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Translation reinitiation mechanism on mRNA of trascriptional activator GCN4.
Vlčková, Vladislava ; Valášek, Leoš (advisor) ; Strachotová, Dita (referee)
Translation reinitiation is a gene-specific translational control mechanism exploiting the ability of some short upstream open reading frames (uORFs) to retain post-termination 40S ribosomal subunit on the mRNA. Reinitiation efficiency depends on cis-acting sequences surrounding the uORF, translation elongation rates on the uORF, selected initiation factors, and the intercistronic distance of the short uORF from the main ORF. Although the precise mechanism of reinitiation is still not known, great progress in elucidating some of its details has been recently made with help of the GCN4 translational control model system. Among them, involvement of eIF3 was shown to play a critical role for efficiency of this process. In particular, it was proposed that eIF3 specifically interacts with sequences located upstream of a reinitiation-permissive uORF upon termination, and that this step is instrumental in stabilizing the 40S ribosomal subunit on the mRNA to allow subsequent resumption of scanning for reinitiation downstream. In this thesis, the current knowledge of the translation reinitiation mechanism is summarized. As a typical example, the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 has been chosen, the mRNA of which is subjected to a tight translational control via the very reinitiation mechanism.
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Polymorphism of STR loci on the X chromosome and its usage in forensic genetics.
Kotrčová, Eva ; Čapek, Pavel (advisor) ; Zachová, Markéta (referee)
Personal or kinship identification by STR (short tandem repeat) loci is currently a routinely used method, not only in forensic practise. Autosomal STRs are usually analyzed, Y chromosome also being popular because of his great importance (especially in genealogy) due to his recombination incapability. The X chromosome has been used least frequently in these respect, even though in specific cases, it might be more descriptive than autosomal loci. The purpose of this work is to provide a basic overview of the STR sequences and methods that are commonly used to analyze microsatellites, with emphasis on their specific behavior (if located on the X chromosome) and the subsequent possibilities of using these specifities especially in forensic genetics.
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Reflection in period newspapers of Czech directors of the sixties in the time of their return after the enforced work break
Jílková, Alžběta ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Novotný, David Jan (referee)
The thesis finds out the manner and the range of reviewing comeback of directors and their new films after enforced work break during the Czechoslovak normalization. For the purpose of the research were chosen articles published in 4 daily newspapers, concerning Rudé právo, Mladá fronta, Lidová demokracie a Zemědělské noviny, and 3 special film periodicals Záběr, Kino and Film a doba. These periodicals were examined in period from 1974 to 1979, in the period of comeback of all chosen directors, starting with Věra Chytilová, Jiří Menzel, Hynek Bočan and ending with Juraj Jakubisko and František Vláčil. These daily newspapers occasionally publish the critics, by contrast the film periodicals review Czech and Slovak films very often wit reportages, critics, interview or short reporting. The evaluation of directors and their films depended on several aspects: first of all on the behavior of directors and attitude to socialistic state and politics, on the author of literature artwork (in case of novels for example), on characteristic of socialistic society presented by films and also on the author of certain critic. The best evaluation gets Menzel's film which was talking about socialistic workers and Vláčil's film, an adaptation of national socialistic writer Bohumil Říha's novel. The smallest review gets...
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Psychosocial Aspects of Huntington's Disease
Uhrová, Tereza ; Roth, Jan (advisor) ; Zvolský, Petr (referee) ; Benetin, Ján (referee)
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neuro-psychiatric disease with usual onset in the middle age. The mutation, located on the short shoulder of chromosome 4, is an expansion of a nucleotide triplet, containing cytosine, adenine, guanine (CAG), with critical limit of 40+ repetitions. The principal symptoms include motor symptoms (chorea, dystonia, disorders of voluntary movements), progressive cognitive deterioration and neuropsychiatric symptoms (behaviour disorders, affective symptoms and so on). The clinical diagnosis is confirmed by a genetic test, which may also be carried out presymptomatically in offsprings of the diseased person. The objective of the 1st study consisted in the characterization of differences in psychiatric examination and neuropsychological testing among the people at risk (PAR), in whom it was recommended to delay the test, and people at risk, who were recommended to continue in the so-called predictive protocol. The total of 52 people have been examined (32 females, 20 males). In addition to the common psychiatric examination we have also administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-A), self-rating scale of general psychopathology (SCL- 90), three short cognitive tests - Trail making test, test of Verbal fluency and...
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Entrainment of the circadian system in rodents
Sosniyenko, Serhiy ; Sumová, Alena (advisor) ; Mareš, Jan (referee) ; Šauman, Ivo (referee)
The circadian clock located within the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus responds to changes in the duration of day length, i.e. photoperiod, differently in the separate SCN parts. The aim of the study was i) to compare the effect of a long and a short photoperiod with twilight relative to that with rectangular light-to-dark transition on the daily profiles of clock gene expression and their protein levels within the rostral, middle and caudal regions of the mouse SCN; ii) to elucidate the dynamics of adjustment to a change of a long photoperiod to a short photoperiod of clock gene expression rhythms in the mouse SCN and in the peripheral clock in the liver, as well as of the locomotor activity rhythm; iii) to elucidate whether and how swiftly the immature rat fetal and neonatal molecular SCN clocks can be reset by maternal cues and iv) to reveal when and where within the rat SCN the photic sensitivity of clock gene expression develops during the early postnatal ontogenesis and to compare it with development of cfos photoinduction. Mice and rats were used for experiments; their tissues were analyzed by in situ hynridization, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR. The data indicated that i) the twilight photoperiod provides stronger synchronization among the individual SCN cell subpopulations than the...
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Walking dysfunction in multiple sclerosis
Doležalová, Vendula ; Řasová, Kamila (advisor) ; Zimová, Denisa (referee)
In this study, we tried to find out what information we will get through the walk tests, if the walk tests provide different information for people with varying severity of the disease. From July to August 2009, patients with multiple sclerosis passed a cerebrospinal investigation carried out by two trained students from the 3rd Medical Faculty of Charles University. The whole study conducted in collaboration with MS Center Neurological Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Královské Vinohrady. The results were evaluated in MS Excel with a help of functions descriptive statistics and CORREL. Overall it was demonstrated that short walk tests (Up and Go, 25 feet, 10 m fast, 10 m slowly) better reflect the impact of the muscle strength, fatigue and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Between the 6-minute test and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) was also demonstrated relatively high value of dependence.
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Comparation of frost hummocks in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. and Iceland.
Vejrostová, Monika ; Křížek, Marek (advisor) ; Treml, Václav (referee)
This paper is focused on comparation of frost hummocks in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. and in the Mosfellsheiði area in Iceland in terms of their external and internal characteristics as well as their thermal characteristics. Field work in Mosfellsheiði provided height, length, and width data of more than 120 frost hummocks which were analyzed and compared to frost hummocks in Keprník and Tabulové skály location in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. Soil samples from frost hummocks were taken to determine frost susceptibility of soils. Based on ground temperature measurements at depth of 15 and 30 cm in the frost hummocks in Iceland and the Hrubý Jeseník Mts., freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. The results show that frost hummocks in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. are larger but less domed-shaped than those in Mosfellsheiði. Further, soils in frost hummocks are frost susceptible. The highest numbers of freeze-thaw cycles were identified in Iceland. It was also found out that freeze-thaw processes occurred in the frost hummocks in Tabulové skály but in Keprník location were very few freeze-thaw cycles observed. Short term freeze-thaw cycles at the end of regelation seasons mostly show diurnial frequency. At the 30 cm depths only one or two regelations were observed during a single season. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Financing of non-profit organizations in the sport´s area - under specific conditions of the sports club TJ Sokol Dolni Pocernice
Henčl, Jiří ; Takáčová, Hana (advisor) ; Nováková, Štěpánka (referee)
This thesis deals with problems of the non-profit organizations in the field of sports, especially with the civil associations. Main aim of the thesis is to present possibilities of the financial sources which would provide for exercising the sport activities. Another objective is to prove that the sport organizations cannot get along without the public support. The theoretical part focuses on the brief characteristics of particular forms of the non profit organizations and closer considers possibilities of financing the civil associations in the sport area. The applied part targets the concrete civil associations which act in the field of sports. Right after the short characteristics is the main focus given to the financial sources which function is to secure the organization's activity. At the conclusion there is undertaken the analysis of its economy during four years.
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Comparison of swimming training a short triathlon and modern pentathlon
Svoboda, Tomáš ; Kovářová, Lenka (referee) ; Horčic, Josef (advisor)
NAME AND SURNAME: Tomáš Svoboda STUDY: Physical Education and Sport SUPERVISOR: PaedDr. Josef Horčic, Ph.D. Title: Comparison of swimming training in a short triathlon and modern pentathlon Objective: The main objective of this work is to obtain a description of swimming training selected senior representatives of Czech Republic in the modern pentathlon and triathlon, and then describe the differences resulting from the comparison of these sports. Methods: First we get the necessary data based on personal interwiews about swimming training with the representatives of modern pentathlon and triathlon. The main method of qualitative research in this thesis will use case studies to follow a holistic analysis of all data. Comparing the results and describe possible differences between the all around. Results: The results of the work are the descriptions of individual athlete swimming training and integration within a combined training. Based on this description there are some areas of training among the triathlon and modern pentathlon as a distinct and appears suitable for detailed examination. Keywords: swimming training, description, multisport, modern pentathlon, triathlon.
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Roman imperial central plan buildings as a free standing architecture
Mikulka, Petr ; Bouzek, Jan (referee) ; Ondřejová, Iva (advisor)
To the basic structural components of centrally planed buildings in the Roman imperial architecture belongs the pronaos or vestibule, the intermediate block, the mantle and the dome of the cella. Occasionally represented is the external portico. The specific feature of the rotunda - mausoleum type is the crypt located within the podium. The exact form of the pronaos at most of the buildings remains uncertain. Commonly anticipated is a temple facade with a fastigium or pediment carried on columns. The later edifices may have a Syrian fronton (Diocletian's mausoleum) or an arcade front (Tor de'Schiavi). The vestibul on the other hand was a closed hall of a square (Sant'Aquilino), but more often rectangular plan. With one exception (Mausoleum of Helena), all of the vestibules have semicircular apses on the short ends. Its primary function consists in integrating the rotunda with another structure. The conception of a central-plan building with an external portico can be related to the small circular peripteral temples, well known from both, the Hellenistic and the late republican Roman architecture ("Tempio di Portunno", Gallienus 'mausoleum, Constantina's mausoleum).The crypt is solely associated with the rotunda - mausoleum type and its form is not standardized but varies from an "H" shaped plan (Gallienus'...
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