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New pharmacological interventions influencing food intake focused on effects of CART (cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript) peptide and prolactin-releasing peptide
Maixnerová, Jana
The thesis was focused on characterization of biological activities of two recently discovered anorexigenic neuropeptides: CART (cocaine- and amphetamine- regulated transcript) peptide and prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP). In order to find a pharmacophore of CART peptide, shorter fragments of CART(61- 102) peptide were tested for binding to PC12 cells and nhibition of food intake in fasted mice. The results showed that a compact structure of CART peptide containing three disulphide bridges is necessary for preservation of its full biological activity. In the second part of the thesis, synergistic and long-lasting effect of centrally administered peptide CART and peripherally administered cholecystokinin (CCK) is described. In fasted C57BL/6 mice, the anorexigenic effect of CART was enhanced by a subthreshold dose of CCK, while CCK1 receptor antagonist devazepide blocked the effect of CART peptide on food intake. In the third part of the thesis, food intake in fed lean and MSG (monosodium- glutamate treated) obese male mice with lesions in nucleus arcuatus (ARC) showed that anorexigenic action of CART peptide was preserved but satiety effect of CCK was completely lost and therefore, effective leptin signaling in ARC is necessary for satiety effect of CCK. Finally, the PrRP receptor was detected in...
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Education towards providing of crisis intervention in personal assistance
Marušák, Vlastimil ; Koťa, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Sedláčková, Daniela (referee)
Master thesis is based on long personal experience in position of methodologist and director for provider of personal assistance. In the theoretical part I first of aU describe crisis and crisis interventi on in general. Then I focused on personal assistance and its specifics in the Czech Republic, on personal assistants, who they are, what the conditions for their work are and who the c1ients of personal assistance are. Next part of my thesis deals with crisis that could exist in personal assistance and also with the question by whom and under what conditions can be crisis intervention provided. Then, based on these data, I suggest special crisis intervention seminar for workers in social services. The empiric part of the thesis represents assemble of data about c1ients of personal assistance, personal assistants and crisis events in personal assistance coUected in the last 3 years. The last part of this thesis is completely filled application for accreditation of the proposed course for Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Cz ech Republic.
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Psychological interventions for risk group drivers
Šmolíková, Jana ; Rymeš, Milan (advisor) ; Michalík, David (referee) ; Kořán, Martin (referee)
5 Abstract The dissertation thesis in the first part is focused on psychological causes of accidents and the possibilities of psychological prevention. The advantages of various theories and the importance of intervention programs are emphasized. Author bring the overview of knowledge for two focus group, about changes of abilities of older driver and knowledge about risky driving, which can lead to negative effects during driving. In the second empirical part attitudes and behavior of 655 drivers using three questionnaires were explored. Czech version of Driver Anger Scale Questionnaire, used for discovering frustration and type with frequency of anger in traffic situations, Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, used for discovering different kinds of errors of behavior and their frequency, and Brief Inventory of Small Errors, which is concerned on smaller errors and their frequency. The purpose of present study was also to test DBQ and DAS through correlations with the SPARO Personality Inventory and WRBTV test for risky behavior. The results show that these methods can be recommended for risky driving assessment and intervention programs.
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Psychological aspects of gambling and realted consequenses
HŮDOVÁ, Veronika
Psychological aspects of gambling and the consequences associated with this problem My thesis deals with psychological aspects of gambling and the consequences associated with this problem. The research was focused on regular casino visitors, but partly also to gamblers who have already decided to treat their addiction. The theoretical part is divided into 8 subchapters, in which basic terms concerning gambling are mentioned, for example: definitions and categorization of the terms gambling and pathological gambling, a list of possible causes of the addiction origination, characteristics of risk groups, individual forms of gambling, the development of addiction, the addiction treatment and the possibility of a social worker intervention. The purpose of my study was to identify and analyze the motives for gambling with regard to the quality of life, with a special attention to social aspects and possibilities of a social worker intervention. In relation to the objective of the thesis four hypotheses were stated, for verification of which quantitative research was used. The interviewing method by means of a structured questionnaire was selected. The analysis of the conclusions enabled to verify the defined hypothesis, which says, that playing of hazardous games has a negative effect to level of psychological mood of the human being. Another stated hypothesis supposing that gambling causes economic, social, family and work problems has not been confirmed by the research. The following hypothesis presuming that a random winning encourages the gamblers to continue playing has been confirmed by a vast majority of respondents. And the last hypothesis, in which is defined the presumption, that the level of life quality is related to grade of pathological gambling, was also confirmed. The results of my work may be used in education or as information for social workers. Based on the findings on the issue of pathological gambling I suggest to focus on prevention of development of this dangerous addiction.
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Specifics of Romany children's Nursing
VEJSADOVÁ, Pavlína
The Romany ethnic group is the largest minority which is living in Czech Republic. This minority group is often characterized as problematic especially due to its specific way of life and different value ladder. These oddnesses are apparent already in the childhood. Also family takes a very spontaneous approach to the Romany child upbringing. Romany child goes to sleep when he wants eats when he wants and no demands are placed on him. Frequent phenomenon is also absence of the preschool education which plays a crucial role in the preparation for the elementary school. Thus into the hospital environment comes often child who was used to his closed world in which he talked only Romany and was surrounded only by his family. Nurse has in that moment a difficult task to provide high quality culture specific care to the ethnic group which is in eyes of society and often also in the eyes of the nurse herself problematic and covered with prejudice. Subject for this bachelor thesis are the specifics of hospital care for child Romany patient. Target of the practical part is to define the specifics of the medical care for child Romany patient. Research was done in form of qualitative research with help of half-standardized interviews method with the nurses working in the children´s inpatient ward. Interviewed were 7 nurses with the wide spread of education level starting from secondary professional education in the subject nurse and paediatric nurse up to nurses with bachelor degree. Second research universe were Romany children in the age of 5 ? 7 hospitalized on the paediatric ward block. By the child patients the hidden observation has been used focused on the social contact with other patients and personnel, motor skills, level of self-care and verbal language. Second part was the hidden observation focused on the care given by nurses on paediatric ward blocks. Nurses were observed by daily activities. Evaluated was especially application of the culture specifics into the offered care and communication with the child while invasive intervention has been executed. To the facts which emerged from the interview belongs that majority of interviewed nurses confess reflecting of prejudice into medical care. They count among clear specifics in communication of Romany child especially insufficient knowledge of Czech language. In the area of self-care they perceive as a crucial deficit putting on the clothes and hygiene. The majority of the observed nurses did not include the specifics into the provided medical care. During the observation was discovered that the nurses do not have enough knowledge and experience for providing the culture specific medical care. Second part of the observation was focused on the Romany child patients and their specifics in the verbal language, self-care, behaviour towards other patients and medical staff, motor activities and playing activities. In this part the statements of nurses concerning the insufficient vocabulary and the lack of self-care in terms of putting on the clothes and hygiene was confirmed. From the results of the research emerged that the medical care for the Romany patient has its specific, which the nurses cannot work with and which they cannot apply into the provided medical care. In the area of communication with the family should the nurse be that active person and involve the family into the care for Romany child. Romany child is very spontaneous, it gives an impression of ill-breeding and does not respect social rules. On the other hand it has also positive personality traits as responsiveness, sense for a game, sincerity and openness. Nurses should therefore have a thought about the sense of hospital care a try to see in human beings especially positive personality traits and use them to the fulfilment of the medical care targets and for prevention and support of health of the small Romany patient.
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The qualitative research of motivation aspects of crisis intervention workers in a broader social frame
Vacková, Petra ; Holda, Dalibor (advisor) ; Humpl, Lukáš (referee)
The first objective of this thesis is to describe motivational aspects of members of The Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic in a broader social frame which brought the to the selection of a specialization as members of post-traumatic care teams within The Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic. In the centre of the exploration there are questions of their motivation for a selection of their specialization and also questions about their expectations from the specialization, questions of their actual experience and of their value tendencies. The other objective of this thesis is to compare data from interviews with firemen with data from interviews with workers of psychosocial crisis intervention who were respondents of a pilot research. The theoretical part of the thesis describes basic definitions of topical dealt with in the research such as motivation, needs, crisis, crisis intervention, workers of crisis intervention, The Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic, firemen and qualitative research. The second practical part of the thesis presents a qualitative research aiming to describe motivational aspects of firemen. The main data collection method are semi-standardized interviews with 9 firemen - members of post-traumatic care teams from 5 district and 8 different fire brigade stations of the Czech Republic....
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Interventions focused on the support of family members of person with mental illness.
Skřečková, Nela ; Dragomirecká, Eva (advisor) ; Kodymová, Pavla (referee)
(English) This diploma thesis deals with the issue of mental disorders and services provided to family members of people with mental disorder within a non-profit sector. The first part includes theoretical chapters which are processed by analysing available literature. The chapters inform about mental disorder, quality of life, and describe the care of people with mental disorders - particularly social skills and communication, housing, education, employment and leisure time. The theoretical part also focuses on social work with the mentally ill and includes a role of a social worker. In conclusion, the theoretical part describes the possibilities of supporting family members within the system of the care of persons with mental disorder, especially educational and psychoeducational programmes. The empirical part maps the current range of services for family members of people with mental disorder, and in connection with that, it determines what workers consider to be their benefit. Then, the views of family members on the psychoeducational programme and the current system of taking care of persons with mental illness were examined in a parent organization. To implement the research, I chose a qualitative approach. The method used was a questionnaire survey and group interviews. The results showed...
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Analysis of the impact of foreign exchange interventions of the Czech National Bank in the years 1993-2013
Kuchařová, Martina ; Štekláč, Jiří (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis is analyzing the impact of foreign exchange intervention by Czech National Bank in years 1993 -- 2013. The main goal is to analyze and evaluate impact of realized monetary policies, especially of foreign exchange intervention, on real economics. First, I am elaborating on theoretical background of concept of central bank and I am trying to provide comprehensible explanation about its role in forming monetary policy of the country. Particular instruments and their application by Czech National Bank are also introduced. In practical section of the bachelor thesis I am showing usage of individual monetary policy tools in the past in the context of economically situation of the Czech Republic. The bachelor thesis presents to the reader basic idea about status and activity of the central bank of our country and about impact of realized measures on real economy.
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Intervention in pragmatic language skills in children with Asperger syndrom.
Bělohlávková, Lucie ; Housarová, Blanka (referee)
In the rigorous thesis "Intervention in pragmatic language field for children with Asperger's syndrome" information is summed up about the pragmatic language field focusing on children with Asperger's syndrome. The author prepared a comprehensive group of approaches in the field of pragmatic language development, based on realized research. The rigorous thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter describes the pragmatic field (from a linguistic point of view and on its development and pathology). In the second chapter, the author details, based on information from scientific literature, diagnostics and symptoms of Asperger's syndrome, with a focus on communication. The third chapter includes the latest findings about logopaedics diagnostic and diagnostic of communication difficulties of children with Asperger's syndrome. The pivotal parts of the rigorous thesis are the fourth and the fifth chapters. The fourth chapter analysis the results of investigation using the Children's Communication Checklist (the part focusing on pragmatic language field only). In the fifth chapter, the author details a comprehensive set of approaches used for development of this field. This set is based on individual categories of the Children's Communication Checklist. The last chapter describes two kazuistics, where...
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