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Diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases by means of Raman spectroscopy
Klener, Jakub ; Kopecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Matějka, Pavel (referee)
Therapies of neurodegenerative diseases are often very difficult and their success depend on an early diagnose. From that reason we have been developing new diagnostic method for multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease by drop coating deposition Raman (DCDR) spectroscopy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in this work. We found out conditions of measurements, where spectra were reproducible and accepted for standard diagnostic practices. We discovered that CSF has fast degradation at a room temperature, which was detectable in spectra after 5 hours, and degradation due to refreezing. DCDR spectra of CSF from individual patients were analyzed by factor and cluster analysis. Multiple sclerosis was manifested by lower intensity of a Raman band at 1080 cm−1 , which is probably connected with more general pathologic state. Spectral changes caused by Alzeheimer disease were more complex and beside changes mentioned above also changes connected with composition and conformation of proteins were identified in regions 1200-1800 cm−1 and 2870-2950 cm−1 . Additionally, we succeeded in distinguishing of young healthy patients from older patients in DCDR spectra. In this work were checked up, that DCDR is good diagnostic method for clinical practices for determining neurodegenerative diseases through the complex...
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Painful vertebral syndrome in nurse of ICU
Hendrychová, Lucie ; Eislerová, Iva (advisor) ; Mečíř, Petr (referee)
Aj: The main goal of my thesis was to confirm high prevalence of back pain among nursing staff, to find the most frequent location of the pain, to determine if nurses have sufficient quantity of tools for manipulation with immobile patients and if they are trained to use these tools. In addition I revealed their relaxation techniques and other preventive measures and their own suggestions for optimal back pain prevention. In my diploma paper I described basic knowledge about human kinetic system as well as main causes, clinical presentations and therapy of back pain. I mentioned characteristics of different pain syndromes. The paper also contains information about the "school of back", ergonomy, kinesthetics and about impact of heavy manual labor of nursing job. Source data for my thesis were obtained from textbooks, papers and other scientific material and from questionnaires. Proper research was conducted by quantitative analysis using anonymous questionnaires. In evaluated group of nurses the back pain was present in 79%. The most frequent was low-back pain occurring after day shift. Sufficient quantity of tools for manipulation with immobile patients was available and nurses were adequately trained for its use during their professional training. The education was usually provided by head nurse....
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Cholesterol depletion using reopheretic and apheretic processes and impact of these methods on immune system
Svrčková, Ellen ; Andrýs, Ctirad (advisor) ; Krejsek, Jan (referee)
LDL-apheresis and haemorheopheresis are the most frequent methods of extracorporeal ellimination methods used for lowering the LDL cholesterol in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). In case of failure of conservative therapy (represented by pharmacotherapy and/or dietary regime) these methods reprensent the effective and accessible solution for the clinical status characterized by high morbidity and mortality as well. The lipid components are the most frequent observed markers for the effeciveness of intervention. However, immunity with its effector molecules plays also essential role and there is suppose, that could also reflect the state and progress of atherosclerosis in FH patients. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the levels of selected immunological markers (plasmatic glykoprotein α-2-macroglobulin, IL-10, soluble endoglin, soluble apoptotic factor sAPO-Fas and soluble form of adhesive P-selectin) and their changes after LDL-apheresis and haemorheopheresis employing enzyme immunoanalysis and immuno nephelometry. Totally, 12 patients were involved in this study, 3 were treated by haemorheopheresis, the rest 9 received LDL-apheresis. As a results, significant decreases in serum levels of α-2- macroglobulin, soluble endoglin and sAPO-1/Fas were recorded. Observed changes of...
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Educational program for clients of home parenteral nutrition
Nováková, Alena ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Vaňková, Dana (referee) ; Rybářová, Marie (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals about the education of home parenteral nutrition. Generally, the theoretical part provides a comprehensive overview of education in nursing and parenteral nutrition and gives its specifications in the home environment. The empirical part refers to the possible problems relating to the nurse and the patient, which were solved by questionnaire. Based on the delivered data I have prepared proposal of an educational program for clients on home parenteral nutrition.
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Preparation of patient prior to application intravenous of contrast medium in relation to the prevention of renal failure
PUCHOLTOVÁ, Lenka
The topic of the bachelor thesis is the patient preparation prior to intravenous contrast in relation to the prevention of renal failure. The theoretical part deals with the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, provides information about the contrast media of their properties, uses and side effects. At the end of the theoretical part describes the contrast medium-induced nephropathy. In the practical part I focused on finding out what is the incidence of contrast nephropathy in individuals with normal creatinine levels depending on the amount of contrast agent and the preparation of the patient. I obtained the data from the hospital information system Masaryk Hospital Townsville. The database contained a set of hospitalized patients in the years 2009 - 2011, which were performed CT examinations associated with the administration of iodinated contrast media. Part of the personal data of patients, the tests used, the type and amount of contrast agent and creatinine values. Since creatinine values were available for all patients, the final database was created from 938 patients with baseline of normal creatinine levels before the examination for which they may be level <than 130 mmol/l. The final group of patients was analyzed according to the defined aims and statistically processed. Hypothesis of this study: the incidence of contrast nephropathy in individuals with normal creatinine levels depending on the amount of contrast agent as a suitable preparation of patients prior to administration of iodinated contrast material does not exceed 10% - was confirmed. In the investigated group of patients was proved preventive effect of patient preparation before the test - hydration. A higher incidence of CN was observed in the group of patients whose preparation has taken place.
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The use of comet assay for the estimation of DNA damage during the anticancer chemotherapy.
Voříšková, Jana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
We have monitored the DNA damage induced by tumor chemotherapy. The combination of platin derivate (cis-platine or carboplatin) and another chemotherapy agent (gemcitabin, paclitaxel or vinorelbin) was applied to patients with lung carcinoma. The whole chemotherapy includes 4 cycles. We have monitored the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes through the first and the third cycle of chemotherapy and 3 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy. For detection we have used comet assay which seems to be accurate and reliable method. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood through the medium LSM lymfocyte and then were processed by the alkaline version of the single cell gel electrophoresis. We have analysed single strand breaks (SSB) and interstrand cross links (ICL). For the measurement of ICL isolated lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of 200 µM of styrene oxide (SO) to degrade the DNA by inducing strand breaks. Incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with 200 µM SO leads to the formation of comets. If ICLs are present in the DNA, the alkaline unwinding of DNA is blocked and the % of DNA in tail is reduced. Comets were stained with ethidium bromide and then analyzed by the software LUCIA Comet Assay. The damage of DNA caused by SSB before the chemotherapy was relatively low and...
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Epidemiologic aspects Methicilin-resistent strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection
Kultanová, Mária ; Janovská, Daniela (advisor)
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a feared pathogen,that causes many therapeutic problems in the hospitals worldwide. The danger of this bacteria lies espacially in its resistance to antibiotics. The loss of sensitivity to antibiotics is determined by the insertion of a special gene into a chromosome of the initially sensitive strain. Sensitivity or resistance of the strain does not affect the ivasivity of the strain. The spectrum of diseases caused by this agent is broad and includes infections of the skin and subcutis, bones, mammary glands, middle ear, paranasal sinuses, meningitis or sepsis. Especially the last two mentioned, are particularly serious ad cause many therapeutic problems and that is why the most efficient and appropriate solution is the prevention of MRSA infections. The most important principles of prevention include correct hand washing of the patients and the medical staff, strict hygiene measures in hospital departments and the isolation of MRSA positive patients. This work mainly discusses the epidemiological aspects of MRSA infections in the Czech and Slovak Republics and compares the distribution of this dangerous pathogen in these Central European countries with the distribution in whole Europe and in the world. The highest-risk factors of acquiring and disseminating...
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Intestinal transplantation on an experimental model.
Oliverius, Martin ; Adamec, Miloš (advisor) ; Gürlich, Robert (referee) ; Kala, Zdeněk (referee)
Intestinal transplantation represents a life-saving procedure for patients with an intestinal failure. An experiment on pigs was carried out during the preparation part of a clinical project in the Czech Republic. The main aim of the experiment was to successfully master the transplant surgery technique (i.e. small bowel harvesting, its preservation, followed by the transplantation). Another goal was to decide on the optimal immunosuppressive regime. Immunosuppression was based on tacrolimus monotherapy or its combination with sirolimus. A graft biopsy still remains the most reliable method for the diagnosis of an acute cellular rejection. In an attempt to find a suitable noninvasive humoral marker of the acute cellular rejection, we examined the correlation between plasma citrulin level and the acute rejection. The plasmatic level of proinflamatory and antiinflamatory cytokines was investigated as another potential marker of the rejection. We succeeded in standardizing the technique of intestinal transplantation. Connecting the graft to aorta and inferior vena cava is simpler and safer than connecting it to the portomesenteric vessel bed due to fewer subsequent complications. Both immunosuppressive regimes seem to be equally effective in preventing the acute cellular rejection. Histopathological...
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Adipose tissue and its role in development of insulin resistance and systemic inflammatory reaction
Roubíček, Tomáš ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Stárka, Luboslav (referee) ; Housa, Daniel (referee)
Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are tightly interconnected pathophysiological conditions that increase the risk for development of cardiovascular diseases. Our current knowledge indicates that one of important reasons leading to the development of insulin resistance could lies in a dysfunction of adipose tissue with subsequent ectopic lipids accumulation in muscles and liver. Adipose tissue represents the main body storage site of energy. Furthermore, adipose tissue is also an active endocrine organ producing numerous biologically active molecules, e.g. cytokines, proinflammatory or to a lesser degree anti-inflammatory factors or components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Some of the components of the local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system produced by the adipose tissue can directly induce local insulin resistance within the adipose tissue. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are also common in critically ill patients and exaggeration of insulin resistance in these patients is accompanied by increased morbidity and mortality. Our previous study has demonstrated that adipose tissue plays an important role in the development of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in critically ill patients by production of numerous proinflammatory cytokines. First part of this dissertation thesis is...
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Effect of exercise therapy to Morbus Bechtěrev patients
Kališ, Martin ; Strnad, Pavel (advisor) ; Levitová, Andrea (referee)
Title: Effect of exercise therapy to Morbus Bechtěrev patients Objectives: Aim of this Thesis is to collect and analyse the available information from Czech and foreign sources concerning the Morbus Bechtěrev disease. Aim of empiric part is to evaluate the effect of four-week spa therapy In the Lazne Bohdanec spa to the Morbus Bechtěrev patients. Methods: Method of work consists of the study of available sources, assembling of theory part, collection and analysing of data and their statistical evaluation. For this research was used the standardised questionnaire method with added questions needed for the evaluation of hypotheses. Results: By the analysing of 32 pairs of anonymous questionnaires was concluded that the effect of exercise therapy to patients is positive, but not permanent. It is necessary to look for new approaches to Morbus Bechtěrev cure and prevention. Keywords: Morbus Bechtěrev, ankylozing spondylitis, spa therapy, exercise therapy, physical therapy.
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