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Portugal: Party a Political System
Šorfová, Vendula ; Novák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
O sistema partidário e politico no ämbito da evolugäo do regime democrático desenvolveu se do semipresidencialismo a sistema parlamentar pela su logica. A outra transformagäo ocorreu no nivel do funcionamento dos governos. O sistema transformou se de govemos extremamente instáveis e de coligagoes a governos estáveis de maiorias absolutas. Actualmente, o sistema está baseado na logica maioritária, o que facilitou o amadurecimento da democracia e das instituigôes politicas tal como do comportamento politico. Esta transformagäo foi causada pelos factores favoráveis. O mais importante é o facto que a sociedade portuguesa é homogénea, por isso o nivel da polarizagäo é muito baixo. Isso facilitou a contiguidade dos dois partidos politicos mais grandes que compartilham o mesmo eleitorado. Por isso, um destes partidos consegue ganhar a maioria absoluta dos mandados parlamentáis. O mais interessante é o facto, que é possivel ganhar da maioria absoluta apesar da utilizagäo do sistema eleitoral da representagäo proporcional, mesmo que com o certo nivel da disproporcionalidade. O estudo do sistema politico e partidário portugués é muito interessante em vista da ciéncia politica, a respeito de comportamento eleitoral, regulamento do sistema dos govemos, posigäo do presidente ou cultura politica. Se ponha em questäo a...
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How to refort the electoral system for the czech chamber of deputies? Analysis of current electoral system and reform options
Charvát, Jakub ; Bureš, Jan (advisor) ; Just, Petr (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyse a proposal of bill of electoral reform for electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, and especially by the Czech government prefered so-called Greek variant, and to show its weaknesses. The main problem of this proposals is, according to the author of this study, the bonus for the winner of electoral competition. By using the analysis of current electoral system the author tries to prove that the more important in the Czech political reality is the proportionality of electoral results than the bonus for winning political party. In the end, author presents his project to reform the current electoral system. These changes are likely to have minimal effect on the electoral behaviour of voters and political parties. This proposal modifies the number of electoral districts from current fourteen to nine (by means of combination of current small electoral districts), it also modifies the process of preferential voting (four preferential votes for each voter and variable threshold for being elected by means of preferential voting between four and five per cent, depending on electoral district magnitude) and aborts additive legal threshold for electoral coalitions. This project may produce more proportional electoral results than the...
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Comparism of Czech and British political Systems
Kadlecová, Zuzana ; Havlík, Radomír (referee) ; Stracený, Josef (advisor)
The Bachelor's Thesis deals with the theme of comparism of the political systems of the Czech Republic and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with specialization to the executive power. The thesis employs methods of description, analysis and comparism, on the basis of the study of the professional politological and constitutional literature both in Czech and English language. The thesis is devided into four main parts. The first part deals with theoretical definitor of the terms state power and its division in a legal and democratic state, term of political system and describes typology of political systém of the western democracies. The second part is opened with a short analysis of the political system of the Czech Republic and than is analysed the executive power, its elements, constitution of its organization and powers. The third part firstly focuses on a short description of the political system of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and than describes and analyses the executive power from the point of view of its elements, its powers and the constitution of its organization. The last part of the Bachelor's Thesis deals with the comparism of the political systems, the executive powers, its composition, powers of its elements and the constitution of its organization.
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System of Government in India in the period 1947-2009
Štípek, Michal ; Šušlíková, Lada (advisor) ; Strahalová, Šárka (referee)
Diploma thesis titled "System of Government in India in the period 1947-2009" presents the basic parameters of the political system of the Republic of India with specific focus on the analysis of system of government. To understand the causal relationships is outlined by the constitutional character of the executive, legislative and judicial powers, including the introduction of an important the party system and the electoral system, as two interesting factors with potential direct or indirect influence and impact on the system of government in India. This work is in the pre-defined time dimension covers the period from the profits of independence, i.e. since 1947, when India became independent from Great Britain until 2009, when the last elections held in the House of People of Indian Parliament have yielded interesting election results favorable to the Indian National Congress. The Congress has in shaping the Indian governments a vital role because the system really stands or falls with the successes and failures of the largest and secular party, which played in India since independence, the long-term primacy-led members of the Nehru-Gandhi dynasty. In the analysis presented the main factors influencing the system of government and coalition behavior, including the influence of the caste system, electoral...
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"Non-sociology": Bruno Latour's conception of modernity
Mareš, Jakub ; Šubrt, Jiří (advisor) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis called "»Non-sociology«: Bruno Latour's Conception of Modernity" is a theoretical writing concerned with description of the conception of modernity of the French sociologist, philosopher and anthropologist Bruno Latour. This description is put into broader context of Latour's work and serves as a basis for asking questions and raising challenges to the social theory, politics and ethics. Because Latour's conception of modernity isn't compatible with the idea of society as an aggregate of human actors and stresses the importance of so called nonhuman actors, special attention is devoted to Latour's interest in sciences and technologies, where these non-human actors originate. These non-human actors have significant roles and functions in sstabilization of social relations and dominance. Thus, the concepts Latour and his colleagues use to integrate nonhumans into social theory are introduced, most notably the actor-network theory. Finally, modernity is presented as a self-describing semantics, which relies on two distinct aggregates of Society and Nature without giving proper notice to the continuous and progressively growing mixing of human and nonhuman entities. An alternative, under the concept of collective, is introduced.
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The new nomenclatures motivated by the proper names of the native politicians
Děngeová, Zuzana ; Tichá, Zdeňka (referee) ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor)
The title of my bachelor's work is Ihe new nomenclatures motivated by the proper names o f the native politicians. The main goal of this work is to give a notice on the creation of some new lexical units, which are motivated by the proper names of the native personalities active in politics. The main theme of my work is the role of the proper names in the creation of the new words and a comparison of these neologisms with the fromproper nomenclatures, which are written in published explanatory dictionaries so far. On the basis of those comparisons I am seeking to prove that from-proper names creation of the new words is in Czech language productive and common word-building process. The method of my research is a specific excerption of the daily press, where I am looking for the infiltrations of the neologisms, which are word-buildingly motivated by the proper names of the native politicians, to the present language. I am analyzing these neologisms from the word-building point of view, from the semantic point of view and I am focusing also on the using productivity of the given word-building types. 1 compare my research with the proper literature and I summarize that the neo-creation from proper names is significant and high productive language phenomenon, which is enriching present language word-stock with...
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Early mediaeval stronghold of Libice nad Cidlinou and its hinterland
Mařík, Jan ; Sláma, Jiří (advisor) ; Macháček, Jiří (referee) ; Moždzioch, Slawomir (referee)
Early medieval strongholds (fortified centres) were dominating elements in early medieval society. They usually served as multi-functional centres of political power, administration, trade, cult, military organization, etc. There were many people residing in such strongholds who did not take part on agricultural production, for example the ducal family, soldiers, and craftsmen. Strongholds played an important role in the process of the formation of early medieval Czech state in the 9th and the 10th century. The early medieval centre is assumed to have been a great consumer of food (non-productive elites), human labour (construction of fortification), raw materials (wood, iron ore), etc. The needs of early medieval strongholds are usually characterised as "very large", but always without any proper context of comparison. It is impossible to understand the economy of a centre without a knowledge of its needs and capacity of its hinterland. The centre and its hinterland is one indivisible system, which has to be balanced.
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Great Depression in thirties of 20th century and its consequences for Czechoslovakia
Valenta, David ; Váňa, Daniel (advisor) ; Tajovský, Ladislav (referee)
My thesis deals with the Great Depression on the 1930's, which was one of the biggest economic disasters of last century. It follows especially the course and consequences of the crisis in Czechoslovakia. There are still many questions about this event and economists of whole world have never agreed on the only explanation, which could describe and solve all the causes and circumstances of Great Depression. In addition, there are also many views that the crisis had influence not only in economic sphere, but also had the social and political impacts. First part deals with international connections of Great Depression and searches causations of crisis in economic theory and describes the birth of Great Depression in United States. Second and third parts analyze the beginning and running of the crisis in Czechoslovakia and deal with particular sections of economy. The fourth part summaries economic and political effects of the crisis in Czechoslovakia and shows how the country faced up to depression.
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