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Biological activity of plant metabolites. XVII. Influence of alkaloids from different plant taxons on acetylcholinesterase.
Nováková, Jana ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Nováková, J.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XVII. Influence of alkaloids from several taxons of plants on acetylcholinesterase. Rigorous thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 2008. p. 71. Within the frame of the rigorous thesis, a screening of alkaloids from some botanical taxons used or toxikologically significant in Europe (and also in traditional Chinese medicine) on inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was performed. Using a suitable extraction method the summary extracts from morfological parts of Laurus nobilis L. (leaf), Buxus sempervirens L. (sprigs and leaf), Lycopodium clavatum L. (aerial parts), Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (stamens and bulb), Fritillaria thunbergii L. (tuber), Fritillaria cirrhosa L. (tuber), Stemona spp. (root) a Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (root) have been obtained. Individual extracts were prepared by digestion and further analyzed by TLC on silica gel in neutral and basic system for alkaloid content (Dragendorff-reactant). Inhibitory activities of the extracts and of the standards (physostigmine, galanthamine) were subsequently determined by means of autobiographical method using TLC (silica gel, only neutral developing system). AChE came from eletrical conger, 1-naphtyl acetate and Fast Blue B Salt were used for...
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Plant response to stress: Acid rains (didactic work on the topic - secondary school level)
HRADECKÝ, Jan
The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the topic of Plants and Stress describing and discussing not only reactions of plants to acid rains, but also to exposure to other various kinds of stress. The topic of acid rain is discussed in an entire chapter in which the main problems caused by its influence on plants are described. This is followed by a dissection of high-school literature and sources that are focused on the subject. Apart from the theoretical part, the thesis also contains: 1) an explanatory sheet to be used by teachers as a teaching material; 2) students{\crq} worksheets to support teachers{\crq} explanation and to be used as subsequent learning materials; 3) laboratory exercise worksheets designed to lead students during a practical examination; 4) a final test checking what students have learned.
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The Black and Red lists of the Giant Mountains flora: Do the extinct and endangered plants have common properties?
Blahník, Jan ; Čihař, Martin (referee) ; Krahulec, František (advisor)
A list of extinct and endangered species of the Giant Mountains was published in 2009, which presents a uniform view of vascular plants on the Polish and the Czech sides of the mountains. This Bachelor's Thesis is focused on the most endangered and the extinct species, for which common properties were sought, while it was not clear, whether such properties actually existed. The Bachelor's Thesis evaluates factors that could be traced in literature. Data concerning the type of propagation, which is of key importance for the maintenance of species, however, are not stated in literature for the absolute majority of cases. Easily traceable data concerned the properties of the subsoil, biotope types and properties, life form (was not eventually evaluated), phytogeographic areas, degrees of vegetation and endemism. It cannot be expected that a comparison of the results would show conformity anywhere in the region of 100%, yet certain signs of common properties can be deduced from some results. For example, for one-fifth to one-third of C1 and A1 category species a common property is an acid substrate, 30-40% of C1 category species occur in oreophytic areas, for some 30% of extinct and endangered species, the common sign is their occurrence in meadow sites, 30-40% of critically endangered species occur in...
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Population biology and ecology of Phyteuma orbiculare L.
Fialová, Tereza ; Rybka, Vlastimil (referee) ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor)
Population biology and ecology of the species Phyteuma orbiculare L. Abstract This diploma's thesis deals with Phyteuma orbiculare L. (Round-headed Rampion) from family Campanulaceae. According to the law (MŽP ČR 395/1992 Sb.) the studied species is classified as a seriously endangered species of the Czech flora. Two of its distinguished subspecies (subsp. montanum and flexuosum) are on the Red list of vascular plant species (Procházka 2001) of critically endangered species. One of the outputs of this thesis are grid maps of all localities of the species in the following time intervals: until 1949, 1950 - 1989, 1990 - 1999 and 2000 - 2010. As information sources about location of P. orbiculare I used herbaria collections, literature, botanical databases, and Protected Landscape Area Administrative reports. Some data were obtained from botanical experts and some from my personal field-work. One of the main results of thesis is comparison of the distribution of historical and recent localities of the species. I studied chemical composition of soil, species composition and number of flowering plants amount of populations in 21 recent and 19 historical localities in Czech Republic. Recent localities are richer in species and poorer in nutritive substances than the historical localities. Number of flowering...
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Biological activity of plant metabolites. VI. Influence of alkaloids from several taxons of plants on acetylcholinesterase
Řepová, Lucie ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Řepová, L.: Biological activity of plant metabolites VI. Influence of alkaloids from several taxons of plants on acetylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 2007. In content of the diploma thesis it was realized screening of the alkaloids of some taxons of tribes Papaveraceae and Fumariaceae on acetylcholinesterase inhibition. It was introduced a method for obtaining optimum extracts (alkaloidal concentrates of certain type) from various morphological parts of plants Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. et Koerte (root), Uncaria tomentosa (WILLD.) DC. (bark), Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Stangl. (bark), Peumus boldus (Molina) (leaf) a Papaver somniferum L. (poppy head). After the preparation of primary extract, its acidification and preliminary cleaning, extracts of different basicity were prepared by extraction either by diethyl ether (L, pH ∼2; A, pH ∼8; B, pH ∼12) or by chloroform (A1, pH~8; J, pH ∼3; E, pH ∼10). Single types of extracts were eluted by means of TLC metod both in neutral and in alkaline system of solvents on the silica gel and were tested on contents of alkaloids (detected by Dragendorff agent). Extracts contaning alkaloids were further checked together with standards (physostigmine and galanthamine) by aid of...
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Species traits of critically endangered vascular plant species of the Czech Republic
Gabrielová, Jarmila ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mihulka, Stanislav (referee)
Understanding factors responsible for species rarity is crucial for their effective conservation. Do rare and endangered species posses any specific traits, which differentiate them from species that are common and which could be the cause of their rarity and endangerment? To answer this question, I analyzed biological and ecological traits of critically endangered plant species of the Czech Republic (CR category of the Red list of vascular plant species, Procházka 2001). I compared vegetative, generative and ecological traits of CR species with traits of species that are closely related but common (due to phylogenetic correction), with common closely related species from the same habitat (because many differences in species traits can be caused by adaptation to specific habitat type) and with traits of all plants of the Czech Republic. Information about species traits was mainly obtained from literature and databases; a small part was assessed experimentally. The comparison with closely related common species have shown that CR species are smaller, flower for shorter period, have higher proportion of autocompatibility and higher terminal velocity. CR species differ also in the mode of dispersion, in ecological traits and in traits connected with distribution (lower proportion of cstrategy, greater...
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Using the methods of dramatic education in teaching pre-school children with precaution of social-psychological problems
Švandrlíková, Markéta ; Tomková, Anna (referee) ; Holemá, Irena (advisor)
This diploma thesis considers precaution of chicane at the primary schools using methods of dramatic education. The main part of this work is theoretical, followed by a project of implementation and evaluation focused on improving social relations in primary school classes, where the methods of dramatic education are presented to the students. The project is based on a methodic and theoretical part. These both parts describe the methods of dramatic education, specifics of pre-school children and their most frequent social-psychological problem, the mentioned chicane. Conclusion of the theoretical part includes a list of some Prague organizations specialized on this problem.
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Analýza a revize reportingové systému pro obchodní službu ve společnosti ING Životní pojišťovna N.V., pobočka pro Českou republiku
Daněček, Jan ; Švecová, Lenka (advisor) ; Skalický, Michal (referee)
The aim of my thesis is the analysis of a reporting system for a business service and a leading the business service in ING Životní pojišťovna N.V., pobočka pro Českou republiku and an outlining the recommendations for a change of the present reporting system. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first one is theoretical and deals mainly with a project and process management. Since the reports include mostly the numbers, data, which have higher or smaller predicative ability, the data and pieces of information of the company are listed in this part as well. The second part of the thesis includes a practical analysis in ING Životní pojišťovna N.V., pobočka pro Českou republiku. As this has been planned in the company as the project, I regard it the same way in the thesis. This part is divided into three parts: a list of the reports, an analysis of the reports and an outline of the recommendations for improving a current reporting system. The contribution of my thesis lies in showing the compact view of reporting system, concerning the leading of the business service and in presenting the proposal for the change of the current reporting system.
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A Floristic Study of Petřín
Macháčková, Jana ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The first part of the thesis describes culture-historical and natural features of the gardens at Petřín. The reader learns about the protected area in the upper part of the gardens and crucial influences of human activity in this area in the past and present. The second part deals with the results of a dendrological survey carried out in the Kinský Garden and Nebozízek and floristic research of the nature monument Petřínská skalka in the period between spring 2004 and autumn 2005. The results of the mapping have been recorded in table files that relate to attached documentary maps. In the discussion, I compare the findings of the thesis to the results of inventoried materials and suggest possible causes of the differences obtaining between the two lists. In the didactic part, I suggest a way of using this area for educational purposes. It contains two tracks - one focused on timber species and the second on complex cognition of nature. Worksheets were for both the tracks. The text also includes documentary photographs of some monitored timber species and plants. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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