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Inductive logic and the Vienna circle
Mach, Štěpán ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Childers, Tim (referee)
The subject of this work is inductive logic as a connection of two concepts - probability and induction - which was developed by members of the Vienna Circle and their colleagues. After historical introduction the concepts of induction and probability, two main conceptions of inductive logic are presented: Hans Reichenbach's conception based on the frequency interpretation of probability and Rudolf Carnap's conception based on the logical interpretation. Karl Popper criticism of this conceptions and his own conception of corroboration is also discussed.
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Josip Murn Aleksandrov
Nachlingerová, Zuzana ; Nedvědová, Milada (referee) ; Jensterle Doležal, Alenka (advisor)
Josip Murn is an slovenian poet, living 1879-1901. The poetry of Murn is mostly known as impressionistic, somethimes also designated as symbolistic, however, he is regarded as a full member of slovenian modernism now. The work concentrated on interpretation of Murn's poems. There are five main topics in Murn's poetic world, which are researched- these are: time, nature, space, God and love. There is also a special chapter dealing with a lyrical subject of the poetry and a chapter representing impressionism of his poetry. Two chapters consider the historical period and poet's life. The life influenced the work, regarding many tragic facts. Murn himself did not feel like a full member of any literate motion, but he was the one, who adopted new rules of free verse. Only one book of Murn was published after his death at the age of twenty two.
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Egon Brunswik and contemporary psychology (from probabilistic functionalism to judgement under uncertainty)
Salih, Osman ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor)
This thesis is about the influence of the theory and thoughts of Egon Brunswik (1903- 1955) in contemporary psychology. The introduction of this work is important for a deliberation of his central ideas as they apply to probability in the history of man. By looking at this background, we can obtain a deeper understanding of the criticism of modern theories of judgment under uncertainty proposed by Kahneman and Tversky created by Brunswikian followers. The proposal of representative research design, the formation of the lens model, and the notion of ecological validity of cues and vicarious functioning are Brunswik's biggest contributions in psychology. With regard to the origin of this thesis, I was delighted to find information about the attempt to replicate Brunswik's experiments with perceptual constancy by a member of the Prague Psychology Department, Jaromir Kasparek, PhD, in the 1950's. Brunswik was a real inspiration for a number of contemporary psychological and other theories, from Hammond's theory of social judgment and the theory of cognitive continuum to Funder's innovative approach in personality judgment and the theory of probabilistic mental models and fast and frugal heuristics of G. Gigerenzer and the multiple cue learning theory.
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The thinking of picture
Řebíková, Barbora ; Kouba, Pavel (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor)
The text tries to study the classical theory of mimésis, that contains motives which has influenced our understanding of the reality (image) up to today. The attention is paid to the classical determination of mimésis in the Plato's and Aristotle's work. The work attempts to study besides the classical form of the theory also the transformation in modern philosophical environment. At first it studies the change in definition, the determination of minésis as a projection and representation. It points to the variable accent similarities in the studied theory. Then the work analyses the idea positions of Nelson Goodman, who wholly denies the role of similarity for determination of the art theory as a imitation and he builds the realism on totally different base. There are two models of vision described at the conclusion of the work that correspond with the proposed determination of menésis. The work is the base of the reality (image) mind, that could continue with studying of the contemporary art from the theory point of view.
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The life quality at family members of clients with drug addiction depending on their sex
ŠVANCAROVÁ, Alena
The National Strategy for Antidrug Policy for the period 2005 to 2009 is a key document nowadays. Situation in the field of drugs remains stable. Cannabis products and ecstasy are illegal substances used in most cases. Two basic appliances {--} questionnaires and interviews {--} were used in the research of this bachelor thesis. The investigated complex comprised 37 parents and 22 siblings. The sample was determined with random selection. The aim of the research was to define the period of the worst stress at family members of clients with drug addiction. Just the discovery of a family member{\crq}s drug addiction was indicated the worst stress period. Changed appearance, telling lies and change of friends were described as the main indication leading to the conclusion of a family member{\crq}s addiction. Depending on the discovery of problems with drugs the family contentment is changing considerably. It turned out that men solve their family situations connected with drug addiction of a member in a completely passive way. That is why there is a very bad cooperation with curative institutions. The research shows that respondents-siblings were informed on their sibling{\crq}s addiction much earlier than their parents.
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The role of Chamber of Commerce in Austrian Exports
Koráb, Jan ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Laschoberová, Libuše (referee)
Austria, a small Central European economy belongs to the winners of globalization. Its involvement in world's international trade has been remarkable and is generally seen as one of the crucial factors of its GDP growth. Austrian exporters have become an example of efficiency for all the other in-county industries, as well as a proud of leading politicians. The Austrian Chamber of Commerce is self-managed and led by its members, not only big, but in over 90 %, small and medium size enterprises. Internationalization and the support of barrier free international trade belong among its most important goals. Therefore the Chamber of Commerce founded its International Trade Branch, which has a network of 108 offices worldwide and aims to be the world's biggest organization of a kind. This network supports Austrian entrepreneurs in developing their international business activities.
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The knights Kaplíř of Sulevice on the treshold of the early modern age
Kozojed, Petr ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee) ; Bobková, Lenka (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the history of the the family of knights Kaplíř of Sulevice. It covers a period from the first reference to this family before the half of the 14th century until the death of the last male member in the lineage at the beginning of the 18th century. The family Kaplíř of Sulevice belongs among significant members of the estate of Czech knights. In the course of the 14th and at the beginning of the 15th century the members of the family built up their property structure and that time there were 5 descents formed: descent of Sulevice, descent of Ostrý, descent of Solany, descent of Skalka-Řehlovice and descent of Vimperk. Thanks to the Hussite period the knights of Sulevice, the men of great enterprise, succeeded in penetrating more significantly even beyond boundaries of their own estates. The half of the 15th century was marked with certain stagnation (except the descent of Vimperk) which, on the contrary, was in their prime.
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Úverové riziko a hospodársky cyklus
Kulhányová, Petra ; Kovářík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Heřmanský, Pavel (referee)
Fungovanie ekonomiky a peňažný systém sú dva prejavy jednej veci. Vznik a zánik peňazí sa deje v bankovom systéme prostredníctvom poskytovania a splácania úveru, čo je základom teórie endogénnych peňazí. V tejto bakalárskej práci je tak najrpv vymedzená základá myšlienka, že peniaze sú úverom a ničím iným len úverom. Ďalej sa prevažne zaoberá problematikou úverového rizika. Bankový sektor na celom svete čelí rastúcej potrebe uskutočniť moderné praktiky v oblasti riadenia úverového rizika. Bankovníctvo bolo už navyše dlho považované za procyklickú záležitosť a na tieto aspekty a na vzťah úverového rizika a hospodárskeho cyklu je bližšie poukázané i v tejto práci. Základy týchto rizík sú blízko spojené s hospodárskymi cyklami a zdravie banky súvisí s ekonomickými podmienkami, pod ktorými banka funguje. Ťažkostiam, ktorým musia banky a ich poradcovia čeliť je presné určovanie ako sa úroveň úverového rizika mení s vyvíjajúcim sa makroekonomickým stavom. Vývoje vo finančnom systéme môžu zosilniť kolísanie makroekonomických ukazovateľov a podložiť základ rozsiahlej finančnej nestability.
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CEZ's affair from the point of view of Czech and Bulgarian press
Kraevská, Markéta ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Hanzal, Jaromír (referee)
The diploma thesis The CEZ affair from the perspective of the Czech and Bulgarian press deals with the media portrayal of the unrests in Bulgaria in February and March 2013, which were caused by the high prices for electricity that had been supplied, among others, by the parastatal Czech company CEZ. This company became a symbol of the protests. The basis for the analysis and comparison consists of the Czech dailies Mladá fronta Dnes, Právo, Hospodářské noviny and the Bulgarian dailies Trud, 24 chasa and Standart. The reference period is February 2013, when the protests began and subsequently culminated at the end of the month. This work aims to describe how the whole affair was depicted in selected examples of Czech and Bulgarian press. Subsequently, these two approaches are compared. In addition to the analysis, the thesis also touches the topic of modern history of Bulgaria and an outline of Czech-Bulgarian relations. The individual periodicals used for the analysis, as well as the energetical concept of Bulgaria are introduced in order to achieve easier understanding of the entire problem.
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Analysis of novel members of FAHFA lipid class derived from omega 3-PUFA by LC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS/MS
Rombaldová, Martina ; Kuda, Ondřej ; Březinová, Marie ; Slavíková, Barbora ; Pošta, Martin ; Beier, Petr ; Janovská, Petra ; Veleba, J. ; Kopecký Jr., J. ; Kudová, Eva ; Pelikánová, T. ; Kopecký, Jan
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a complex organ with both metabolic and endocrine functions. Dysregulation of all of these functions of WAT, together with low-grade inflammation of the tissue in obesity, contributes to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of marine origin play an important role in resolution of inflammation and exert beneficial metabolic effects. Using LC-MS/MS method, we elucidated the structures of novel members of fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA), which were present in murine and human serum and WAT after omega-3 PUFA supplementation in diet. These compounds contained DHA esterified to 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HLA) termed 9-DHAHLA and 13-DHAHLA, and were synthesized in WAT. Our results document the existence of novel lipid mediators, which are involved in the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects attributed toomega-3 PUFA, in both miceandhumans.
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