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Antioxidant, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effect of fruits, vegetables and mushrooms in vitro
Doskočil, Ivo ; Havlík, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Orsák, Matyáš (referee)
Recently there has been an increasing interest in discovering of new species of plants and mushrooms which have antioxidant or anti proliferative activity. The interest is caused by the fact that these species have medicinal and food utilization. These properties of plants and mushrooms can be used when dealing with many diseases which may be connected with oxidative stress (inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and tumour disease, etc.).
The thesis propounds characteristics of in vitro antioxidant and anti proliferative activity of 19 types of juices and 28 methanol extracts of fruits and vegetables, which are common parts of a diet. In the thesis there are also characteristics of 13 ethanol extracts of edible mushrooms of the order of Polypore (Popyporales). Antioxidant activity was quantifie by 2, 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT (3 (4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Immunomodulatory activity was determined by an assay of phagocytic activity of human neutrophil granulocytes. Further a total phenolic content (TPC) and total beta glucan content were investigated; these are considered to be the potentially active constituents participating in mentioned activities.
From the obtained results it is evident that juices (TPC = 1603.2 mg GAE/L; ORAC = 438.5 umol TE/g)
and a bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit extract (ORAC 836.6 umol TE/g; DPPH = 404.6 umol TE/g) showed
the highest antioxidant activity of all tested samples of fruits and vegetables. Capsicum (Capsicum L.)
juices (TPC = 642.1 mg GAE/L; ORAC = 127.9 umol TE/g) and a radish (Raphanus sativus L.) extract
(ORAC 724.5 umol TE/g; DPPH = 52.2 umol TE/g) also proved to have the high values of antioxidant activity. From the tested fruits and vegetables the following inhibited to produce a nitric oxide: onion (Allium cepa L) juices (lowered the NO production by 57%), tangerine juices (Citrus reticulata Blanco)(by 52%), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis italic) extract (by 21%), and orange (Citrus sinensis Pers.) extract (by 10%). Concerning edible
mushrooms, Lentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. (TPC = 216.2 umol GAE/g of extract), Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Kras (TPC = 257.9 umol GAE/g of extract), and Royoporus badius (Pers.) A.B. De (TPC = 257.8 umol GAE/g of extract) presented the highest phenolic content. Sparassis crispa (Wulfen) Fr. (117.4 mg/g of extract) had the highest content of beta glucan. Substantial effect on phagocytic activity of granulocytes was noticed in connection with Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns, Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr., and S. crispa. In connection with the latter of mentioned mushrooms, a moderate inhibitory effect towards HT 29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line
(IC50 = 107 ug/ml of extract) was noticed.
The results indicate that the tested plants and mushrooms can be beneficial when reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress. The oxidative stress has been recognized as a contributing factor to a whole range of diseases and the reduction of the oxidative stress may lead to the decrease in the possibility of the diseases´ progression. The results show the possible favourable effects on the human health. When evaluating the results, the following fact should be taken into consideration; the in vitro tests and screenings are considered to be the first phase of systematic research of the effects and serve for the choice of respondents for further detailed studies.
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Risks of order processing in company
Bartoňková, Lucie ; Gargulák, Tomáš (referee) ; Milichovský, František (advisor)
This thesis is dealing with the issue of risk management during order processing in manufacturing company, which is focused on textile production. Introduction of thesis is presenting theroretical basis. Practical part of the thesis is dealing with company introduction organizational structure of the body, product range, order progressing, OSH policy and environmental policy. Tools chosen for risk assessment techniques - analysis of the causes and consequences (Ishikawa diagram), analysis of possible errors and their consequences (FMEA) and the Pareto chart. The thesis aims to analyze the risks and for the most significant risks to process proposals for their elimination.
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Černý, David ; Malaťák, Jan (advisor) ; Mašek, Jiří (referee)
Organic wastes represent available replacement for crops grown specifically for biofuel production. However, the combustion of solid biofuels is often accompanied by technical problems. Biofuels made of organic wastes require the source of which do not contain hazardous substances that could be their combustion in simple combustion sources came into the atmosphere as emissions.
This thesis is focused on the assessment of technical and operational parameters of small combustion plants while burning biofuels and also of the measurement of emission concentrations of CO and NOX in the flue gas and its subsequent analysis. Samples were selected as solid fuel in the form of a lump, briquettes and pellets made from advanced materials. Incineration was realized in the fireplace with a grate furnace and automatic stove.
The bark briquettes could appears to be a suitable substitution for coal or wooden briquettes, and during combustion in grate emission concentrations of CO were achieved with a value of 560.8 +/- 98.9 mg.m-3,on the contrary NOX levels were relatively high
1 193.6 +/- 141.7 mg.m-3. In case of this work, when using the furnace the briquettes were made from compost , whose emission levels are higher: CO 1 487.8 +/- 418.8 mg.m-3, NOx levels were somewhat lower 330.8 +/- 26.3 mg.m-3 than the briquettes bark.
An experimental sample of sewage sludge, which has been modified by hydrothermal carbonisation, was burned on the grate furnace and the measured emission levels for CO
1 493.3 +/- 237.3 mg.m-3 and NOX levels 544.8 +/- 20.2 mg.m-3, positive because it was achieved the rated output of the combustion equipment and the heat of combustion of the sample is very low 12.61 MJ.kg-1.
The most efficient combustion of 80.8 +/- 2,7 % was achieved using automatic stove, during burning waste wood pellets certificate ENplus A1, the very low levels of emission and a very low emission levels for CO with a value of 117.5 +/- 14.4 mg.m-3 and values NOX
110.3 +/- 2.9 mg.m-3 were measured. Following experiments on this device were intended to increase the efficiency of a combustion plant by installing a hot-air heat exchanger and preheating combustion air. Method with preheating combustion air caused an increase in the emission concentration of CO.
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The effectiveness of welding on furnace structures.
Rousová, Michaela ; Mrňa, Libor (referee) ; Kubíček, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma thesis is resolving all the possibilities of enhancing the efficiency of furnace structures welding. Small batch production does not offer many possibilities for implementing mechanization or automation. On the other hand, when using a big batch production, efficiency can be enhanced by means of a robotic workstation. When the production batch is big enough, we will see a costs save after a short time, mainly in labor costs. This means the return of investments will be in short time period. In the LAC company there are three types of products made. At laboratory furnaces the efficiency can be enhance by using fixtures. At other standard and atypical furnaces is very difficult to design fixtures or positioners because of their different sizes. Big complication can be also a company location on second floor. The most suitable product regarding to welding efficiency enhancement is big batch production of heaters. For this type the welding time can be shortened by means of a robotic workstation.
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Reliability of Technical Systems
Ertl, Jakub ; Šácha, Jakub (referee) ; Karpíšek, Zdeněk (advisor)
The diploma project is focused on investigating the reliability of multi-state technical systems. A summary of the basic conception of renewal theory and stochastic processes is given in this paper. The possibility of solving multi-state systems reliability by using Markov models or simulation is shown. The software Reliab. S. M. S. O. 1.0 was created for solving non-homogeneous series, parallel, series-parallel and parallel-series systems. Outputs of this software are described in chapter 10. This work also contains $\beta$-factor method and theory of common-cause failures. The diploma project was supported by project from MSMT of the Czech Republic no. 1M06047 "Centre for Quality and Reliability of Production" and by grant from Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (Czech Science Foundation) reg. no. 103/08/1658 "Advanced optimum design of composed concrete structures".
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USA and the energy revolution of shale gas
Bednaříková, Markéta ; Bič, Josef (advisor) ; Straková, Eliška (referee)
The thesis refers to the extraction of unconventional shale gas, which is one of the most discussed topics of last few years. It was not considered to be profitable until the end of the 20th century. What made the extraction cost-effective was the combination of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. While the first chapter characterize the shale gas and informs about the historical development, the second chapter aims at the economic impacts. Falling price of gas caused by the overproduction decreases the costs of enterprises and expenditures of households. The unemployment declines too. The third chapter describes the view into the future and utilization of shale gas in energetics, because the cheap gas makes the electricity production cost less. Then the possibility of gas export will be considered. Shale gas is nowhere extracted as much as in the USA. Therefore, it could be exported abroad. However, the exports of LNG could increase the value of dollar, which could badly affect the exporters of American products.
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Management of Quality in chosen a Company
PECHAČ, Petr
The theme of this work is to present quality standards in a chosen company, which is producing and selling non-alcoholic drinks. The following practical part has two tasks to solve. First, to prepare documentation of HACCP plan for implementation a new product, second to try to remove defect in comparison with BRC standard. Defects are : 1. missing specification forms for private labels 2. missing measuring form of customers satisfaction
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The use of simulation models to analyse the production process
Ficová, Pavla ; Kuncová, Martina (advisor) ; Brázdil, Ladislav (referee)
The use of simulation increasingly becomes part of business planning and analysis. Using a computer program a model that faithfully mimics reality can be easily created and used to analyze the situation in the company. In this diploma thesis simulation is used to accurately determine utilization of shields manufacturing machines. Further simulation is used to analyze the entire production process, which begins with the arrival of the material and ends with finished product. The main focus is placed on the practical part, but of course there some theory necessary for a deeper understanding the issue is also mentioned. Editing input information, means experimenting with the data is searching for the optimal utilization of machines, number of shifts and employees. Based on the results of the analysis number of produced shields and production process could be modified. The aim is to determine the current state of utilization and to find the ceiling for possible future expansion of production.
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Numerical simulation of mold filling and casting solidification
Kolda, Vlastimil ; Herman,, Aleš (referee) ; Krutiš, Vladimír (advisor)
The object of this diploma thesis is to analyze, persuant to numerical simulation of current technology of production aluminous casting roller-reck V9X, causes of the rise of cold lap and laminations defects. Consequently, to work up a project of variant solution of the shape of casting so, as to come to elimination mentioned defects. This variant solving will be tested with numerical simulation as well. Fruitfulness of these designed changes will be verified by testing molten of the casting. In terms of solve the problem the simulation of cycling of the mold and subsequently the filling of the casting will be effected. During the analyse of filling of the die the first phase of filling will be effected too.It means the movement of the piston throught the chambre. Simulation of solidification of the casting wont be effected because of the type of the defect.
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