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Water and sediment chemistry of fluvial lakes of the Elbe River
Chalupová, Dagmar ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Jelínek, Emil (referee) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The presented paper aims at the problems of fluvial lakes in middle course of the Elbe River which has been influenced by the human activity since the Middle Ages. The oxbow lakes which are extremely precious ecosystems contributing to the stability of the river ecosystem show not only the changes of the course of the Elbe River. With regard to sedimenting a great amount of pollutants, these lakes also tell about the industrial pollution to which the river was exposed mainly in the second half of the 20th century due to insufficient precautions on industrial sources causing contamination. 5 cut lakes between Hradec Králové and Mělník have been studied within this research. These lakes differ in the intensity of communication with the river, in the distance from significant sources of industrial pollution and in the use of nearby land. The research included morphometric and bathymetric measures, observation of hydrological regime, seasonal measures in the water column and regular analysis of surface water samples. Profiles of sediments in the length that the used technology allowed were sampled, so that older anthropogenic load could be found out. The amount of organic carbon and concentration of selected metal and arsenic (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) were stated apart from grain size...
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The use of floating suction dredger for cleaning and removal of natural sediment
Sedlecká, Šárka ; Pokorný, Jan (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
Unconventional technology called "wet method" is a gentle pumping and removal of undesirable sediments not only in ponds and streams, but also in shallow waters, canals, harbors, lakes, recreational water areas and other tanks, decorated in treatment technology and water purification. This is a floating suction dredger WATERMASTER CLASSIC III, which functions as a classic and dragline as one and due to various peripheral devices isvaried uses. This machine is also ideal for repairing the damage during floods because of its versatility.
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Heavy metals in Ohře river
Hrnko, Vladimír ; Vach, Marek (advisor) ; Heřmanovský, Martin (referee)
In this thesis, I dealt with the contamination of surface layers of river sediment in areas of Karlovy Vary and Sokolov selected elements and their comparison with data industry unencumbered by sediment from the area Písty and the limits of the International commission for the protection of the Elbe (MKOL).
The sediments were collected from monitored Ohře River Basin in the stretch Sokolov- Karlovy Vary, which runs through the industrial area of Karlovy Vary and Sokolov. In his thesis to prove whether the above flow influenced by industrial activities based on an evaluation of data from the samples. As a measure I chose indicators of heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments of the river flow. The samples were taken quarterly during the year at six sites. I chose three sites in Sokolov and three locations in Karlovy Vary. For comparison, one of the samples taken from the Karlovy Vary in the CHKO Slavkovský les, Svatošské skály. The monitored parameters are pH, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn.
This locality is very ignored in these indicators and the results of my measurements can be an important basis for monitoring further developments in the river.
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Changes in volume of water reservoir Fojtka due to sediment flux
Vlasák, Tomáš ; Moudrý, Vítězslav (advisor) ; Hradilek, Václav (referee)
Sedimentation in dams is a natural process depending on various factors over a period of time. Sediments influence both total capacity of dam's surface and also relief of bottom.
This thesis deals with amount of sediment in Fojtka dam and with change of its bottom's relief in past 109 years since its establishment. There was conducted measuring using an echosounder in a boat. Final output derived from this experiment was a point layer including 5500 point items. Subsequently there was executed a measurement of dam's shoreline using GPS device. Data were processed in ArcGIS software, then reduced and edited to be used for interpolation tools of ArcToolbox. In order to select the most accurate interpolation method, there were created validation data, which were compared with interpolated data. The best results have been achieved by interpolation method Kriging and TIN in resolution 0.5 m.
Original maps were vectorized for comparison with current condition. Created validation data were compared in order to show accuracy of particular interpolation. The most useful evaluated method for gained data was TIN method in resolution 0.5 m. TIN method was applied in both data sets for 2D and 3D bottom relief visualization and also for calculation of actual water volume and area of water surface of the dam.
Difference in bottom's relief of Fojtka dam showed capacity reduction about 6,7 % and reduction of water surface area about 3,2 %. Regular extracting of sediment in reservoir located above the dam causes this relatively small silting ratio.
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The contamintation level of sediments from water reservoir Orlík by organic and inorganic pollutants
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Száková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Vymazal, Jan (referee)
Due to sorption processes, sediments can retain a wide range of toxic substances, which are transported together with the sediment over long distances from the place of their origin. Dam reservoirs are significant sinks of such sediments and they can be indicative of the overall burden level in surface water of the basin. This thesis works with the assumption that sediments of a valley reservoir can help to estimate the sources and extent of water pollution in the area of interest.
The aim of this thesis was to assess i) the level of contamination of bottom sediments in the Orlík reservoir with organic and inorganic pollutants, and ii) the potential impact of individual tributaries on the overall level of contamination of the sediments. In the literature review, the current level of knowledge in the topic of the total contents and speciation of toxic elements and specificities of the behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water, sediments and aquatic organisms was evaluated. The biological activity and eutrophication potential of sediments were discussed, as well.
A total of 34 composite samples of bottom sediment collected in different parts of the Orlík reservoir and its major tributaries were evaluated. Bioavailability of major pollutants was also observed in individual tributaries based on their content in the tissues of mollusks.
Atomic spectrometry revealed increased concentrations of As, Cd and Zn in sediments of the Orlík reservoir. Arsenic concentration limits were significantly exceeded at the bottom part of the reservoir from the confluence of the Otava and Vltava rivers toward the body of the dam. Higher level of cadmium and zinc were detected in sediments of the Otava River. The analysis of tissues of bivalves in tributary areas confirmed significant bioaccumulation ability of cadmium. Among others, significant dependence of phosphorus level on the total content of iron and aluminum in sediments was detected.
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Sedimentation reservoir on the stream Kuřimka
Holá, Lucie ; Julínek, Tomáš (referee) ; Uhmannová, Hana (advisor)
The goal of the bachelors work is a proposal of sedimentation tank on Kuřimka in the cadestral area of Moravské Knínice. In calculations there was made capacity of addressed section and calculation of levels for thirty-days water and selected N-year flow. One of the chapters was dedicated to evaluation of vegetative suite. For calculations there was used one-dimensional mathematical model HEC-RAS 4.1. Determination of roughness of bottom and slopes was based on personal visit. The result is determination of capacitive flow, evaluation of current state and proposal of sedimentation tank on the chosen estate. Bachelors work can be a contribution to another sedimentation tank in the area of Brněnská dam.
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Assessment of phosphorus associated with Fe and Al (hydr)oxides in sediments and soils
JAN, Jiří
The established fractionation scheme of Psenner and Pucsko with consecutive BD and NaOH steps was shown to be ineffective in distinguishing between the stable crystalline (hydr)oxides and their more active amorphous and poorly crystalline forms. These forms highly vary in their ability to sorb P and thus in their ecological significance. Dissolution kinetics of the Fe and Al minerals were performed using both the BD and NaOH extraction solutions. The results were applied to modify the original fractionation scheme for better quantification of P associated with active Al and Fe (hydr)oxides, and better estimation of the amounts of these Fe and Al forms in soils and sediments.
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The Use of Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Drug Residues
Dvořáková, Petra ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Sokol, Jozef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work is based on the occurrence of drug residues in the environment. This study is focused on the development and optimization methods for determination of selected drugs in the surface water, aquatic sediment and sewage sludge from waste water treatment plant. From the group of drugs were chosen antibiotics. Antibiotics presented in the environment can cause adverse effects including toxic effects, immunity disorders and indirect bioalteration effects. Sulfonamide antibiotics, which are used in the treatment of urinary and respiratory tract infections as well as in the treatment of other infectious diseases, were chosen as a target compounds. Three optimized analytical methods for determination of sulfonamide antibiotics were developed. For the optimization of extraction were tested: solid phase extraction, pressurized solvent extraction, microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction. For the final analysis was used liquid chromatography with two detectors - diode array detector and mass spectrometer. These optimized methods were applied for the analysis of real samples. The surface water and sediment samples were collected from two Moravian rivers (the Svratka river and the Svitava river). Samples of sewage sludge were collected from waste water treatment plant Brno-Modřice. Fish samples from the Svratka river were also collected. It was observed that all the selected sulfonamide antibiotics are present in real sediment samples (ug.kg-1). Simultaneously presence of some target analytes in real surface water (ug.l-1) and in sewage sludge (ug.kg-1) samples has been confirmed. In samples of surface water from the Svitava river and in fish samples sulfonamide antibiotics were not detected or their concentrations were below the limit of detection.
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The pump station design for hydro-mixture transport
Béreš, Matej ; Štigler, Jaroslav (referee) ; Habán, Vladimír (advisor)
This master’s thesis is concerned about the flow of hydro-mixture in pipelines. In the first part, I am reviewing the characteristics of disperse systems, pumps and pipelines used in hydro-mixture transportation. Slurry pumps and polyethylene HDPE pipelines receive an extra attention. In the second part, I am working with data obtained from the co-operation with the PROGROUPE Sediment Removal company. These data were measured during revitalization of the water dam Gabčíkovo. In the next step, I use the data to suggest the required characteristic for the slurry pump for pump station in project of revitalizing Borovoe lake, situated in Kazakhstan.
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The issue of determination of tin in environmental matrices
Bušinová, Markéta ; Sommer, Lumír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the retrieval of the content of tin in environmental media, the circulation in them and possibilities of the determination of tin in the environment. Summarizes available information on the properties of tin and its compounds, the occurrence and circulation of tin in environmental and determination of tin in environmental media, attention is paid to the determination of total tin content using method of ET-AAS. The experimental part is focused on optimization methods of determination for the ET AAS and selection of a suitable extraction procedure for determination of total tin content in soils and sediments. The best procedure for the determination of tin in the ET-AAS was applied to samples of soil, sediment and water. As the optimum matrix modifier was chosen the solution of Pd (NO3)2 in 5% ascorbic acid, the optimum pyrolysis temperature was 1400 °C and atomization temperature 2400 ° C. Neither of extraction procedures examined were found to be an appropriate procedure for the determination of tin in environmental samples and further work is necessary to optimize the method of separation.
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