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Agricultural in terms of Sustainable Development of Agrarian Sector
Frýdlová, Monika ; Boháčková, Ivana (advisor) ; Smutka, Luboš (referee)
The sustainability discourse clearly gives priority to the so-called "three-pillar model", according to which sustainable development should equally try to reach ecological, economic, and social goals. An increasing variety of methods is being proposed to address the question of the measurement of sustainable development. The concept of sustainable development can be interpreted in many different ways, but at its core is an approach to development that looks to balance different, and often competing, needs against an awareness of the environmental, social and economic limitations we face as asociety. Submitting theses deal with measuring sustainable agriculture and introduces a practical methodology for evaluating the sustainability of agriculture system by means of composite indicators. This methodology was based on calculating seven sustainability indicators that cover the three components of the sustainability concept (economic, social and environmental). The methodological proposal implemented in theses allowed an integrated vision of agricultural sustainability and careful selection of sustainability indicators, carried out on the basis of reliability criteria and applicability. The evaluation of agricultural sustainability/production system sustainability using the methods suggested is a potentially useful tool for public decision-makers who are tasked with designing and implementing agricultural policy. The results demonstrated the usefulness of analyzing several sustainability indicators in conjunction, in order to obtain more robust results. Such information can help to improve current agricultural policies, such as income policy, agricultural structure policy and rural development policy, with the aim of improving the sustainability of the agricultural sector.
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Perfomance management in hotel industry in the CR
Motyčka, Michal ; Hron, Jan (advisor) ; Macák, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this work is to propose effective changes in performance management in hotels in the Czech Republic. The thesis is focused on the employee performance. Performance management is a modern and effective approach to human resource management. This approach has evolved from the original classic staff evaluation and instruments such management by objectives. Unlike this classical tools, performance management is not focused on the past and finding the state, but is directed more to the future. It is a comprehensive, continuous and self-renewing process which includes the evaluation of workers, setting development plan and training, providing feedback and remuneration based performance. The emphasis in this process is placed on the evaluation of the workers and their personal development and remuneration. However, according to the recent research, staff remuneration is usually not based on track record. Although their performance is evaluated at least once a year and their personal development plans are not set. Deficiencies in performance management can also be found in the fact in that their personal development plans are not reviewed, adjusted. For the development of theoretical and empirical parts the methods of: analysis and synthesis were used. To determine the relevance of the respondents' views, the methods of observation, structured interview, questionnaire survey and statistical evaluation were used. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative research, the majority of hoteliers focus on evaluating the work of their staff, particularly through the evaluation interviews, MBO or mystery shopping. Personal development planning and remuneration based on performance is usually neglected. To increase the effectiveness of performance management in hospitality, frequent and shorter forms of assessment rather than traditional annual evaluation interviews are recommended. The conclusions obtained from the above studies suggest an emphasis on personal development and getting frequent feedback from employees during the period. The effective performance management should be focused more on salaries based on job performance, evaluation of employees and working approach. The performance salary should be included in most of the remuneration systems in hotels.
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The most important dietary sources of lipophilic vitamins
Šafránková, Simona ; Hejtmánková, Alena (advisor) ; Táborský, Jan (referee)
Basic piece of knowledge about nutrition and its need should be integral to every mans general knowledge. One of the vital nutritions ensuring a full-functioning organism are vitamins. Vitamins are essential ingredients, which play an important role in the human body and also in the processes of absorption and the exchange of substances between the external environment and living organism. They were discovered recently during the 20th century. The researches on their effects on the human body are still ongoing.
The vitamins are divided into two basic groups, water soluble vitamins, the so called hydrophilic (vitamins B and C), and fat soluble vitamins, the so called lipophilic (vitamins A, D, E and K).
The vitamin A is important to ensure good vision and recognizing colors. It support the quality and growth of bones, affects the egg and sperm and is needed for proper fetal development.
Vitamin A is found in foods of animal origin, such as dairy products, milk, meat and liver. In the food of plant origin, the vitamin A is replaced with many provitamins, of which most important is the beta carotene. A very rich source of these provitamins are leafy greens such as spinach or cabbage.
The recommended daily intake of vitamin A is 800 microgram, according to the standards of Czech republic. This need depends on the gender and age of each individual. The lack of vitamins A causes photophobia and impaired vision. The excess of vitamin A may be toxic for the organism. The interesting fact is that the beta carotene is not considered to be toxic.
Vitamin A is one of the labile vitamins. It is sensitive to heat, light and oxygen. At a gentle meal preparation and usual diet, the losses are around 20 %.
The vitamin D is consisted of group of several biologically active substances, of which the most important are vitamin D2, ergokalciferol, to be found in foods of plant origin, and vitamin D3, cholekalciferol, to be found in foods of animal origin.
In the human body, vitamin D acts as a hormone, it is formed at one point of the organism, but affects a different part of the body. The vitamin D ensures the intake and absorption of calcium and phosphorus and maintain their balance. It supports the immune system and may help in the psoriasis treatment.
The recommended daily intake of vitamin D is about 2,5 to 10 microgram. Pregnant and lactating women have a greater need for it, as well as infants and children. The lack of vitamin D disturbs the homeostasis of calcium and phosphate metabolism. The excess of vitamin D causes hypercalcaemia.
The most important foods source of vitamin D are liver, oil from fish liver, oil sea fish, fortified margarine and milk.
Vitamin D is sensitive to oxygen and light, its activity is not significantly affected by food storage or preparation.
Vitamin E is a major antioxidant. It is important to maintain the healthy cell wall and skin, muscles, nerves, erythrocytes, heart, and it is also responsible for the proper function of blood circulation.
The recommended daily intake of vitamin E is 8 to 20 mg. Its need is increased during exposure to sunlight and harmful influences, during increased physical exertion and when receiving large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The lack of vitamin E almost does not occur in healthy people, since it is present in nearly all basic kind of foods. The hypervitaminosis of vitamin E occurs only rarely, because there is no risk of overdose when receiving a normal diet.
The most important foods source of vitamin E are vegetal oils (such as sunflower and rapeseed), nuts, corn, pea, corn products, dark green leaf vegetables, eggs, liver and viscera.
Vitamin E is considered the most stable lipophilic vitamin. There is only a minimal loss of tocopherol during food processing, these losses are approximately 10 %.
The vitamin K supports blood clotting in the human body and, along with the vitamin D, is involved in the constant bone development and remodeling.
Both foods of plant and animal origin are sources of vitamin K, such as meat, liver, milk, vegetables and fruit. The recommended daily intake of vitamin K is around 0,01 to 0,14 mg. The infants and children up to three years have lower need of vitamin K intake. The most common cause of vitamin K hypovitaminosis is disruption of intestinal microflora caused by various drugs, e.g. antibiotics. Too high doses of vitamin K can accumulate in the body and lead to the breakdown of erythrocytes, damage the liver and cause jaundice in children.
There is not much information known about the stability of vitamin K yet. It has been found that vitamin K decomposes rapidly in the light, however its losses during food processing are minimal.
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CEA in breeds used for dog-assisted activities and therapies
Tipková, Zuzana ; Sedláková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Fiala Šebková, Naděžda (referee)
Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) is an inherited disease that primarily affects herding dog breeds such as Smooth and Rough Collie, Border Collie, Shetland Sheepdog and Australian Shepherd, as well as Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever. All these breeds can be used for dog-assisted activities, some individuals are also suitable for dog-assisted therapies. In the literature I found general information about the history, symptoms, diagnosis, mode of inheritance, genetic testing of the predisposed breeds.
CEA was first described in the 50s of the 20th century. Manifestations of CEA vary widely and therefore it has not been known that a variety of symptoms is caused by one disease for a long time.
Choroidal hypoplasia is the characteristic sign, furthermore may be present: coloboma, tortuosity of the retinal blood vessels, intraocular hemorrhage and retinal detachment leading to blindness. CEA cannot be cured. It is recommended to perform an early diagnosis, which is possible from 6 to 8 weeks of age, because the defect can be covered by later pigmentation in older pups and ocular fundus of the dog then appears normal. At first dog breeders did not pay much attention to this anomaly, because it is a small percentage of individuals who become completely blind as a consequence of that disease. Carriers of CEA have no symptoms, but their offspring may inherit a severe form of CEA. We cannot exclude affected individuals from breeding program in the breeds with high prevalence of CEA since it would reduce genetic diversity.
It is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation in the NHEJ1 gene. After the causative mutation was found, a two-step PCR assay, which uses two primer pairs to quickly detect the mutation in chromosomes, was developed. The latest molecular methods for the diagnosis of CEA include simplified analysis of the deletion without DNA isolation and rapid genotyping technique based on SYBR Green real-time PCR. Genetic tests are available in many countries now and so breeders can control the health of their dogs.
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Hereditary and non-hereditary factors affecting starch content in potato tubers
Malá, Lucie ; Sedláková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
This literature review relates to the starch which is presented in potato tubers, and hereditary and non-hereditary factors that influence content of the starch. At the beginning of the work, the attention is paid to the potatoes itself, especially their general characteristics. It should also mention the content of substances in tubers and their impact on human health. Further, the work is focused on the main thema, especialy starch present in potato tubers. Starch has considerable importance for the entire national economy, currently used not only in the starch industry, but it is more frequently used in other industries, for example paper or textile industry. Starch is composed from two important polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin which are described in details. There are factors, that may influence starch content in potato tubers, like genetic and environmental factors. The simplest genetic factor that can influence the content of starch in potato tubers is crossing. The biosynthesis of starch is very important, which depends on several enzymes that initiate the metabolic pathway. It is pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase (SS), enzymes branched starch (SBEs) and enzymes unbranched starch (DBES). Starch synthase plays an important role here, in particular her isoform GBSS (granule bound starch synthase), which synthesizes amylose. Amylopectin is synthesized by a complex of enzymes SSI, SSII, SSIII, SSIV. The manipulation of single sugar genes metabolism can affect the formation and composition of starch in any variety of potatoes. This manipulation is called transgenesis and her goal is the creation of new potato genotypes. We can produce potato starch with high amylose by inhibiting enzymes SBE A and SBE B. A starch with a high amount of amylose is highy asked from the industry, because starch has unique functional properties. It should be mentioned DNA markers that has connection with the cultivation of potatoes and offers new opportunities for selecting potatoes genotypes. With DNA markers is linked MAS analysis and the associated method PCR polymerase chain reaction method. Another important method is QTL method. The environmental factors which influence the starch content of potatoes, which are mentioned in this work, are drought, light, cold. It should also be noted that even postharvest stress has a negative effect on starch content in potato tubers. Environmental stress affects and changes the yield of the starch.
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Analysis of Development Projects´ Planning History: Case Study Praha - Western Part of "Rohanský" Island
Wild, Jan ; Macoun, Milan (advisor) ; Lucie, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis surveys the planning history of the western part of Rohan Island in Prague. The thesis pursues part of Prague situated in Prague 8 called Karlín. The first part provides basic definitions about selected parts of theoretical part. The analytical part pursues history of Karlín since 19th Century. The next chapters look into pursued locality concerning proprietary relationships and planning documents which had key role in decision-making in this area. The subchapters discuss more facts which had an influence on Rohan Island constructions. In the final section of analytical part, there is summary of history of planning. The contribution of the thesis is to find out whether it is reasonable to plan in such big developing areas as Rohan Island or not. Main resources are specialized literature in this area, land maps, city planning studies and interviews with people involved in constructions in the western part of Rohan Island. The thesis includes cartographical and picturical attachments.
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Analysis of the American Craft Beer Industry
Baron, Mark Robert ; Maier, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the effects of franchise laws and excise tax breaks targeted specifically at small brewers, as well as the effects of the right of small brewers to self-distribute their products. The amount of the state excise tax per gallon, population density, and beer consumption per capita are also analyzed as secondary effects to explain the size and growth of the craft beer industry. The analysis is carried out using two-equation, multivariate ordinary least squares regressions at the national level and additional models for the Northeastern, Midwestern, Southern, and Western regions of the United States of America. The final discussions of this thesis discuss the findings of these legislations as well as the additional factors regressed and provide insight for implications or lack thereof on the booming American Craft Beer Industry.
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Foreign Trade in Petrochemical Industry of Iran
Bassam, Abdoljabbar ; Maitah, Mansoor (advisor) ; Anna, Anna (referee)
Iran's economy is characterized by over dependence on the oil sector. Iran has been gradually growing into a centre for production of petrochemicals in the world. Petrochemical industry is one of the significant components of oil industry and is one of the principal industries in Iran which has an influential role in Iran's economy. Although it is widely acknowledged that exports, particularly through manufactured components, play an important role as a potential source of economic growth. Hence, the aim of this research is to analysis the impact of petrochemical products export revenue on economic growth. Therefore the main objective of this research is the study of export-led growth hypothesis (ELG hypothesis) of Iran's economy in the petrochemical industry by taking a time series data for the period of 1990-2010. It applies ordinary least square (OLS) method to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product, exports of petrochemical products, real exchange rate and inflation. The results of the study show that there is a positive relationship between export of petrochemical products and economic growth which validate export-led growth hypothesis in petrochemical industry while negative impact of inflation and real exchnage rate is observed. Furthermore, in this study SWOT analysis of the Iran petrochemical industry is presented.
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Population genetics of Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) in Eurasia
Báčová, Alžběta ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The grey wolf (Canis lupus) is the largest canine carnivore living on northern
hemisphere of the Earth. Excessive persecution of Canis lupus at the turn of 19th and
20th century has caused nearly extermination of this animal species in the most parts
of its natural habitat. Natural habitat got rapidly smaller at that time. At the end of 20th
century number of individuals of Canis lupus has increased and the grey wolf has
started to return to its natural habitat due to better legal protection. Its natural habitat
is very fragmented especially in Western Europe. The origin of founders of wolf
populations is estimated and the tracks of migrating individuals are followed, by
monitoring the gene flow. In last fifteen years the grey wolf has started to return back
to Czech countryside. Usage of microsatellites proved its presence in Beskyd
Mountains, Czech and Slovakia republic. Comparing DNA samples of Canis lupus with
those of Carpathian wolves showed the same origin of both groups within Europe.
Detailed research points to deeper structure even within subpopulation.
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The Chosen Destination Question on the Tourist Industry Market in the Czech Republic
Klimendová, Aneta ; Navrátilová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Toth, Štefan (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the issues of tourism in Belgium. The theoretical part is defined by the basic information such as definitions, types and other general specifics of tourism. The next part is focused on characteristic of Belgium and natural, cultural, demographic and economic conditions for tourism. Furthermore, it defines the services like a transport from the Czech Republic and accommodation and catering in Belgium. Two original tours are created in practical part and it was based on the assessment of the topical market supply.
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