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Mumps and its epidemiological characteristic
Ovečková, Markéta ; Fabiánová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Based on stated epidemiological information we can see that periodic mumps vaccination is a necessary part of paediatric care of present population. Nowadays, mumps vaccination is provided in more than 100 countries all over the world. Several epidemics occurred in these countries with involvement of vaccinated and non-vaccinated people since the introduction of vaccination. Very often was the most affected group the group of 19-23 old people. The main reason of current epidemics is probably the low collective immunity in group of older children because of extinction after previous vaccination. The main reason in adult group is not being immunized naturally. The import of disease from other countries influences the origin of epidemics in the Czech Republic, for example import from Poland, where the periodic vaccination started as late as in 2004. Most of young doctors have probably never met mumps in their practices, whereas their older colleagues have often forgotten heterogeneous symptoms of infection. Sometimes it is very difficult to recognize this illness in time. The primary symptoms usually experience in the first time practical doctors, dentists, otorinolaryngologists and internal-medicine doctors. Doctors of urologic and surgery specializations should not miss orchitis when the testicles...
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The effects of coumarins on the cardiovascular system
Růžičková, Alena ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Alena Růžičková Supervisor: Dr. Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: The effects of coumarins on the cardiovascular system Coumarins constitute a very large category of natural polyphenolic substances, which are composed of a benzene and a α-pyrone ring. Coumarin is the basic compound, called also 1,2-benzopyrone. Cardiovascular diseases are still the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. That is the reason why a research aimed at substances which could have positive effect on these diseases is very beneficial. It appears that coumarins seem to be promising medicaments for certain cardiovascular diseases. Besides the well-known anticoagulant effect of warfarin and its related substances have some coumarins antiplatelet, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antiedematogenic, hypolipidaemic and anitarrhythmic effects. Antiplatelet effect of coumarin is mediated by inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase, lowering of intracellular Ca2+ or by inhibition of thromboxane synthesis. Antihypertensive effects are partly linked with antioxidant activity, but also inhibition of cGMP phosphodiesterase, calcium channel blocking and increased production of prostaglandins have probably...
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Endometriosis and its influence on woman's life
Varhanová, Dana ; Voleníková, Ivana (advisor) ; Feldmár, Peter (referee)
This work is about gynecological disease, whose incidence is evergrowing, end metriosis. Endometriosis is in itself a very controversial disease, which is sign ificant intervening into life of a woman. Endometriosis is a common gynecological di sorder affecting fertile female population. It is the disease, that is presented by functional endometrial glandules and stroma outside their usuallocality within uterus (womb). General symptoms are pain and infertility. The diagnostic key is the cyclic character of symptom s and laparoscopy - histology testification presence of lesions. Tbe surgical treatment of endometriosis is considered as a golden standard of the therapy. My aim of this work is to have look up to aH sections of the disease. At the same time my work covers survey. I detected prospective abnormalities with theoretic knowledges via fonns distributed to patients with endometriosis. The fonn appraised frequen y oť symptoms in patiens. It presents the most frequent age group of disabled women as well. Fonns a1so outline dilernma of arguments about character of creation and it observes problems of indisposed women and possibility oftheir naturally gravidity. It also deals of possibilities of available therapy and its use in patients. ln no little importance my work adverts to next facts des rving next...
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Effect of hippotherapy at clients with sclerosis multiplex
Hrbasová, Hana ; Leontovyčová, Jana (advisor) ; Dvořáčková, Hana (referee)
Hipotherapy is a complex therapy, broaden and recently very sought after rehabilitation method, which is being more and more recognized by experts for its broaden scene. It is a complex therapy thanks to involving medicine, psychology, pedagogy and also a social sphere. That's why is this method indicated at many different levels of disablement. It's being used with pacients with children's cerebral palsy, diverse level of cerebral dysfunction and multiple sclerosis. And it's the therapy's effect on multiple sclerosis that this thesis paper discusses. It also applies to brain and spinal traumas, scoliosis, back pain, orthopedic defects, cardiovascular disease, degenerative muscle disease, obesity, as well as it provides help at emotional and mental aspect, e.g. children with behavioral disorders and many others. At hipotherapy is being used a three dimensional (multidimensional) horse motion. Horse's spine moves up - down, forward - backward, right - left. Imitating a mechanisms of human walking, which leads to relaxation of spasticity. Impulses are transmitted onto back which brings interaction of impeller and back muscles, stand up pose, and posture interference. All this brings a walking improvements, movements coordination, balance and consolidation of a flabby muscles. Each horse has a different nature...
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Antioxidative effects of the analogues of nucleic acid components.
Procházková, Eliška ; Mertlíková Kaiserová, Helena (advisor) ; Zusková, Iva (referee)
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) naturally occur in the organisms where they play e.g. signaling and antimicrobial roles. The imbalance between ROS production and removal results in the oxidative stress. This condition is largely considered as unfavourable leading to the oxidative damage of the biomolecules (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). The oxidative stress accompanies a number of civilization diseases and may also arise as a consequence of pharmacotherapy (side effects of some drugs). Modulation of the oxidative stress with the use of antioxidants remains a subject of intense research. The analogs of nucleic acid components represent a structurally diverse class of compounds with important pharmacological potential. While their antiviral and cytostatic activities have been described in detail, information on their potential antioxidant activity is missing. The aim of this study was to identify the antioxidant activity in a series of 126 analogs of nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases and to describe structural motives responsible for this activity. Several methodological approaches have been used to reach the goal: 1) determination of the ability of the compounds to scavenge ABTS radical in vitro (TEAC), 2) the influence of the compounds on lipid peroxidation and 3) their ability to...
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Phosphates containing food and their implications for osteoporosis
Šobáň, Jan ; Rambousková, Jolana (advisor) ; Černá, Milena (referee)
Phosphates containing food and their implications for osteoporosis Phosphates are salts of phosphoric acid resulting from the secession of three acidic hydrogen from it. Phosphates are found in natural foods such as nuts, legumes, cereals, meat and offal. Phosphorus is also being added to foods industrially for its' various chemical properties. From more than 1 500 "E's" I found 16 that contain phosphates and thus significantly increase the supply of phosphorus in the body. Usual daily intake of phosphorus is about 1 g. Increased intake of phosphorus forms an acidic environment in the kidney and calcium phosphate complexes, and thus leads to calcium removing from the body and bone demineralization. "E's" containing phosphates are frequently found in meat products, processed cheese, confectionery, bakery products, cola beverages, frozen and instant foods. Most commonly used additive is E-338 phosphoric acid. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by a small amount of bone mass and de- terioration of bone micro-architecture resulting in increased fragility and fracture risk. The Czech Republic declares to have 600 000 patients treated for osteoporosis.
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Characterization of recombinant human serine racemase
Hoffman, Hillary Elizabeth ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Křen, Vladimír (referee) ; Čeřovská, Noemi (referee)
6 Brief Abstract The pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme serine racemase (SR) is responsible for the biosynthesis of D-serine in the mammalian central nervous system. D-serine acts as a neurotransmitter and coagonist, together with L-glutamate, of ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Excitotoxic D-serine levels have been implicated in neuropathologies including Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. SR inhibitors offer a novel and potentially highly specific approach for attenuation of NMDAR-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity and for further study of the pathway. Many of the SR inhibitors described to date are small, naturally occurring compounds, and novel structures capable of influencing SR's activity are highly sought after. Moreover, structural information about this enigmatic enzyme is lacking, and suitable animal models need to be identified for inhibitor studies. This thesis presents the first published biochemical comparison of mouse and human SR orthologs, validating, at least in part, the use of mouse models in SR research. Additionally, hydroxamic acids are introduced as a novel class of SR inhibitors. While the experimentally determined structure of a mammalian SR remains elusive, random and site-directed mutagenesis experiments in combination with multiple...
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The Study of Receptor-specific Radiopharmaceuticals Interactions with Biological Systems at the Cellular Level
Bárta, Pavel ; Lázníček, Milan (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee) ; Štětina, Rudolf (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Mgr. Pavel Bárta Supervisor Prof. PharmDr. Ing Milan Lázníček, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis The study of receptor-specific radiopharmaceuticals interactions with biological systems at the cellular level The targeting of receptor specific peptides or antibodies is one important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the fight against cancer diseases. Receptor specific peptides often have their origin from the human natural peptide hormones; hence they are commonly marked as peptide analogues. The peptide analogues contain in their amino acids sequence the binding site identical with the site of natural peptides, which they are originated from. This binding site is responsible for the interaction with the targeted receptor. The peptide analogues are employed instead of the natural peptides because their biological properties can be improved, for example facilitating distribution in the organism to their place of action, or protection from biological degradation. The peptide ligand binding itself on targeted receptors and its internalization into cells typically does not trigger a therapeutic effect. From this reason, peptide analogues carry active substances like cytotoxine or...
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Does Russia suffer from Dutch disease?
Zanikov, Konstantin ; Babin, Jan (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determine, whether we can detect symptoms of the so-called Dutch disease in the case of Russia. The Dutch disease is a concept, which tries to explain why countries possessing vast amounts of natural resources register relatively slower rates of economic growth -- a phenomenon known as the paradox of plenty. The Dutch disease is present in the economy in the form of the following symptoms: the real appreciation of the exchange rate, the growth of a non-traded economic sector, the growth of real wages and the decline of the manufacturing sector. In the case of Russia I can confirm the absolute presence of the first two and the partial presence of the third one. In the section concerning econometrics I constructed a model, which describes and analyzes the Russian real effective exchange rate. The prices of oil, the reserves of the central bank and the Balassa-Samuelson effect were proven to be significant. From the perspective of the country's de-industrialization, however, we cannot claim, that Russia "suffers" from Dutch disease.
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