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DNA replication and chromatin: From 3D to function
Ligasová, Anna ; Koberna, Karel (advisor) ; Cmarko, Dušan (referee) ; Nedvídek, Josef (referee)
We characterized the spatio-temporal organization of replication sites. In agreement with the previous studies, five different replication patterns were observed during the S phase in HeLa cells at the level of light microscopy. Using the electron microscopy approach, we observed the close association of numerous silver grains at many sites in the early S phase. The labeled sites had discrete sizes in terms of both area and diameter. Moreover, the much larger heterochromatin domains that replicate in the late S phase, and to a lesser extent in the mid S phase, were actually composed of closely-associated, labeled RS with virtually identical diameters and areas as the early-S-labeled RS. The replication sites labeled in the early S phase were maintained as similarly labeled clusters of colloidal gold particles later in the S phase and in the next cell generation. The number of replication sites was similar in the early- and mid-S-phase cells with a slight decrease in the late S phase. The electron microscopy tomography revealed that most of the observed replication sites corresponded to individual replicons. We found that the replisomes operate as tightly-associated couples during replication. Our results concern only human HeLa cells, but considering that the findings on prokaryotic cells and budding yeast...
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Effects of cholesterol on the dynamic behavior of muskarinic acetylcholine receptor in the cell plasma membran.
Michal, Pavel ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
- EN The muscarinic acetylcholine M2 receptor that was originally identified as the predominant muscarinic receptor subtype in the heart is also widely distributed in the central nervous system. Its signal transduction is effected by both the βγ dimer of heterotrimeric G-protein that activates potassium or inhibits calcium conductance and the αi subunit that preferentially inhibits cAMP synthesis. However, M2 muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO cells (CHO-M2) directly activate signalling pathways of all three major subclasses of G-proteins, i.e. preferred Gi/o subclass and at concentrations higher than needed for standard inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP synthesis also Gs and Gq/11 subclasses to cause stimulation of cAMP synthesis and accumulation of inositolphosphates (IP), respectively . In the present experiments we investigated influence of membrane cholesterol content on activation of signalling pathways of these three G-protein subclasses in CHO-M2 cells by carbachol, a non-hydrolysable acetylcholine analogue. Treatment of cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin decreased cell and membrane cholesterol content by 74% and 39%, respectively, and incubation in the presence of cholesterol-saturated methyl-β- cyclodextrin increased cholesterol content by 169% and 137%, respectively . Cholesterol...
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Planning and Analysis swimmers training in the basic stage
Willner, Jiří ; Chrzanowská, Babeta (advisor) ; Horčic, Josef (referee)
Title: Planning and Analysis swimmers training in the basic stage Objectives: The aim of the study was to experimentally applied training plan for swimmers in the basic stage of sports training. At the same time through achieved performance at selected competitions verify the effectiveness and validity of the implemented plan. Methods: In this work we used the method of experimental applications training plan. The method of indirect observation of the diagnostic techniques in swimming flume. The method of direct observation techniques for the implementation of training. Furthermore, for the diagnosis of swimming techniques was designed and used tables for qualitative analysis of swimming styles. Comparison method were compared to selected indicators of general training and the achieved performance swimmers. And lastly, was also used the method Conconi test for the detection of physiological parameters in stress tests. Results: We found that the training program was effective. Has improved the technical level swimmers and achieved performance improvement in swimming competitions. The test subjects were also monitored parameters VO2 max. In during the training plan was found at one swimmer improvement, and at the second swimmer decrease. Keywords: swimming training, basic stage training, swimming technique,...
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Globální firma a EU: Dopad ekonomické politky EU na podnikání
Vrabec, Michal ; Urban, Luděk (advisor) ; Czesaný, Slavoj (referee)
This master thesis tests the statement whether the EU Economic Policy related to the Internal Market Project decreases the costs of doing business or not. We tested the conducting of business of Global Company in seven various regions (Visegrad Countries, Baltic, East Balkan Countries, Croatia, Russia, Ukraine and Turkey). We framed the research period into 2011 and focused on four major Research Fields (Transportation, Cross-border Trading, Consumer Protection and Financial Regulation). Based on the cost impact analysis we could confirm that Internal Market Project decreases the costs of doing business.
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Oxidative stress, microinflammation and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease
Hodková, Magdalena ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Průša, Richard (referee) ; Racek, Jaroslav (referee)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at a significantly higher risk of atherosclerotic complications when compared to the general population. Oxidative stress and the related chronic microinflammation are possible causes of this increased cardiovascular risk, which is most pronounced in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis (HD) treatment. Oxidative stress in HD patients can be further increased by routine pharmacological interventions (especially by intravenous - i.v. iron preparations administration). The aim of the thesis was to investigate neutrophil respiratory burst and some molecules related to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation - pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPPA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C-reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin during HD session and to find out whether they can be pharmacologically affected by i.v. ferric sodium-gluconate and oral vitamin E administration. We focused on studying PAPP-A in chronic renal disease (CKD) patients, patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and chronic HD patients. We have observed that HD patients' neutrophils are primed to generate greater quantities of superoxide than those of healthy controls. This production decreases during HD and...
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The methods of regulation the Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. on arable land
KOCEK, Václav
Weed infestation of the arable land by persistent weeds is serious problem today. Very dangerous species occuring in all crops, not just only on the arable land, is "Elytrigia repens". It's spread is connected with decrease the level of tillage and with reduction of agrotechnical measures. The target of my thesis is to broadening of knowledges and to suggest other possible solutions of regulation of the occurrence of "Elytrigia repens". SO we did an herbicidal attempt at "Triticum aestivum", which was focused on chemical regulation of this weed. There were used three herbicidal products in different variants. Using of herbicidal products reduces the occurrence of weed species.
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Influence of contraceptives and hormonal substitution therapy on the receptors of sex steroid hormones
Krasulová, Hana ; Tošner, Jindřich (referee) ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis deals with questions about levels of estrogen and progesteron receptors (ER and PR) in normal breast tissue and in tumorous tissue and explains their changes. The aim of our effort was to find the publications which deal with possibilities of false positivity or negativity in a breast cancer and clarify the time period after which we can expect relevant results of the receptor levels after contraception therapy or hormonal substitution therapy and which concentration of hormones we can expect in serum. First we listed contraception therapy and hormonal therapy. We focused on physiological concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in serum and their potential affection by contraception and hormonal substitution therapy. We found that most of contraceptives contain now such dose of ethinylestradiol to reach such concentration in the serum which are nearly physiological. In postmenopauzal women the estradiol levels decreases in comparison with premenopausal women. The doses of ethinylestradiol during substitution therapy are essentially higher than during contraception therapy. Subsequently we searched for the releationship between levels of ER and PR and their potential affection by contraception or hormonal substituonal therapy. As the Czech literature does not include this questions -...
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Clinic for infectious diseases
Dvořáková, Tereza ; Peterka, Tomáš (referee) ; Müller, Jan (advisor)
In this thesis, we address the petition of new infectious clinic at the documentation for construction. Location the building is designed in the northern outskirts of Šumperk. The building is an irregular shape with 3 storeys with 1 basement. Developed building area is 1180,08 m2. The building is a movement divided into three parts, and to: object A- communication area for meals, object B- children's department, object C- building department for adults. The supporting structure is made of masonry materials. Ventilated facade to the building is from the outside, lined with stone lining- slate / wood lining- Siberian larch. Draft internal layout reflects the requirements of standards for hospital then submitted demands to avoid danger to persons health due to the occurrence of infectious diseases. The thesis also includes two special projects: Design of reinforced concrete slabs petition air conditioning. Projects are handled over selected parts of the Clinic of Infectious Diseases.
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Species pool size and realized species richness affect productivity differently: A modeling study
RYCHTECKÁ, Terezie
Current and expected decline in biodiversity have motivated a number of experiments studying how biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning. The positive relationship is usually found in experiments where species pool is manipulated; the relationship between productivity and realized species richness does not show any single trend. We constructed a simple competition model for a plant community based on the classical LotkaVolterra equations, with randomly generated parameters. We varied the species pool size and intensity of competition (range of competition coefficients). Then, we compared two measures of diversity used as predictors of productivity: (1) the size of the species pool and (2) the realized species richness, i.e. the number of species that remained in the system after competitive exclusion. Simulation results showed that productivity was always positively affected by the size of the species pool. With increasing species pool, both the selection effect and complementarity increase. The relationship between realized species richness and productivity was extremely weak within a set of simulations with a fixed species pool (i.e.where the diversity gradient was caused only by differences in the randomly generated parameters). The relationship between realized species richness and productivity was slightly positive for small species pool sizes and slightly negative for larger species pools. A species with high carrying capacity within the generated set of species usually decreases the chance of other species to survive but increases the productivity of the mixture, leading to negative diversity productivity relationship. On the contrary, presence of highly complementary species (i.e. species with low mutual competition coefficients) increases both, the realized species richness and productivity, leading to positive diversity productivity relationship. These two effects mostly counterbalance each other. These trends are not affected by the competition intensity.
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