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Problem Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Šteglová, Dominika ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This thesis focuses on problem behavior, its manifestations and causes of origin in children with autism spectrum disorders. The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part focuses on introduction to issues of autism spectrum disorders and problem behavior. Mentioned here is history and etiology of disorders, also the part deals with autistic triad of disability. Among others I try briefly characterize various autism spectrum disorders focusing on infantile autism. In the second part the problem behavior is elaborated. Important for me was to introduce readers to the issue of problem behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders, but attention was also paid to aggressive behavior in general, its etiology and types based on psychological theories. In the empirical part the thesis deals with analysis of manifestations of problem behavior, reasons of its origin and frequency of occurrence this behavior in two boys with infantile autism. The aim of the thesis is to describe all these phenomena based on case studies, for which I used the methods of observation of two boys, interview with their parents and analysis of documents provided to me by the school and family. Keywords Autism spectrum disorder, infantile autism, autistic triad, problem behavior,...
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Alcohol and Czech punk subculture
Broklová, Lada ; Šucha, Matúš (advisor) ; Janíková, Barbara (referee)
This thesis deals with the relation between followers of the punk subculture, the Czech way of using alcoholic beverages and a way of thinking about it. It describes their attitudes, beliefs and habits when consuming alcoholic beverages. In the theoretical part are defined general information about alcohol, such as history, effects and methods of use. The work also deals with the effects of alcohol on the young human organism. The following chapters describe the sociological themes such as culture, subculture, and their relation. Further information about the origin and evolution of the punk subculture in the world in the Czech Republic from its inception to the present. The following are the statistical information on alcohol in the Czech punk scene. In the empirical part of the work is devoted to describe patterns of alcohol use among Czech punk followers, their opinions and attitudes. This is a qualitative study, data collection method was used semi-structured individual interviews with the followers of punk. When creating data were used qualitative methods and narrative approach. The following case report alkopunku followers that drinking alcoholic beverages greatly privileged and followers of straight edge case report - an orthodox offshoot of punk, which rejects any addictive substances, including...
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Communication in healtcare with orientation on ambulatory treatment
Horová, Kateřina ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Pekara, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to find out the most frequent causes of conflicts in ambulant components. It was further investigated if there is any influence or whether the appearance and behavior of a nurse has any impact on a problem behavior of a patient. The last goal was to determine how to prevent these conflicts in the area of ambulant components. The theoretical part is focused on definition of the concept of communication and its characteristics. I have focused on the types of communication and emphasize its importance in the profession of a nurse. It is followed by personal characteristics of a nurse. Assertive behavior, which can help to improve the communication between a nurse and a patient, is also mentioned. The empirical part describes a quantitative method of the data collection by questionnaires. The administration of questionnaires, their return and mathematical processing of the data are also described. All is followed by the results and their interpretation. At the end of the thesis there is an evaluation of the formulated hypotheses that have emerged from the objectives of the thesis.
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The psychology of story
Pithartová Slachová, Helena ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
In the theoretical part of dissertation main ideas and concepts of narrative psychology are reviewed. The notion of both narrative and paradigmatic knowing coined by Jerome Bruner is explained. The importance of story and narrative for organizing and understanding human experience is discussed. Other psychological functions of both story and narrative metaphor are mentioned. In the empirical part selected stories that could be considered as a part of European cultural heritage (cultural meta-narratives) are analysed. The methods used for story analysis are TAT (ThematicApperception Test) and CCRT (Core Conflictual Relationship Theme, Luborsky et al.). The aim of the empirical part is to verify the construct of "a latent story". Another goal is to identify repeating motives in the selected stories, that could be used as a form of projective method. Keywords Story, narrative, latent story, narrative psychology, myth.
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Knowledge analysis of students primary school, high school and university in the field of protection human on behalf of emergency in Capital City Prague
Piš, Jindřich ; Fiala, Miloš (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
11 Abstract Name of the essay: Knowledge analysis of students primary school, high school and university in the field of protection human on behalf of emergency in capital city Prague Aim of the essay: The main objective of this work is to point out the topic of civil protection, determine the way of education and knowledge of students at Prague schools. Another component of this essay describes the history and present condition of civil protection in our region, legislation and the meaning of civil protection for our country. Method: For getting data in this empirical study the method of inquiry was used. The inquiry contains of three parts: identification, research and complement. The individual study was made on chosen Prague schools and universities. Results: Frequency and statistical significance of answers were made from received data. The results showed that students have some knowledge in traffic education and first aid. But there is still lot of things that students should learn, mostly in civil protection. Key words: Civil protection, civil protection education, civil defense, history of civil defense
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Quality of life of patients with a stoma
Jánská, Pavla ; Nikodemová, Hana (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Marie (referee)
Thesis "Quality of life of patients with a stoma 'is about what all includes the patient's life with a stoma. The theoretical part acquaint with issues related to each stoma. Describe the anatomy of the digestive and urinary tract, history and basic division stoma. Shortly in my work, I also described diseases that can be dealt with stoma. Describe preoperative and postoperative care, devoted to the care and stoma aids. I mention also stoma complications and deal with the patient's quality of life . In the empirical part of the work I present results obtained using a structured questionnaire, which I compiled for purpose of work. In conclusion mention of findings arising from my investigation and my assessment of the objectives.
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Psychological support and communication with family on newborn resuscitation, ICU
Morávková, Tereza ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Novák, Ivan (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE 1. LÉKAŘSKÁ FAKULTA Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví N5345 Studijní obor: Intenzivní péče MIP 5345T024 Bc. Tereza Morávková Psychická podpora a komunikace s rodinou novorozence na ARO/JIP Psychological support and communication with family on newborn resuscitation, ICU DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Vedoucí diplomové práce: PhDr. Alena Mellanová, CSc. Praha ABSTRACT This diploma thesis is theoretical and empirical, and focuses on emotional support and communication with parents of a newborn in a resuscitation department or ICU. It analyzes the approach that the medical staff has towards these parents, specifically psychological support in the form of sufficient and adequate communication. The theoretical section begins with the classification of newborns. Next the reasons for intensive and neonatal care for very premature babies are discussed. The following chapter contains an analysis of the psychological changes that the parents of a newborn in a resuscitation department or ICU may experience. This chapter describes the general characteristics of fear and anxiety. The next section describes the reasons, possible manifestations and consequences of this fear and anxiety experienced by the families. The next chapter sets out the principles of communication with a family in a...
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The use of restrictive means at patients
Přikryl, Petr ; Šlaisová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hosák, Ladislav (referee) ; Machalová, Iva (referee)
The bachelor's work deals with patients'view of the use of restrictive means. In the theoretical part are given a brief history overview of the mentally ill and attitudes towards them, methods of treatment, ways of patients'hospitalization, separate kinds of restrictive means and indication to their use. In the empiric part are evaluated interviews with seven female patients, hospitalized in the Psychiatric Clinic in Havlíčkův Brod, that were restricted in a protective net bed. The aim was to determine the females patients' view of single phases relating to the restriction and their confrontation with documentation and the care staff's view. The patients'attitude towards the given-topic interview was helpful, they willingly answered most of the 107 asked questions. The quality probe found out that the patients themselves did not assess the single restriction negatively, they admitted its validity and its beneficial effect in most of the cases. The most contradictory were descriptions of situations leading to the restrictions.
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Interaction of proteins with inhibitors: quantum chemical study
Dobeš, Petr ; Hobza, Pavel (advisor) ; Vondrášek, Jiří (referee) ; Jurečka, Petr (referee)
This dissertation focuses on theoretical studies of the interaction between protein kinases and their inhibitors. Studied protein kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and CK2 kinase (casein kinase 2) play an important role in regulating cellular processes in eukaryotic organisms. Their abnormal function in human cells can lead to serious diseases. This process can be stopped by blocking the aberrant protein kinases using specific low molecular weight inhibitors. Inhibitors of protein kinases typically bind to the active site of the enzyme by noncovalent interactions. Theoretical description of these interactions using quantum-chemical and molecular mechanical methods can help in understanding the biophysical principles governing the binding. These, in turn, can be subsequently used for a rational drug design of more effective and more specific inhibitors. The stabilization energy of the complex of CDK2 with inhibitor roscovitine is predominantly formed by the dispersion energy. DFT methods, which do not describe the dispersion energy was thus completely inappropriate for the treatment of such a system. When an empirical term is included to correct for the description of dispersion, such methods, as e.g. the SCC-DFTB-D, can be recommended for computation of this or similar complexes. The dominant part...
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The role of lifelong learning in the practise of the nursing profession
Hašková, Jindra ; Lorenzová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kasíková, Hana (referee)
The thesis has the theoretical and empirical character and is divided into eleven chapters. The first chapter explains the reasons for the selection of the topic. The second chapter is focused on the history of nursing and the origins of education of nurses until establishment of the nursing education system discussed in detail in the following chapter. The third chapter is divided into the parts focused on the education system in the world and in our country. In the individual subchapters is described the period from the establishment of the first nursing school in London in 1860 to the present. The fourth chapter characterizes individual forms of lifelong learning, as provided for in Act No. 96/2004 of the Collection of Laws of the Czech Republic. The fifth chapter lists the conditions for attainment of registration while exercising the nursing profession. The sixth chapter describes a professional organization and its position in the lifelong learning of nurses, and is followed by the summary of the theoretical part and the valid regulations in the seventh part. The eighth chapter is entirely focused on the empirical survey. It explains the objective, hypotheses, characteristics of the research sample, and data collection and evaluation. The ninth chapter summarizes the results of the empirical survey....
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