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Využití lišejníků-možnosti využití Evropské metodiky pro mapování epifytických lišejníků
Svoboda, David ; Váňa, Jiří (advisor) ; Scheidegger, Christoph (referee) ; Guttová, Anna (referee)
Lichen uses - potentials of the European Guideline for mapping lichen diversity David Svoboda My projects had one common feature, namely the application of the European Guideline for mapping lichen diversity as an indicator of environmental stress (Asta et al. 2002). This methodology was developed in an effort to make a standardised protocol for European screening of epiphytic lichens for various purposes. The dissertation is focused on selected topics and the main objectives can be summarised as follows: 1) To evaluate the potential of the LDV method for determination of general air pollution, and the possibility of applying the new methodology in the Czech Republic. 2) To compare results given by the LDV method and the older qualitative method by Hawksworth and Rose (1970). 3) To determine the principal factors influencing the epiphytic lichen distribution in Central European oak forests, and to elucidate possible correlations among natural and human caused environmental factors in a large scale study. 4) To investigate the epiphytic lichens living in temperate oak forests, their features and possible lichenological differentiations; to determine indicative species for old growth forests and natural woodlands under different climatic conditions and human influence in the Central Europe. 5) To determine...
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Lichens: Lichenological study of Károvské údolí valley. Lichens in the educational system; model practical exercise for grade school and college
Fessová, Alena ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Halda, Josef (referee)
7 SUMMARY This thesis is divided into two separate portions. The first part covers my own lichen floristic exploration of the Károvské údolí locality stretching out along the southern limits of Prague near Zbraslav. The location is formed by relatively steep slopes with orientation to North and South. Natural conditions are characterised by communities of xerothermic steppes and oak groves with alder clumps and hornbeams prevailing in lower parts along the Károvský potok stream. Geologically, the parent rock consists of shale rocks of acid chemical composition. Duting my search, I recorded 116 lichen species. Among them, saxicolous and terricolous lichens characteristic of acid rock outcrops and xerotherm steppes prevail. During exploration, I found also the critically endangered (CR) species Peltigera elisabethae, endangered species (EN) Flavoparmelia caperata and representatives of the genus Verrucaria, tolerant of long-term freshwater flooding - V. cf. andesiatica, V. aquatilis and V. funckii. One of species discovered, Pertusaria flavicans, has not been recorded in the Czech Republic todate. This locality is home to a summer house resort which has expanded the list of lichens by basophilic species which inhabit anthropogenic substrata. My master thesis is the first thorough research of the lichen flora...
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Red algae (Rhodophyta) in freshwater ecosystems
Štifterová, Anna ; Škaloud, Pavel (referee) ; Neustupa, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on an interesting group freshwater red algae (Rhodophyta). This group comprises organisms from quite distant evolutionary clades, nevertheless sharing similar ecological requirements. They mostly occur in unpolluted lotic ecosystems. In the theoretical part, I summarized publications dealing with the general and ecological aspects of distribution of these algae (mainly of the genus Batrachospermum). For example, the issue of seasonal populational dynamics, or their role in succession of benthic algal communities. The practical part includes floristic data on findings of various species of freshwater red algae, predominantly from the Czech Republic. Furhermore, it includes observation on seasonality of a single population of Batrachospermum gelatinosum.
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Comparison of ITS nrDNA and alternative markers for fungal metabarcoding in environmental samples
Zelenka, Tomáš ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mašek, Tomáš (referee)
The study of fungal diversity may lead to many fundamental discoveries and conclusions. Molecular genetics, and particularly high throughput sequencing methods using short DNA fragments as barcodes, has recently experienced a boom. The most frequently used marker for fungal research is the partial region of nuclear ribosomal DNA called ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer). It occurs in the form of tandem repetitions of up to 200 copies. This fact greatly simplifies its amplification from the environment but also introduces some negatives. One of them can be an existence of intragenomic and intraspecific variability which confounds diversity estimates by exaggerating the real number of species. Using alternative low-copy markers can easily prevent these problems. In this study EF-1α and RPB2 protein- coding genes were compared with traditionally used ITS1 and ITS2 markers. An artificial mock community was created by blending genomic DNA of different fungal lineages. The community was sequenced for all markers and the data were processed according to guidelines commonly used in environmental studies. The results show that ITS2 is unequivocally a more suitable marker for environmental studies than other compared markers. The average coefficient of overestimation was deemed to be approximately two for ITS1, ITS2,...
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Immobilization of heavy metals in the cement matrix with the admixture of natural zeolite
Semerádová, Nikol ; Bayer, Patrik (referee) ; Vyšvařil, Martin (advisor)
Heavy metals released to the natural ecosystem constitute significant risks not only for organisms, but also for water supplies in the nature. There are a number of analytical methods for the determination of heavy metals. Each of them is suitable for different element and its character. Since the results of the analysis are applied during the solidification and stabilization, it is necessary to ensure the highest correlation between hazardous waste and solidification medium for maximum inhibition of toxic ions. This work investigates the stabilization of heavy metals binders based on cement base with admixture of the natural zeolite and its possible use for the solidification of heavy metals in soluble form.
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Construction technological project of residential building in Liberec
Plachý, Jakub ; Hrdličková, Eliška (referee) ; Novotný, Michal (advisor)
This diploma thesis deal with phase of construction, which is foundation and upper construction of apartment building Komenského in Liberec. Building is situated in built-up and green area. Foundation circumstances is half difficult because of lower water included in soil. In this phase, we use formowork for columns, walls and roof. Used formwork is from Peri company, Quatro, Trio and Multiflex. There is suteren in the house, and because of lower water and high index of radon, we have to protect structure by compact waterproof isolation. This project contains formwork schematics and the time calculation needed to protect concrete until accomplishment. Other task is thermal review of constructions.
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Ecology of Eurasian sparrowhawk in urban and rural areas
Kunca, Tomáš ; Šálek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Bohuslav (referee)
Urban environments provide suitable habitats for species that are ready to adapt to the specific conditions. One of such species is Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) that has adapted to the Prague city environment. This dissertation explores and describes selected aspects of sparrowhawks ecology in urban and rural environment. It focuses on comparison of selected aspects of sparrowhawk ecology between urban and rural study areas.
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The profitability of a passive house building
Lakosil, Jakub ; Hricová, Daniela (advisor) ; Olga, Olga (referee)
The subject of the master thesis is an economic saving of a passive house construction in comparison with particular classic low-energy house. The first part of the thesis discusses the evolution of low-energy houses and classification of these constructions according to their energy consumption. It also discusses the advantages of the passive house constructions and the subsidy system, which is possible to use for houses with very low energy consumption. The practical part initially contains a description of chosen bungalow house, which is classified according to its technical specifications into classic, low-energy and passive. Furthermore, there is a brief description of the houses energy consumption and classification into their respective energy group. The subsidy system, described in the theoretical part, is a source for the detection of the subsidy entitlement of particular model varieties. A brief description of acquisition costs, focused on displaying the differences between the studied varieties, is compiled according to particular budgets. There are calculations of investment and operating costs based on technical and price sources. In the conclusion of the thesis there is an economic evaluation of return on investment of particular model types of the houses.
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Teaching Aids for Teaching Biology and Ecology at Secondary Vocational Schools
Jeníková, Eliška ; Němejc, Karel (advisor) ; Martina, Martina (referee)
Twenty-three teachers of biology and ecology on secondary vocational schools expressed themselves in the case of teaching aids via questionnaire. Objective of the survey was to chart the teaching aids types that are reachable and useable and to record teachers' requests for changes in portfolio of teaching aids on their schools. Respondents also commented on obstacles they experience in using teaching aids and whether they were regularly informed about news in the field of teaching aids.
Strongly higher amount of women than men was noticed within the framework of survey and all respondents stated they graduated from university with pedagogical orientation. Almost all respondents considered using teaching aids effective. The most reachable teaching aids were visual aids, while the most usable were original objects and real facts. Auditive teaching aids were considered as the less reachable and also as the most rarely used. Approximately half of the respondents were regularly informed about news in the field of teaching aids. The most noted barrier in using aids in general was the necessity of their removal.
Proposed proceedings are especially a better co-operation between schools' management and biology and ecology teachers in question of purchasing or modernizing teaching aids and to build up special classrooms, so that removal of teaching aids would not be necessary.
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