|
Antimicrobial consumption in children aged 0-14, international comparison
Laštík, Jozef ; Křížová, Eva (advisor)
Antibiotics are nedůležitějším means that the company has in the fight against bacterial infections. The discovery of penicillin by Sir A.Flemingem in 1928 , its isolation Chaine and Floreym in 1940 and subsequent clinical use have meant that until serious or fatal bacterial infectious diseases are today curable . In the following years there have been many more antibiotics or chemotherapeutics , which expands treatment options microbial infections . The high popularity of antibiotics in clinical practice over the course of a few decades taken their toll. Substantial consumption of antimicrobial agents and their misuse has led to the emergence of bacterial resistance with which the discovery of antibiotics planned. Adverse the result is a reduced capacity in the selection of antibiotic therapy in the causal infection. This poses a huge risk to the current population , but especially for the next generation . It may even occur to the fact that the antibiotics used today lost due to bacterial resistance efficiency, and we will not be able to fight against bacteria . One of the branches of medicine where there permanently increased consumption of antibiotics , pediatrics . Children have limited immune mechanisms , and therefore constitute a population that is more susceptible to infections. Most often ,...
|
|
Various ways of therapeutic influence on multiple sclerosis
Chalachanová, Katarína ; Posová, Helena (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disease. It hits young adults, but can also break out in middle age. MS causes the permanent physical disability. Among young adults MS occurs as a relaps-remiting form, which later changes into a secondary progressive form. Among older patients, MS occurs from beginning as primary progressive form. The progressive-relapsing is a rare form of MS. The development of the disease is individual and so is the reaction to the treatment. Nowadays, 5 drugs are approved for the treatment of the multiple sclerosis. Most of these drugs reduce the relapse rate, the risk of disability progression and the number and the activity of active lesions. Here we offer the description of currently accessible drugs. The mechanism of immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effect is accented. In the last two sections we offer a short overview of monoclonal antibodies and oral drugs which are under the clinical trials. Keywords: multiple sclerosis, interferon-β, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, mitoxantrone, fingolimod, corticoids
|
|
Ankylosing Spondylitis and its Treatment Options in Terms of Physiotherapy
Dobrovolská, Zuzana ; Šlapáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Tesařová, Martina (referee)
My bachelor thesis is focused on the disease called Bekhterev's disease, also known as ankylosing spondylitis. In the introduction to this thesis, I focused on my motivation and objective of this work, why I decided to write about this topic. I also mentioned the origin of this disease, its history and it's mechanism of occurence . In the practical part, I focused on the anatomical description of the human body, especially the back muscles, spine and root joints. There are even a detailed examination and diagnosis of the disease. I wanted to point out how the disease is incurable, how it occurs and whether the problems that entails can at least be partially be alleviated. I wanted to especially point out the methods of physical therapy which can be used to reduce progression of bekhterev's disease, teach affected people to live with this disease and be able to fit into the activities of daily life and ultimately find a job that is suitable for patients. I also wanted to compare two completely different stages of the disease: the patients with the fifth degree of disability with permanent movement restriction, and patients who have first degree of disability, which causes far more problems and of course, their individual approach to the disability and mental condition, both of which are very different. I...
|
|
Social impact of mental anorexy of child patient´s to a family.
ŠOUNOVÁ, Jitka
SOCIAL INPACT OF THE MENTAL ANOREXIA AFFECTING CHILDREN´S PATIENTS ON HE FAMILY In choosing the subject of my degree work I was influenced fundamentally by my experience gained during the department of children´s psychiatry. At thes very interesting work I had opportunity to become acquainted not only with various psychiatric diagnoses but with plenty of human fates in particular. The girls with plenty of human fates in particular. The girls wth mental anorexia were frequent patients of this department. During their long-term and often repeated hospitalization I met both the patients and the whole families. That´s why I could follow the development of the children affected like this and the impact of this illness on the family as well. The mental anorexia is a very grave and lingering illness belonging to the group of disorders in food ingestion. The consequences of this illness for he health can be of an persistent character and it is not exceptional that this illness is even fatal. The therapy is spite of all therapeutical possibilities, the modern psychiatry has at disposal. Therefore, the families of the patients have not only to get over the fear for the life and health of their members, but they have also to overcome longlasting psychological stress connected with the care of the person affected like this. This care can influence the running of the family fundamentally. It often happens that the family has to reduce the professional activities with respect to the exacting care. This can result in aggravation of the economic situation of the family. A considerable lowering of the living standard and the following crisis can take place in families with low incomes. Permanent psychological stress, deterioration of the economic situation and fair for the child can influence also the relations between individual members of the family. It is no exception that this stress has an adverse effect on the marriage of the parents, and that expecially in the case that the marriage was a problematic one as early as before the child fell ill.
|
|
Dietary factors in etiopatogenesis of kidney?s disease.
Kubátová, Andrea ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Acute and chronic renal diseases belong permanently among those with a relatively significant prevailance. Conservative treatment, including dietetic interventions, plays an important role in medical strategy. Dietetic scheme of the 80's of the 19th century is still used as a fastening point. For this scheme is, of course, unavoidable to be submitted to strict individualisation, not only regarding the health status of the patient, but also in relation to his psychic status and compliance resulting from it, must be taken into consideration. In case of the acute renal failure, the basis of dietetic structures is created by low-protein diets, which range between the energetic value of 25-50 kcal/kg/day and the intake of 0,6-1,2g/kg/day proteins, rich in essential amino acids. Further, the low-protein diets are supplemented with the reduced intake of natrium, calium and phosphorus. With chronic renal failure, dietetic processions are divided into three schemes in dependency on the level of serum creatinin. Moreover, they respect a distortion of lipid metabolism, distortion of glucoregulation and the individual status of the patients again. It is crucial to start conservative medical processions already in the early stadium of renal functions decrease. At the same time, the level of serum creatinin...
|
|
Refugees: the problem of Second Republic
Mádr, Pavel ; Soběhart, Radek (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
This paper deals with the issue of refugees who had to leave boarder regions of Czechoslovakia in 1938 after Germans occupied them as a result of the Munich Conference. It analyzes their numbers, motivations, professions etc. and then focuses on the management of refugee care. It tries to characterize the basic attributes of the care and especially concentrates on their feeding, clothing, employment, emigration and medical service. From September 1938 to March 1939 almost 200 thousand refugees escaped to reduced Czechoslovakia (so called "Second Republic") which caused serious problems. There was confusion in the country but authorities in cooperation with NGOs and private companies managed to provide refugees with basic accommodation, clothing and feeding. However, their employment and permanent settlement remained, due to the economic problems of the state and winter season, which made seasonal works impossible, unsolved till German occupation in March 1939.
|
|
Impact of legislative changes on traffic accidents frequency in Czech Republic, 1990-2007
Buka, David ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
The theme of my thesis on the impact of legislative changes traffic accident rate in the CR in the period 1990-2007, I chose because of a particular socio-propletenosti legislative field rules and laws with the consequences of their existence in the form injured, permanently disabled or dead persons in the Czech roads. Their numbers reach values that are often mnohasetkrát greater than if many a seemingly dangerous grateful to the media problem. Every year comes Czech Republic of town with about a thousand inhabitants, and in most cases of working age who die on Czech roads. Tens of thousands of others must be longer or shorter time to heal consequences of these accidents. Many of them never fully recover. Certainly interesting to know whether changing laws and rules can be affect the amount of such tragedies, and of course best to lower values. From the simple premise that the mildest the consequences of the accident which happens, it is clear that direct the effort to reduce the number of accidents to prevent their formationplays. Looking back to the passed legislative changes relating to transport and for prevention programs, along with the history ofstatistics traffic accidents will give us a picture of what impact the changes should, and will give us guidance as to what further changes to implement for...
|
|
Ecotoxicological screening of antibiotic Augmentin 625® mg
Psohlavcová, Zuzana ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee) ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor)
Psohlavcová Zuzana, Ecotoxicological screening of the antibiotic Augmentin® 625 mg, rigorous thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology In the years 2005 - 2008 amoxicillin accounted 17% of all consumed antibacterial drugs used in systematic therapy. Usage of this antibiotic has not been reduced over the years and therefore the ecosystems are permanently contaminated. To evaluate the ecotoxicological effect of amoxicillin I used Algaltoxkit (ie. 72hour growth inhibition test of the green algae Selenastrum capricornutum) and Rapidtoxkit (rapid screening test for the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus). Next I used a 48hour test of acute toxicity with the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. I tested these organisms in concentrations ranging from 12,5 - 0,044 g/l of the active substance. Green algae reacted with the drug strongly toxic, while the standard from a concentration of 2.83 g/l. For T. platyurus were 30% inhibition of particle uptake for amoxicillin 3,28 g/l and test medicine 1,56 g/l. Ciliate reacted in tests with both substances strongly toxic. The drug Augmentin® 625 mg has been shown more toxic than the standard. Key words: ecotoxicity, Augmentin® 625 mg, amoxicillin, Tetrahymena pyriformis, Selenastrum...
|
|
Continuous welded rail on bridges
Vendel, Jiří ; Szabó, Petr (referee) ; Plášek, Otto (advisor)
The aim of the dissertation is to compare different analysis of the interaction continuous welded rail and bridge in the domestic and foreign literature and to compare the provisions of the prescription S3 Permanent way structure and ČSN EN 1991-2 (73 6203) Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges.
|
|
Restaurant with Microbrewery in Golčův Jeníkov
Wernerová, Lucie ; Soudek, Pavel (referee) ; Kalousek, Lubor (advisor)
The project involves the design and solution of restaurant with microbrewery and accommodations. This is a new building on the land plot no. 2739, which is located in Golčův Jeníkov and situated in the middle of plat. Entrance to object and disposition inside the building is has barrier-free solution. Restaurant with microbrewery is designed for a capacity of 120 people in restaurant and 30 places to sit in lounge bar. Total capacity of boarding house is 21 beds. One double room is designed has barrier-free solution. Structural system of restaurant with microbrewery is combined, which is formed in one part of precast concrete frame S 1.2 and in other part of wall structural system. They are designed reinforced concrete columns about dimensions 0,4x0,4 m with axial distance 6x8 m. Masonry part of the building and infill wall in above-ground floors is lined with ceramic blocks of the type therm. Infill wall in the basement is formed of permanent formwork. The building is insulated a contact thermal insulation with an insulation of thickness 130 mm. Internal loadbearing and non-load-bearing wall in basement and in first floor are lined with ceramic blocks type therm and in second floor they are designed plasterboard partitions. The building is covered with a warm flat roof. Loadbearing structure of roof and ceilings structure are formed prestressed concrete floor slabs SPIROLL. Floor assembly is burdened with river stones of thickness 120 mm.
|
guest ::
