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The study of azaphthalocyanines interactions with unilamellar liposomes I.
Kučerová, Helena ; Zimčík, Petr (advisor) ; Miletín, Miroslav (referee)
Three types of different octasubstituted zinc azaphthalocyanines (ZIP-44Zn, ZIP-21Zn and ZIP-65Zn) were incorporated into liposomes made from dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC). These dyes were incorporated into LUVETs (large unilamellar vesicles made by extrusion technique) which were obtained from suspension of multilamellar vesicles. Fluorescence spectra of the dyes in LUVETs were measured. The binding constants of azaphthalocyanines with LUVETs were calculated. Absorption spectra of the dyes in LUVETs were also measured and extinction coefficients were calculated. We found out that ZIP-44Zn (n-octylsulphanyl substituents) was present in DOPC liposomes only in very small amount while the other two dyes were incorporated in high concentration into LUVETs. This fact was connected with the level of aggregation of water insoluble AzaPc. ZIP-44Zn contains long alkyl chains as substituents on periphery. These substituents do not inhibit sufficiently the aggregation in water medium or in lipid bilayer. On the other hand, ZIP-21Zn and ZIP-65Zn contain bulky substituents on periphery and they were incorporated in large amount in phospholipid bilayer of liposomes.
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Neuroactive steroids in human physiology and pathophysiology
Kubátová, Jana ; Hill, Martin (advisor) ; Fanta, Michal (referee)
The present diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of steroid metabolome in body fluids in human pregnancy and parturition and also concentrates on the estimation of steroids in men with epilepsy (MWE) regarding the influence of epilepsy and its treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The results obtained eventuate to the following conclusions: 1. They support the proposition about the key importance of corticoliberin for the timing of human parturition via stimulation of the steroidogenesis in the fetal zone of the fetal adrenal (FZ). Changes in steroid levels, however, much better predict the timing of parturition than the variation in corticoliberin. 2. The distribution of isoforms of placental oxidoreductases determines the excess of oxidized forms of the sex steroids and NAS in the fetus and the excess of their reduced forms in mother. This mechanism fundamentally affects the steroid bioactivity. The results indicate the role of NAS in pregnancy sustaining, their analgesic effect around parturition and their role in the pathophysiology of postpartum blues.
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Study of the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity in higher plants
Škrletová, Denisa ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee)
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31; PEPC) is one of the carbon dioxide- fixing enzymes, which yields oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate and bicarbonate. Regulation of PEPC activity occurs at many levels. In addition to pH and concentration of activators and inhibitors, it is phosphorylation as well. Phosphorylation of PEPC causes a change of kinetic parameters, such as maximal reaction rate, sensitivity to activation or inhibition. Considering that, there is still little information like this about C3 plants and that regulation is in various plant species different, I have dealt with monitoring of the kinetic parameters and regulation possibilities of PEPC isolated from C3 plant sources (Cannabis sativa L., Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris). While the activity of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L. was decreased by alkaline phosphatase, the activity of PEPC from seeds of Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris was not affected by alkaline phosphatase. The affinity of PEPC from seeds Chenopodium quinoa, Pisum sativum L., Lens culinaris to the substrate PEP was higher than in the case of PEPC from leaves of Cannabis sativa L.. For PEPC from Cannabis sativa L. was found that the apparent dephosphorylation leads to decrease of sensitivity to the...
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Pharmacological cardioprotection with iron chelators and anthracycline cardiotoxicity
Popelová, Olga ; Geršl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Fusek, Josef (referee) ; Kolář, František (referee)
In this Ph.D. thesis, following aims were addressed: 1) potentially cardioprotective effects of deferiprone on the model of daunorubicin-induced chronic cardiotoxicity in rabbits, 2) the role of apoptotic cell death in the development of anthracycline cardiotoxicity, 3) cardioprotective effects of dexrazoxane against chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity with a focus on rescue of cardiac myocytes from programmed cell death and oxidative stress, and 4) staging of myocardial changes in the time-course of chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity development. First, using the leukemic cell line, deferiprone (1-300 µmol/L) was shown not to blunt the antiproliferative effect of daunorubicin. Instead, at higher concentrations of deferiprone, the augmentation of antiproliferative actions of both agents was observed. However, in the cardioprotective study deferiprone failed to afford significant protection against daunorubicin-induced mortality, cardiac dysfunction, morphological cardiac deteriorations, plasma cardiac troponin T rise as well as myocardial lipoperoxidation. This finding contrasted with previous positive outcomes of in vitro studies. Hence, this study changes the current view on deferiprone as a potential cardioprotectant against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. In addition, these results, together...
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Legal regulation of conflict of interests in Czech republic de lege lata and de lege ferenda
Řehoř, Václav ; Kudrna, Jan (advisor) ; Suchánek, Radovan (referee)
Legal regulation of conflict of interests in Czech republic de lege lata and de lege ferenda Resumé: This work deals with the institute of conflict of interests. This legal institute is typical for all types of state systems, however efforts to legally regulate it as appropriate exist usually only in certain systems (in particular in democratic systems). This institute can be basically divided in so called incompatibility of functions and the conflict of interests as such (i.e. the conflict between the public and the private interest). Incompatibility of functions can be characterized as the basic requirement of each democratic legal state, which is reflected in the impossibility to concentrate functions (and related powers) which represent individual elements of state power. This first of all pre-empts misusing the entrusted public function and trust, further it also pre-empts misusing power up to the potential possibility of establishing authoritarian or totalitarian regimes. Therefore incompatibility can arise in particular where the division of powers exists, thus in particular in a democratic legal state. Separation of three individual basic pillars (i.e. legislative, executive and judicial powers) thus has its value in impossibility to concentrate functions from any of those pillars in the hands of...
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Pharmacological cardioprotection with iron chelators and anthracycline cardiotoxicity
Popelová, Olga ; Geršl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Fusek, Josef (referee) ; Kolář, František (referee)
In this Ph.D. thesis, following aims were addressed: 1) potentially cardioprotective effects of deferiprone on the model of daunorubicin-induced chronic cardiotoxicity in rabbits, 2) the role of apoptotic cell death in the development of anthracycline cardiotoxicity, 3) cardioprotective effects of dexrazoxane against chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity with a focus on rescue of cardiac myocytes from programmed cell death and oxidative stress, and 4) staging of myocardial changes in the time-course of chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity development. First, using the leukemic cell line, deferiprone (1-300 µmol/L) was shown not to blunt the antiproliferative effect of daunorubicin. Instead, at higher concentrations of deferiprone, the augmentation of antiproliferative actions of both agents was observed. However, in the cardioprotective study deferiprone failed to afford significant protection against daunorubicin-induced mortality, cardiac dysfunction, morphological cardiac deteriorations, plasma cardiac troponin T rise as well as myocardial lipoperoxidation. This finding contrasted with previous positive outcomes of in vitro studies. Hence, this study changes the current view on deferiprone as a potential cardioprotectant against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. In addition, these results, together...
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Osmolality of parenteral preparations. Saccharides.
Mališová, Lenka ; Šklubalová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Adámek, Roman (referee)
Solutes concentration is described by molarity in parenteral infusions. The knowledge of the osmotic concentration is also important from the therapeutic point of view. According to the Pharmacopoeia, each infusion has to be characterised by a value of its osmolarity. However, osmolarity cannot be measured. Measurement using osmometer gives osmolality, which relates to molality. The solution density is needed to perform conversion of molality to molarity and vice versa. To convert molarity to molality, the conversion factor f is needed to be defined. In case of the conversion of molality to molarity, measurement of the solution volume is needed. In this thesis, density of the solutions of glucose and fructose were measured in temperature range of 15- 40řC, both were prepared in molal concentration and molar concentration in range 0,1 - 1,0 mol/kg and/or mol/l, respectively. The equations for mutual conversion between molality and molarity were generated. The measured osmolality values were compared with the values of osmolarity estimated using three recommended methodes. Equation (8), which uses the water content in the solution, gave the most accurate estimation of osmolarity.
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Toxicity of Organic Mixtures
Reitmajer, Josef
6. CONCLUSION The aim of this study was to test additiviý of chemical compounds in distribution process between two phases and to compare distribution coefficients K-;^ for different molar ratio of mixture with acute toxicity index EC50 gained on oligochaeta Tubifex tubifex. Mixtures of organic solvents ethanol, benzene, aniline and nitrobenzene were studied. Deviations from additivity were found for distribution coefficients of all tested mixtures. The most significant deviation exhibited benzene - ethanol mixture. The lowest deviations were observed for mixture ethanol - aniline. The results obtained indicate that the partition coefficient K.;* behave similarly as acute toxiciý. Definitely it is for benzene - ethanol mixture. It is possible to suppose that this parameter might be used for estimation of changes in acute toxicity of mixtures. The aim of the second part of the thesis was to study how distribution of chemicals changes with concentration and composition of mixture. Variations in distribution of mixture components beťween gaseous and aqueous phase were found. The highest deviations were found for benzene - ethanol and benzene - eniline mixtures. No deviation was found for mixture aniline - nitrobenzene. Deviations were not as significant as in first part of study. Dependences of distribution...
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The Ostrogoths and the idea of "renovatio of imperii" in the reign of Justinian I
Adamčík, Petr ; Suchánek, Drahomír (referee) ; Picková, Dana (advisor)
The Goths were among the biggest and most important Germanic tribes of the Migration Period. Thanks to their number and combativeness they were able to maintain their unity in two large groups that later formed empires - Visigoth and Ostrogoth. Ostrogoths established themselves as a new large tribe at the time of their sojourn in Pannonia, where they were dominated by the Huns, but because of their advancement and large population they managed to become the co-rulers of the Hun Empire. The second half of the 5th century was decisive for the formation of Ostrogoths' new ethnic territory because Attila's death and the ensuing disintegration of the Hun Empire allowed a single ruler, Thiudimir, succeeded by his son Theodoric the Great, to concentrate control over three Goth groups in his hands. In the 490s Italy was conquered by Ostrogoths, who founded a barbarian kingdom there. The Ostrogothic kingdom became a major political power in the western Mediterranean. Its ruler Theodoric took over the system of govemment and the religious tolerance ofthe defeated Germanic ruler Odoacer. At the end of Theodoric the Greať s rule no power factor in Europe could jeopardize the Gothic Empire surrounded by a system of vassal states.However, Theodoric's successors permitted a disintegration of these links and allowed...
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Pietas bohemica transformata. The transformation of Czech popular religiosity and its sources in the 18th and 19th centuries with special focus on the region of Eastern Bohemia
Nešpor, Zdeněk ; Maur, Eduard (advisor)
The thesis is concemed with the study of Czech popular religiosity during the transition from a "pre-modem", heteroreferential society, through enlightened modemisation transformations, to the beginnings of a modem, autoreferential society. It is because of this, together with the importance of extemal institutional changes, that the author has chosen the period from the so-called Rebellion of Opocno (1732) to the issue of the Protestant Decree (1861), which equalised Protestant churches with those of the Catholics. This period of interest includes the issue of the Tolerance Decree, the development of the Czech national movement, the revolution of 1848, and the issue of the so-called Protestant Provisory. The thesis focuses mainly on the region of Eastem Bohemia, since this contained the highest concentration of secret non-Catholics in the pre-Tolerance period, together with high concentrations of the allowed Protestant confessions (Augsburg and Reformed confessions) and unallowed sectarians later; moreover this area become the most important source of small Protestant churches and transformed the sectarian movement later on. The research has combined historico-sociological and historico-anthropological approaches in order to gain a deeper understanding of the religious ideas of unprivileged sections of the...
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