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Nursing Problems of Patients with Skin Cancer
CHLÁDKOVÁ, Anežka
The character of oncological diseases can be benign or malignant. Both variants have fundamental consequences for the patient. If the changes in the skin are malignant, treatment is necessary. In case the medical finding is benign, it depends on the patient whether the tumour would have it removed or not. In any case, the patient must be informed about all risks and especially the dispensarisation which is the most significant factor for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Oncological disease of skin entails many significant changes in the patient's life. The patient's order of values, lifestyle, as well as perception of life changes. In this difficult situation, the support of the patients from the side of family and loved ones, as well as of the medical personnel, is crucial. The patient's need of security and safety must be satisfied, as it is a significant factor in coping with the disease development from diagnostics to treatment and eventual dying. The concept of the bachelor thesis is theoretical and based on the study and analysis of information sources related to the issues of oncological disease of skin. To introduce the largest and very important organ the skin its anatomy and physiology is briefly described at the beginning. Subsequently, oncological diseases of skin, divided into benign tumours, their variants and characteristics, are outlined. The subchapter of malign tumours lists the most frequent malignant skin tumours, i.e. basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. Again, their characteristic and seriousness is described. Diagnostics and therapy of oncological diseases of skin is worth mentioning. The prognosis of the entire disease depends on early diagnostics. If it is timely, the treatment is less demanding and the patient handles it much better. In the area of therapy, the most frequent methods of treating this disease are illustrated. In connection with this disease, it is important to mention dispensarisation and prevention, oncological and palliative care as well as the impact of the disease on the patient's psychic condition. The bachelor thesis is complemented with supplements in the form of tables. One of them refers to incidence, mortality and prevalence of malignant melanoma from 1994 to 2014. Other tables serve for easier understanding of classification of skin tumours. The objective of the thesis was to map the nursing care of oncological diseases of skin. A nurse is an important element of prevention. She can be helpful and educate the population about self-monitoring of skin. During the treatment, the nurse applies medicaments and treats skin after surgical procedures or radiotherapy. The nurse plays an essential role within oncological and palliative care. That is why her relevance is described in several chapters. For many patients, the support of the nursing staff is a very important factor also in the area of psychic condition, on which the approach to the disease, as well as the development of the treatment, are based. It was necessary to acquire many findings about oncological diseases of skin to write this thesis. Many experts are engaged in this area nowadays, especially in the area of treatment. Information was obtained from both Czech and foreign expert bibliographic publications and articles. The studied information is incorporated into individual chapters that can be beneficial for anyone who is engaged in this specific area of oncology.
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Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period
Hrudka, Jan ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Stingl, Josef (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Filosofie a dějiny přírodních věd MUDr. Jan Hrudka Nádory v dějinném a kulturním kontextu v novověku Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period Disertační práce Školitel / Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Stanislav Komárek, Dr. Praha, 2017 SUMMARY: The PhD thesis called Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period is an attempt to describe a change of medical thinking in modern period; science and medicine turns from antique humoral pathology, explaining all diseases as an imbalance of the four body humours, to pathological anatomy and experimental physiology. In the point of view of pathological anatomy, the viscera of diseased person are no more "screen" or "mirror" of the disease, but it becomes directly the "stage" or "theatre" of the acting disease. This shift in the thought may be labelled as movement from humoralism to localism or ontologism; the disease isn't just abnormal amount of some natural juice any more, but becomes new original entity. This change undergoes the understanding of tumours and cancerous disease as well. Instead of antique understanding tumours as precipitates of black bile, the cell theory occurs in the 19th century. This theory explains tumours as a mass of cells undergoing excessive...
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Patient education on oncology orthopedics
Grymová, Renata ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Švecová, Dagmar (referee)
Author: Renata Grymová Institution: Institute of social medicine Faculty of medicine in Hradec Kralove Nursing care department Name of theses: Patient education on oncology orthopedics Head of theses: Mgr. Eva Vachková, Ph.D Number of pages: 124 Number of attachments: 8 Year of deffence: 2014 Summary: Bachalor thesis is focusing on education of patient in oncological orthopedic ward. This thesis consists of two parts: theoretical and empirical. Theoretical part deals with the issue of education, oncological orthopedic, chemotherapy administrating, competences of nurses working in oncological orthopedic ward and educational topics in oncological orthopedics. Empirical part consists of questionnaire that is supposed to find out patients perception of illness, interpretation of all dialogues with respondents and also interpretaion of fulfilled aims of this bachalor theses. Key words: oncology, ortophedics, patients, education, chemotherapy
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Determination of selenium and manganese in cerebrospinal fluid by atomic absorption spectrometry
Jiráková, Lucie ; Kotaška, Karel (advisor) ; Klapková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this study was to confirm the use of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid and to investigate concentrations of selenium and manganese in selected group of patients. For selenium was determined the detection limit 2,9 μg/l, for manganese 0,26 μg/l. 73 patients were examined (31 women, 42 men) whose average age was 14,1 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to age (56 children, 17 adults) and into two subgroups according to diagnoses (oncological, neurological). The control group consists of 18 subjects (5 women, 13 men, average age 21,7 years) with non-oncological and non-neurological diagnoses. We found significantly increased selenium concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in the control group, compared with the group with neurological diagnoses (median = 14,4 μg/l vs. 12,4 μg/l, p < 0.05). Elevated levels of manganese in cerebrospinal fluid was observed in a group of children with oncological diseases compared with control group (1,2 μg/l vs. 0,5 μg/l, p < 0.05). Determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid may have diagnostic importance in selected groups of patients. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Enteral nutrition in oncology patients
Šulcová, Jana ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Mráz, Miloš (referee)
This bachelor thesis considers possibilities of enteral nutrition and its influence on life quality of oncological patients. The thesis consists of a theoretical and an experimental part. The theoretical part compiles the issue of malnutrition and nutritional support with emphasis on enteral nutrition. It deals with malnutrition in oncology and its solution. In the experimental part, a study of influence of enteral nutrition on life quality of oncological patients was conducted. A question was, how health condition, life quality and energy intake of patients are changed after one month of enteral nutrition use. The survey includes a physical examination, measuring patients with a machine Bodystat Quadscan 4000, filling up a questionnaire, evaluation of laboratory tests, and analysis of the patient's diet. The results of the study prove positive influence of enteral nutrition on health condition of patients with respect to laboratory tests. According to the questionnaire, the life quality of patients increased and the diet report shows increased energy intake. The physical examination results and Bodystat measurements did not prove positive influence of enteral nutrition.
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Nursing Childcare during Chemotherapeutic Treatment
CIMBÁLNÍKOVÁ, Eva
Current status: Children oncology is a field which has become an important part of medicine and thanks to its development it is possible to heal up to 80% of children oncological patients. In the children oncology, we can meet many kinds of cancer such as Hematopoietic Tissue tumors, Lymphomas and Central nervous system tumors. Children are usually cured using chemotherapy which has not only therapeutically effects, but also unwanted symptoms which decrease the quality of patient lives and can be even dangerous for children. Main aim of my bachelor thesis is to describe the core principles of the nursing childcare during chemotherapy and to set the basic rules concerning the right vein entry care as well as the principles of the right application of medicinal products through venous inlets. Another task is to describe the principles of manipulation with cytostatic and to demonstrate the key role of the nurse during the application of chemotherapy. Methodology: To process this bachelor thesis and to achieve the set aims a qualitative research examination was done while using the technique of secondary analysis of relevant resources. This research included looking for the information concerning the problem in the professional and scientific publications as well as gaining the experience during the internship in the Department of Pediatric Oncology in the Faculty Hospital Brno Results: This thesis describes key principles of the nursing childcare during chemotherapy focused mainly on the possible problems related side effects of cytostatic. The main task of the nurse is to watch a possible occurrence of these effects and to provide a careful nursing care. The nurse must always adapt the care to the current health condition and needs of the patient. Each child is individual and reacts differently to the cure. It is necessary during the chemotherapy to prevent from a possible infection by a very careful barrier nursing care. The task of the nurse is also to provide children and parents with a psychological support, to educate about the treatment regime in her competence, to ensure the safe cytostatic use while watching their effect and possible complications as well as to take a complex care of venous inlets. The thesis also finds out the right rules of the safe manipulations with cytostatic. The main rule during each manipulation is to protect your own health by using the protective equipment such as special Nitrile gloves, oral veils etc. and to work according to the rules of the safe manipulation with cytostatic which are available in each oncological department. Conclusions: This research work is treated as a theoretical overview work and its main benefit is presenting the theoretical knowledge about the oncology nursing childcare while describing a very important part of the nurse taking care of children oncological patients. The nurse must have a lot of both theoretical and practical knowledge which she uses during the nursing care. The results of this research should provide both professional and lay public enough information about the children oncology.
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Nursing care for women after breast ablation from the viewpoint of patients
TÓTHOVÁ, Kristýna
Recently, the breast carcinoma is one of the most severe cancers affecting women. It is very serious disease, therefore it is necessary to give these women increased attention. This bachelor thesis focuses on the women, who underwent the breast ablation. It is focused on the subjective view of the patients on the pre-surgery and post-surgery care. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the anatomy, the kinds, the causes and clinical signs of the breast carcinoma are mentioned. In the other part the prevention, the prognosis, the diagnosis and the cure of breast carcinoma is mentioned. Following chapters deal with the pre-surgery and post-surgery nursing care for the women who undergo breast ablation. In the last chapter, the support groups and their functions are mentioned. The empirical part of the thesis includes the results of research survey, which deals with pre-surgery and post-surgery nursing care for the women after breast ablation from the point of view of the women and also with the awareness of support groups. A qualitative research was used to process the data. As the method of research survey was chosen a half-structured interview, women were asked 18 questions. The interviews were recorded, rewritten to written form and then categorised and analysed. This bachelor thesis was written in a certain way, to bring basic overview of the nursing care for the women after breast ablation. The result of this bachelor thesis is a proposal for a manual for general nurses (the treating personnel), who treat the women who underwent breast ablation.
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Lifestyle adjustment of adolescents diagnosed with cancer and of their siblings
Holcová, Ludmila ; Radvanská, JItka (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the lifestyle of adolescent patients before and after cancer treatment. Moreover, the thesis examines the influence of this disease on the lifestyle of their siblings. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is more extensive, there are presented the results of theoretical knowledge about nutrition of oncological adolescents after the termination of cancer treatment. These general principles can be used as a prevention of cancer disease. This section also contains the characteristics of adolescence and the issues of cancer disease with children and adolescents. The research summarizes the results obtained from the survey. To determine the changes in eating habits among adolescent cancer patients and their siblings, the quantitative method was used. For the processing, it has been used 20 questionnaires from adolescents and 20 questionnaires from their siblings; all of them were completely filled. The questionnaire designated for patients includes the questions concerning diet, drinking regime, physical activity before and after the treatment, awareness of oncological adolescents and their sources of knowledge. The questionnaire for siblings includes the questions about lifestyle change after their sibling's illness. The aim of this research part was to...
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The Role of Communication in Medical Diagnosis of Cancer Patients from the Perspective of Young Doctors
Tvrdá, Pavlína ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Háva, Petr (referee)
The thesis called Informed of the Diagnosis to Cancer Patients from the Perspective of Young Doctors try to figure out what is the preparedness of young physicians to communicate the diagnosis to cancer patients and identify problem areas associated within the Czech health care system. The theoretical and practical considerations are analyzed, including the work environment. There are the high demands placed on physicians in institutional care and the associated risk of professional burnout is described. The training of physicians in undergraduate and postgraduate education was explored. Primary data was gathered using qualitative research method by semistructural interviews with doctors. The next part of the thesis are categories, that were interpreted by analysis and comparison of the secondary sources of data. Interpretations of categories are replenished by citations. The findings correspond to the main research questions.
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