narratives of the Mašín brothers and their father, Josef Mašín senior. The Mašín brothers established what they called 'a resistance group' against the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia, which between 1951 and 1952 killed three people. The brothers, alongside the other member of the group, Milan Paumer, escaped from the country in 1953, heading for the Western sectors of Berlin. Despite more than 20,000 East German and Soviet troops hunting them, the group reached West Berlin safely. Later, the brothers went to the USA where they joined the U.S. army. The dissertation analyzes a whole range of discourses including newspaper articles, historical papers, books, detective stories, novels, memoirs and also one episode of the Czechoslovak television series, Třicet případů majora Zemana ('Major Zeman's Thirty Cases'), entitled Strach ('Fear'), from 1975. The dissertation is conceptually embedded in cultural studies and critical theory. Drawing on Roland Barthesʼs work on mythologies, Hayden Whiteʼs theory of history and Slavoj Žižekʼs theory of ideology, the dissertation considers the relationship of the Mašín brothersʼ narrative representations with respect to the dominant ideology of the time. The first chapter of the dissertation deals with narratives produced in Communist...
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Violence in the Italian narrative literature of the 1990s
Lergetporer, Helena ; Flemrová, Alice (advisor) ; Pelán, Jiří (referee) ; Špička, Jiří (referee)
In the italian narrative of the 1990s violence appears frequently as echo of an intemational current, but also in form of a specific national trend. At the beginning of the decade the political and social situation in Italy had changed due to the fall of communism in Eastem Europe, the Tangentopoli corruption scandal, the fall of the First Republic and terrific conf1icts between the italian state and mafia. In addition we have to consider the culminating globalisation, technology and consumer process. All this strongly inf1uenced the actual violence perception in the period of the 1990s, which ends in our point of view with the terror attacks on the USA in 2001.
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No pain, no gain. A study in narratives of suffering. Kaye Gibbons's Ellen Foster & Lauren Slater's Lying
Libovická, Barbora ; Ulmanová, Hana (advisor) ; Roraback, Erik Sherman (referee)
"The experience of suffering both provokes and resists narration. It is at the hearl of many of the world's great stories (the Odyssey, the Book of Job, the Gospels, the Divine Comedy, Paradise Lost) and yet absent, in a fundamental way, from every story. Because intense suffering takes language away, retrospective narration can seem futile, even falsifying. Moreover, it often raises more questions than it answers. (Who or what is responsible for suffering? Is it merited? What ends it? How can it be made commensurable with the rest of ones's life? What is its meaning? How does one cope with it?) In spite of all this, sufferers continue to tug at the shirls/eeves of passersby, and passersby continue to stop, listen and fall into the sufferers's story. Why?" My opening paragraph is a description of a course that I discovered in the Bard College Course Catalogue for the fall semester 2001 - the year of the falling towers. I was immediately intrigued by the description, having myself experienced great loss, and suffering from it again despite a long passage of time and coping. The course was called Narratives of Suffering, drew on literature from the American literary canon, and proved to be very enriching and inspiring. Starting chronologically with short stories of captivity and shipwreck narratives, we later...
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Ring-opening Polymerization of Lactones and Lactides
Boháčová, Zdeňka ; Cihlář, Jaroslav (referee) ; Lehocký,, Marián (referee) ; Vojtová, Lucy (advisor)
Medicínské aplikace tvoří z biodegradabilních alifatických polyesterů na bázi polylaktonů, polylaktidů a jejich kopolymerů velmi atraktivní skupinu materiálů. Metody přípravy těchto polymerů jsou založeny na polymeraci za otevření kruhu laktonů a laktidů. Mnoho organokovových sloučenin se vyznačují jako účinné a vysoce selektivní katalyzátory těchto polymerací, avšak je známo, že deriváty těžkých kovů jsou škodlivé pro lidský organismus. Z tohoto důvodu je v dnešní době rostoucí zájem o vývoj účinných „green“ polymeračních systémů pro syntézu biodegradabilních alifatických polyesterů. Předložená disertační práce se věnuje přípravě alifatických polyesterů založených na polykaprolaktonu, polylaktidu, polyglykolidu a zejména jejich kopolymeru pomocí organického katalyzátoru náležícího do skupiny N-heterocyklických karbenů (NHC) bez přítomnosti centrálního atomu těžkého kovu. Literární rešerše je zaměřená na pokroky v polymeraci za otevření kruhu (ROP) cyklických esterů (laktonů a laktidů) pomocí organických "metal-free" katalyzátorů. Nicméně, nebyly nalezeny žádné studie, kde se pro přípravu polyglykolidu nebo jeho kopolymerů využívá polymerace za otevření kruhu pomocí karbenových katalyzátorů. Experimentální část práce popisuje přípravu a vlastnosti 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidenu (NHC-tBu) karbenu připraveného z jeho stabilní chloridové soli. Další část je zaměřena na přípravu polyesterů z cyklických monomerů, jmenovitě L-laktidu, D, L-laktidu, glykolidu a -kaprolaktonu pomocí NHC-tBu jako katalyzátoru. Byla zkoumána nová metoda přípravy termosenzitivního amfifilního triblokového kopolymeru na bázi biodegradabilního hydrofobního polylaktidu, polyglykolidu a biokompatibilního hydrofilního polyethylenglykolu (PLGA–PEG–PLGA) pomocí připraveného NHC-tBu. Dále byly studovány podmínky polymerace (například: přečištění monomeru, teploty polymerace, různé typy rozpouštědel, poměry rozpouštědla ku monomeru a nebo různé poměry iniciátoru ku katalyzátoru). Na závěr byl připravený PLGA–PEG–PLGA kopolymer srovnán s kopolymerem připraveným pomocí Sn(II)2-ethylhexanoátu. NHC-tBu se v přítomnosti PEG projevil jako účinný katalyzátor polymerace za otevření kruhu laktonu a laktidů. Připravené kopolymery dosahovaly vysoké konverze monomeru (70 – 85%) s polydisperzitou (Mw/Mn okolo 1,2). Byl připraven PLGA–PEG–PLGA kopolymer se dvěma fázovými přechody (sol-gel a gel suspenze) a gelační teplotou v rozmezí 35 – 43 °C. Změny polymeračních podmínek neměly ve většině případů zásadní vliv na chemické vlastnosti kopolymeru, jako jsou molekulová hmotnost nebo polydisperzita, ale měly významný vliv na visko-elastické vlastnosti.
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Ekphrasis as a Mode of Representation
FEDROVÁ, Stanislava
The submitted thesis focuses on the use of the traditional ancient genre of ekphrasis (a specific form of description of a work of visual artefact) in modern literature. Individual interpretative perspectives are demonstrated using selected works of Czech poetry and prose from the 19th, 20th and 21th centuries (by Jaroslav Vrchlický, Julius Zeyer, Jiří Karásek ze Lvovic, Alois Jirásek, Jaroslav Durych, Jaroslav Maria, František Langer, Bohumil Hrabal and Miloš Urban). The metodological focus primarily anchors the thesis in the theory of intermediality (Werner Wolf, Irina Rajewsky); concepts from art theory and visual studies are also applied (e.g. Norman Bryson?s distinction ?the gaze? ? ?the glance?). The thesis first outlines the context of the history of ekphrasis as a rhetorical category and as a genre, the existing research on ekphrasis, and the problems of defining ekphrasis as verbal representation of a visual representation. It considers the distinction between actual and notional ekphrasis (John Hollander) from the point of view of the literary theory, and also employs the category of the pictorial model (Tamar Yacobi). The next chapter examines the role of the beholder in ekphrasis, first from the point of view of his position in the fictional world (e.g. the observer is a character in a fictional world and at the same time projects himself into the ?fictional world? of the visual representation), and second in distinguishing the mode of description and the mode of interpretation. The thesis also defines some specific ekphrastic techniques and gestures, for example: How can the act of perceiving and observing a visual representation be realized in the structure of its verbal representation? How does a static description become dynamic through direct integration of ekphrasis into the structure of the narrative ? into the structure of a particular scene (microstructure of an action) or the plot as a whole (macrostructure of a story)? What are the roles and functions of ekphrastic passages in the framework of the text as a whole (ekphrasis need not be simply a pause in the narration which is easy to eliminate)? Finally, how can the verbal medium, using its own means, imitate or simulate the media-specific techniques of another type of art.
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Narrative psychology and psychotherapy
Kulhánková, Radka ; Junková, Vendula (referee) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Existuje jistě bezpočet různých metafor, jimiž je možné popsat lidský život. Talmud mluví o životě jako o "řece, která nemá začátek ani konec". Velcí vypravěči připodobňují život k cestě, s překážkami, křižovatkami a vrcholy, nebo panoramatu - horizontu, který vidíme vždy novým pohledem podle místa, na němž se právě nacházíme. Ale patrně nejčastější metaforou života (a to nejen v psychologii) je přiOěh. Narativní psychologie, vystavěná na metafoře příběhu, je názorovým proudem, který se teprve v posledních desetiletích prosazuje do širšího povědomí. Zasahuje oblast obecné psychologie a psycholingvistiky, kvalitativní metodologie i kulturně antropologických a sociálních studií. Svojí podstatou spojuje různé přístupy ve vědách o člověku. A takovým způsobem bych jej ráda představila i v této rigorózní práci. Nejen jako živou, silnou metaforu, která vnáší do vědeckého jazyka poetický a tvořivý rozměr, ale také jako vlivný a široce aplikovatelný koncept. Jedním z hlavních motivů a inspirací pro zpracování tohoto tématu byly práce Jamese Hillmana. Podle jeho slov ztratila současná psychologie kontakt s duší. Velkým kulturním příběhům- náboženství, dramatu a literatuře, jako by byla odňata jejich léčivá moc, a jejich místo zaujala psychoterapie (podle Hillmana zatím nepříliš úspěšně). Chce-li psychoterapie opravdu...
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Ibn Sina's Hayy ibn Yaqdhan: translation and commentary
Vitásková, Magdaléna ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor) ; Ondráš, František (referee)
English Summary The present study consists of two main parts, namely translation and commentary of the philosophical-mystical recital Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (The Living, Son of the Vigilant). The author is a significant philosopher of the Islamic East Ibn Síná (980-1037), whose biography is a part of this study. Although this treatise is not his most famous work, it belongs for its strong narrative aspects, aesthetic values and depth of the symbolism to brilliant writings of classical Arabic literature. The commentary is divided into chapters that correspond to the themes contained in the treatise. The main motive represents the journey of human intellect, who is guided by the Active intellect personified in the figure of The Living, son of the Vigilant towards a higher knowledge. Once the rational soul has realized its angelic potential sets on an intelectual journey into the world of the separated forms, which is finally crowned with a vision of God. Ibn Sīnā presents through this symbolic story central elements of his teachings, namely the theory of intellect, psychology and epistemology, the theory of matter and form, cosmology, emanation theory, angelology ant theology. The secret motive and philosophical-mystical message of the treatise is love, which is as an ascending principle of the creation opposite to...
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Machinable bioceramics prepared by gelcasting method
Kolář, Martin ; Částková, Klára (referee) ; Trunec, Martin (advisor)
In the diploma thesis, overviews of the existing literature focused on the gelcasting method and based on the findings were prepared aqueous slurries of zirconium oxide for gelcasting method. These suspensions were examined for the influence of the content ceramics powder, type and content of dispersants and volume of initiator on viscosity of aqueous suspensions and process of polymerization. Optimum ceramic suspension had 45 vol.% of ceramic powder which was stabilized by 0,5 weight % of dispersant Dolapix CE 64. Polymerization running at room temperature was initiated by 0,175 weight % of ammonium persufate without accelerator. Microstructure of prepared ceramic blanks and sintered bodies was compared with body prepared by isostatic pressing. For the machining tests were prepared blanks in disc-shaped.
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Two autorst - Two works - Two images of the world (Vladimír Neff - Jaroslaw Iwaszkiewicz)
Sikora, Dorota ; Stejskalová, Anna (advisor) ; Hrabáková, Jaroslava (referee)
Resumé v anglickém jazyce Summary This thesis is an attempt to show two authors and mainly two of their major works created in two different cultures, concluded by comparison of these two key works. Vladimír Neff, through his five-part cycle of novels Sňatky z rozumu (and following) dealing to the broad extent with the lives of members of Born and Nedobyl families, has proved his outstanding narrative skills which, together with a fair dose of irony and perfect knowledge of historical facts, make this pentalogy Neff's life work that in a remarkable manner made its way into the history of Czech literature. The author draws very accurate picture of Prague changing over a hundred of years and portrays the glamour of the age that is to be noted for the pursuit of economic and technological progress. Thanks to psychologically very thoroughly and accurately depicted key figures of the founders of abovementioned families, some of which were given the typically bourgeois features by Neff, the readers become close witnesses of their rise and fall. Jaroslaw Iwaszkiewicz in his relatively extensive work Čest a sláva presents the life of two generations on the historical and social background depicted in great detail. It captures the hasty and sometimes breakneck changes in the modern history and the fate of the Polish...
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