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Influence of sports on smoking and consumption of alcohol
Michlian, Štefan ; Princ, Michael (advisor) ; Hrbek, Pavel (referee)
This paper focuses on the meaning of sport for present people. All motivations which lead them to practise sport are stated. We consider the trend of decreasing volume of physical activity in population especially in developed countries and the total social costs because of this trend. We analyse the investments opportunities of health system in promoting physical activity and how much these methods are cost-effective. Furthemore the meaning of sport as prevention before socially undesirable phenomena is examined, particularly smoking of cigarettes and consumption of alcohol We present the previous studies which were done in this topic. The methodology of survey, questionnaire survey in theory and in practice is described. In the last chapter gained data are analysed with OLS method, Tobit model, probit model and interval regression. Pros and cons of these models and results are commented.
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The issue of creation of reserves for the decommissioning of nuclear installations
Metelková, Michaela ; Geuss, Erik (advisor) ; Knápek, Jaroslav (referee)
This work is focused on the issue of creation of reserves to cover the costs of decommissioning of nuclear installations. These costs arise from the need to prevent exposure to radioactivity and other pollutants that adversely affect the environment and human health. The thesis describes various systems of decommissioning of nuclear installations and the creation of reserves in selected countries - the Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Finland and France. The analytical part of the work deals with comparative analysis of the creation of reserves for decommissioning of nuclear facilities in selected countries and their subsequent evaluation. The work is a basis for optimizing the system for establishing reserves for decommissioning of nuclear facilities in the Czech Republic.
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Economic analysis of costs and revenues of smoking from the state's perspective
Petráček, Tomáš ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Koblovský, Petr (referee)
The bachelor work deals with the regulation of tobacco products primarily with help of the most used, and probably the most effective price tool of this regulation - excise duty on tobacco. Following the outlined theoretical knowledge related to the issue and particular types of regulation, the work seeks to quantify the social costs of smoking on one hand and income resulting from the excise duty on tobacco and other revenue incoming to the state treasury due to the tobacco consumption in the Czech Republic on the other one. After that a comparison of the data with similar characteristics of the selected countries (Germany and the USA) follows - not only in reference to their absolute level but also due to differences of incomes and different costs of health care in particular countries. The aim of the project is to create a background which enables everyone to assess a justification of submitted foundations for the increase in excise duty on tobacco in the Czech Republic
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A comparative study of retirement age in the Czech Republic
Bakalová, Jana ; Boháček, Radim ; Münich, Daniel
Our analysis reveals that older generations in the Czech Republic still exhibit\nsome differences from more developed countries in Western and Northern\nEurope. Socio-economic conditions, educational attainment, occupational\nstructure, or health status are still lower due to reasons related to historical\ndevelopment in the 20th century. On the other hand, improvements and\nconvergence of aforementioned characteristics to more economically\ndeveloped countries of the EU during a relatively short period of time has been\nnotable.
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Attitude of Society to Physical Activities in the Context of the Historical Development
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Sára
Physical inactivity is one of the main problems of the 21th century. Low level of activity of the population is closely related to many lifestyle diseases. That is the reason why it is very important to find out which historical changes have led to today's low physical activity level. In this bachelor thesis I deal with the attitude of today's society towards physical activities in the context of historical development. I set three goals. The first one is to chart retrospectively the evolution of physical activities in the society. The second goal is to find out if in the past people were more active than nowadays. The last objective is focused on the description of historical changes which might have led to nowadays low physical activity level. This bachelor thesis is only theoretical. The beginning of this thesis is focused on the explanation of the basic terms associated with physical activity. The following chapter discusses the physical activity itself. The next parts of the thesis are focused on different periods of human history. The first historical period that I deal with is Prehistory. In the prehistoric times, physical activity was associated with survival. Physical fitness determined whether the prehistoric man obtains food, is victorious in battles, or is able to resist various types of danger. Because of these reasons, the attitude of the society towards physical activities was mainly practical, but at this time first sports also started to develop. The following part of this thesis focuses on the physical activities in slave countries. Physical activities like archery, wrestling, or infighting were permitted only within certain higher classes. A variety of treatment systems were developed in some Asian countries. The thesis deals with movement activities in ancient Greece as well. In this chapter, the emphasis is on the creation of the Olympic Games, the ideal of kalokagathia and physical education in Sparta and Athens. The next era included in this thesis is the Middle Ages. In this chapter is a description of the differences between the physical activities in the countryside and the city. Physical activities of the aristocracy are included as well. The Modern Times part of this thesis is mainly focused on the development of the physical education and its inclusion in the school curriculum systems. The fundamental change in this period that affected the attitude toward physical activities was the industrial revolution and the related migration of people from rural to urban areas. As a result of this change, the new era of sedentary lifestyle began and that's causing us a lot of problems now. Modern Times brought a big change to the whole attitude towards physical activity. Nowadays, physical activity is seen as one of the forms of recreation. The last part of this thesis is focused on the 20th century. This chapter discusses mainly the problem of the lack of physical activity. In the end, the changes that led to today's low physical activity level are summarized. I used professional literature and internet sources to study the problem. In conclusion, I evaluated all of the information collected within my research. From them is clear that the attitude towards physical activities has changed dramatically since Prehistory. From my literature research is also following that the problem with inactivity and the health issues linked to inactivity started being a problem at the 2nd half of 20th century. Due to a big importance of physical activity and its ability to prevent many diseases I would suggest to increase the physical activity level more in a free time activities. I think that this thesis pointing out one of the main problems of today's society and I think that this work could serve as a source of information for the public.
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The utilization of data on immigrant families for the purpose of assessment of potential demands on social system related to family reunification
Horáková, M. ; Bareš, P. ; Schebelle, D. ; Kubát, J. ; Uherek, Zdeněk ; Brouček, Stanislav ; Beranská, Veronika
The methodology investigates prerequisites and proposes methods of utilization of data on immigrant families for the purpose of assessment of social and economic demands of migration and integration. The family perspective enables to analyse some aspects which can’t be taken into account if only individual data on foreigners are considered. This covers entries such as: size of the family, number of children living either in the Czech Republic and/or abroad (both dependent children and children with their own incomes), economic activity and incomes of the family unit, proportion of social allowances in total income etc.). This promotes better understanding to recent trends and allows appropriate adaptation of social infrastructure (in the area of labour market, educational institutions, health system, social security, cultural programmes etc.). Methodology pursuits some similar aims and further develops preceding methodology for the Constitution of the Information System on Immigrant Families from the Third Countries.
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Occupational accidents and occupational diseases
Štaňková, Helena ; Vysokajová, Margerita (advisor) ; Drápal, Ljubomír (referee)
Occupational accidents and occupational deseases The purpose of my thesis is to analyze the legal regulation of occupational accidents and occupational diseaseses. I focused mainly on legal regulation of employer liability for damage to health workers, the revised in the act 262/2006 Sb., Labour Code. Effective regulation of the issue is highly fragmented, extends to more legal fields. As of 1.1.2013 is expected entry into force of Act 266/2006 Sb., about accident insurance of employees. Accident Insurance Act brings major changes. Workmen's compensation insurance for damage in an industrial accident or occupational disease will be replaced by a new form of social insurance - injury insurance policy with its own system of benefits. The monopoly of two commercial insurance companies, which now carries out mandatory insurance, will be abolished. It entrusts the Czech Social Security Administration, that carries out other types of social insurance. The financial demands, lack of preparedness of the Czech Social Security a ministration and other complications have led repeatedly to postpone the entry into force of the Act. Now underway to further intensive work on amendment of this Act. The question remains whether the Act takes effect at all and, what results this will bring. The thesis deals with the...
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Tree rings and peat bogs as archives of recent trends in Pb and Hg deposition in the Czech Republic
Zuna, Milan ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Komárek, Michal (referee) ; Soudek, Petr (referee)
1 Tree rings and peat bogs as archives of recent trends in Pb and Hg deposition in the Czech Republic Milan Zuna, 2012 Abstract The environment polluted by toxic metals is currently one of the most topical subjects studied in a great many countries. Toxic metals and their forms are studied primarily because of their negative impact on the environment and also on human health. In the territory of the Czech Republic, direct measurements of the concentrations of these substances are available only for a limited time period. Consequently, indirect methods, such as geochemical archives, are used to determine the historical environmental burdens from these metals. Historical lead concentrations (Pb) were studied on peat bog profiles and tree rings in selected localities in the Czech Republic. Altogether 12 peat bog profiles and 33 wood cores (Picea abies) were studied, in the border territories of the Czech Republic with different historical burdens (Krušné Hory - Novodomské rašeliniště - ND, Jizerské hory - Bílá Smědá - BS, Šumava - Jezerní slat - JS), and in a historically burdened area polluted by processing of Pb- Ag ores (Příbram-Brdy). In the vicinity of Příbram, areas around the Brdy ridge (9 km east of the Pb metallurgical works) as well as in the immediate vicinity of the metallurgical works. We used the...
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Detection of minimal residual disease in patients with early breast cancer
Janků, Filip ; Matouš, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Brdička, Radim (referee) ; Melichar, Bohuslav (referee)
Breast cancer is one of the most serious health problems in our society. In the Czech Republic there are nearly 6000 women newly diagnosed annually. Despite the increasing incidence the mortality is leveling off or even decreasing in many countries (152,153). It is probably attributed to earlier diagnosis and the introduction of screening mammograms in many developed countries (154), and new findings in molecular biology of tumors. Several molecular factors are already routinely used in routine clinical practice as prognostic (estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER-2/neu, p53, Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor-VEGF), and predictive factors (estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER-2/neu) or therapeutic targets of anticancer treatment (estrogen and progesterone receptors, EGFR, HER- 2/neu, HER3, HER4, VEGF, mTOR) (7,45,155-157). The detection of minimal residual disease in early breast cancer is another attempt to implement modern diagnostic technologies in order to improve treatment outcomes. The aim of the study was to investigate diagnosis and prognostic implications of minimal residual disease in axillary lymph nodes, and bone marrow of patients with early breast cancer. The most promising material was bone marrow. From the clinical point of view it is necessary to validate both...
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