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The influence of time in feed enrichment with unsaturated fatty acids to selected parameters of pig carcass value with regard to the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat
Pantoflíček, Jiří ; Čítek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Miloslav, Miloslav (referee)
The thesis aims to evaluate the impact of aliment with higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids, consumed for a different period of time, to utilitarian attributes of pigs before a slaughter, with respect to the composition of fatty acids in the intramuscular fat of tested animals.
The factors that influence the quality of meat are interior, exterior and technological. Among the qualitative markers of quality of meat we rank the share of meat and fat, acidification rate, color, viscosity, contents of intramuscular fat (marbling), smell, taste, juiciness and delicacy. Together with hygienic and nutritive attributes, consumers and processors consider these technological and sensory aspects to be the most important.
The ultimate goal of this thesis is to compare the impact of different length of feeding soy oil on parameters of pork meat quality and growth.
However, the interference of growth attributes was inconclusive and the test result came similar in different groups of tested pigs.
What was influenced by adding the soy oil into the feed is the fatty acids profile. The contents of fatty acids remained unchanged in every test group. Over time the content of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased. The most significant change occurred in representation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which increased in the test groups with longer period of feeding with enriched feed, mostly at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids.
The differences between the test groups of pigs were statistically inconclusive; therefore the soy oil enrichment did not worsen the technological parameters of meat and fat quality.
The longer period of feeding the soy oil enriched feed led to significant increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids. According to the findings, adding the soy oil into the feed will have no effect at all if done short time before the slaughter.
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Clinical biochemical indicators used in diagnostics of equine diseases
Puldová, Doubravka ; Ptáčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Krejčířová, Romana (referee)
The thesis aims to compile overview of main biochemical indicators that are important in for diagnostics of equine diseases.
Clinical biochemistry is a medical discipline that uses biochemistry and pathobiochemistry for the determination of diagnosis based on activity changes of analytes observed. Laboratory evaluation of analytes has three phases: pre-analytical (preparation of patient to sampling, sampling and sample storage and transport), analytic (analysis) and post-analytical (evaluation of results, veterinarian also contributes in this part). Pre-analytial phase is the most time consuming and also the most error prone. The errors mostly occur during preparation of the patient, during sampling or sample transportation. The most analyzed materials for biochemical analysis are blood, urine and liquor.
Biochemical indicators are compound that are often influenced by the disease, therefore it is possible to use them for the diagnosis. Nitrogen metabolism indicators include proteins, urea, creatinine and ammonia. Enzymes (aminotransferase, gama-glutamyltransferase, glutamatedehydrogenase, lactatedehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinkinase and sorbitoldehydrogenase are the main indicators of liver function (they contribute on the metabolism of another compounds) or of the fitness of horse. Glucose and lactate values indicate energetic metabolism, cholesterol and triglycerides indicate lipid metabolism. Water and electrolyte metabolism indicators are sodium, potassium and chlorides. The mineral profile is shown by calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.
The result of determination of analytes is compared with reference values that are not only species-specific but can be also influenced by age or sex. These values represent the range of the compound concentration in body fluid under physiological conditions. It is important to take the clinical symptoms into the account. Not all indicators that are usually indicated in human medicine or different animals are suitable for diagnosis of equine diseases. Majority of indicators diagnose equine-rare diseases (i.e. diabetes mellitus or hepatitis). Determinations of muscle enzymes and lactate are important for the fitness analysis.
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The growth of Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta) in reclaimed spoil banks
Štrudl, Robin ; Bažant, Václav (advisor) ; Slávik, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the detection of the dynamics of the growth and development of lodgepole pine, which is intended for the purposes of the forestry reclamation on anthropogenic soils spoil banks. In the first stage it is approached the issue of growth and development of woody plants on spoil banks. Are described recent formations, their cutting and editing, further forestry reclamation and associated issues, on which follows the description of the entitlements of tree species in different territories, further criteria necessary for the correct evaluation of the conditions on the habitats directive and appropriate ways of establishing the stands. Subsequently, we approached lodgepole pine, its description, extension, variability, etc. In the second part of the thesis is studied and evaluated growth of lodgepole pine. The first is characterized by the interest of the territory and its natural conditions. On the plots in the forestry arboretum on the spout Antonin samples were taken in the form of stem discs, which served as the basis for determining the necessary values. Values were obtained from tree rings.
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Evaluation of pasive detectors in intrusion and hold-up alarm systems
Kalivoda, Petr ; Hart, Jan (advisor) ; Libich, Ladislav (referee)
Thesis deals with passive safety elements . The issue is dealt with in the theoretical part and
a practical part . In the theoretical section provides information used for introduction and its
current development . The practical part deals with the principles of magnetic -synaptic
contacts , their reliability and proper functioning . It adds an option for simple - holding .
Shown are the practical experiments from laboratory measurements to clarify the issue of
magnetic contacts and compare actual values with the theoretical values indicated by the
manufacturer . Finally, we evaluated the results of the work
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Performance recording in Charolais beef herd
Jelínek, Petr ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
Summary
In this thesis I dealt with verification of performance of beef cattle Charolais Breed on farm: Chov Charolais spol. s r. o. Slabce. The main objective of my diploma work was to assess the growth abilities of calves Charolais breed from birth till weaning in relation to various factors, for instance: gender, order of calving, number of born calves during one calving, month and year of the birth on the respective farm. The relevant data was assessed for the period of years 2012 - 2015. In this period there was born 324 calves of which 162 bulls, 153 heifers and 9 still born calves. The assessment of calf's growth characteristics was related to the average birthweight, average gain from birth to 120 days, and average weight at the age of 120 and 210 days. For the evaluation of calf's growth characteristics was used data gained from the database of performance testing of beef cattle (KUMP) for the given period. Growth parameters related to selected factors were processed with the use of statistical software SAS 9.3 (SAS 9.3, 2011).
The average weight of young bulls at birth was 33,58 kg and average weight of heifers was 32,99 kg. The average weight of bulls at the age of 120 days was 183,66 kg and the average weight of heifers was 175,58 kg which was demonstrated to be statistically significant (P < 0,01). The average weight of bulls at the age of 210 days was 288,28 kg which is again higher than heifers with average weight of 264,21 kg (P < 0,05). To summarize, there was identified statistically significant difference of the gender influence in behalf of bulls.
After comparison of average weight at birth, at the age of 120 and 210 days separately for twins and an only child, there is obvious and also statistically significant finding (P < 0,01) that the observed twins are usually smaller at birth and their growth abilities are worse than that of only child. The average weight at birth for an only child is about 4,48 kg higher compared to twins. Then the average weight at the age of 120 days for an only child is about 38,68 kg higher than average weight of twings. Finally the average weight at the age of 210 days is about 58,26 kg higher for an only child.
Regarding to the influence of order of calving there was identified no significant effect to both average birth weight and weight at the age of 210 days. The only statistical significance was identified between order of calving and the average weight at the age of 120 days in 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving (P < 0,05). Further I found out that calves in the 1st order of calving have significantly lower average weight from the 1st calving mothers at the age of 120 days than the calves in the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving. The average weight of calves at the age of 120 days is about 9,29 kg lower than weight of calves in the 2nd order of calving. On the other hand the average weight of calves at the age of 120 days in the 5th order of calving is about 18,37 kg higher than weight of calves in the 1st order of calving. Similarly, calves in the 7th order of calving have about 13,63 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers. And also calves at the age of 120 days in the 10th order of calving have about 15,78 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers.
In respect of influence of year of birth was identified statistically significant different level (P < 0,01) of the average birthweight in year 2013 compared to other years. Similarly there was demonstrated the statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) regarding to the average gain from birth in year 2013 compared to other years. The average birthweight in 2013 was 34,91 kg. The lowest average birthweight of 31,65 kg was observed in 2015. And for instance in 2012 the average birthweight was 32,48 kg which is still about 2,43 kg lower than in 2013. Regarding the evaluation of the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days there was only reported value of 1046,78 g in 2013. The best year regarding the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days was year 2014 which represented value of 1214,37 g.
In the observed breed there took place births predominantly from January till June. Regarding the month of birth there was demonstrated statistically significant difference (P < 0,05) in respect of average birthweight of calves born in May 31,98 kg compared calves born in February 32,55 kg and in March 33,07 kg. Further was identified statistically significant difference regarding the average gain from birth for calves born in June 995,28 g compared to calves born in February 1197,87 g (P < 0,01). Similarly in March was reported value of 1181,18 g (P < 0,05). The last statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) was identified in respect of average weight at the age of 210 days of calves born in May 199,55 kg and in June 201 kg in comparison to calves born in January 282,05 kg, in February 284,65 kg, in March 277,21 kg and in April 277,76 kg. To conclude, based on the statistical analysis, conclusive results and literary sources there had been confirmed hypothesis that internal factors positively affect the growth abilities of calves.
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Gas exchange characteristics in relation to genotypes in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) under water stress
Helebrantová, Aneta ; Hnilička, František (advisor) ; Pazderů, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelors dissertation was compiled on theme of: Gas exchange characteristics in relation to genotypes in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) under water stress.
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is, similarly as the others leaf vegetables, difficult crop in terms of providing the sufficient level of moisture, therefore the attention is drawn to the varieties of spinach which are resistant to the water stress. Thus the target of cultivation is to find plant which will be resistance to influence of the water stress.
In climabox of department of botanics and physiology was founded experiment with three species of spinach: Misano F1, Monores a Matador. The temperature mode was set to 21 °C during the day and 17 °C during the night. The light mode was set to 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark per day. Maximum light level in climabox was 800 micromole. The plants were cultivated in 4 recurrences, diagram of experiment is involving two variants: control and stress. The plants in control variant were cultivated in substrate, which was irrigated during the whole time of experiment by 250 ml of water. For the plants in stress variant the supply of water was suspended for 10 days and the substrate was naturally continuously dehydrating. After 10 days the water supply was restored (rehydration) for plants in stress variant, same as level of control variant. The observation was made for the speed of gas exchange (photosynthesis and transpiration) in two-day interval. The speed of gas exchange was measured on leaf area with infrared gasometric gas analyzer Lpro+ (ADC Bioscientific, Hodeson, UK). Measured was conducted in morning hours according. Based on the measured values of photosynthesis and transpiration we calculated water usage effectiveness (WUE).
Based on obtained results is evident that the highest average speed of photosynthesis in control variant was observed at variety of Monores (12,10 micromole CO2.m-2.s-1) and lowest at variety Misano (11,58 micromole CO2.m-2.s-1). The highest average speed of photosynthesis in stress variant was measured at variety of Matador (9,43 micromole CO2.m-2.s-1) and lowest at variety Monores (8,76 micromole CO2.m-2.s-1). There was observed decrease of photosynthesis for each of variety during the water stress.
The highest average values of transpiration were observed at variety Monores (1,97 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1), lowest at variety Matador (1,68 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1). Stressed variety Misano reached level of photosynthesis 1,82 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1. Control variety Matador reached speed of transpiration 1,54 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1 and variety Monores 1,85 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1.Variety Misano was on same level of control variant as stress variant.
The most sensitively reacted variety Monores, which usage of water was 4,43 (10-3). Variety Matador managed the stress well, the usage of water was 5,60 (10-3).
Obtained results confirmed hypothesis of genotype differences depending on water deficit, thus there are differences between gas exchange and WUE in control and stress plants.
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Analysis of sheep utility attributes in ecological and conventional flocks in the Czech Republic
Linhartová, Iveta ; Ptáček, Martin (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The goal of this diploma thesis was to perform an analysis of sheep breeding of Suffolk breed in basic reproductive performance and meat production traits aspects. The information for rating these aspects was used from two farms. The first of them used conventional way of breeding (ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo) and the second one used ecological way (EkofarmaKosařůvmlýn, s.r.o.).
Fertilization, fertility, intensity and rearing belong among monitored reproductive indicators. These reproductive indicators are expressed in percentages. Regarding meat production traits rating in this thesis we compared influences of year of lambing, farming method, birth month, sex, litter size and age of dam. All these influences were judge according to birth weight (kg), weight at the age of 100 days (kg), average growth (g), depth of the longest dorsal muscle (mm) and according to depth of subcutaneous fat (mm). Reproductive performance and meat production were monitored in years 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015.
In terms of reproductive performance with a few exceptions it was true that ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo reached the best values, and in most cases better than the national average. For example in terms of intensity values in 2012 ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo had 35,9% better results compared to national average. In the same year this farm reached 48,1% higher values of percentage rearing compared to national average. Ekofarma Kosařův mlýn, s.r.o. showed worse performances, however it was in most cases better than national average. In terms of intensity in 2011 Ekofarma Kosařův mlýn, s.r.o. had the same results as the ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo. Meat production properties were supported by statistical calculations and all of them were conclusive at least at the level of significance P < 0,05 in all cases except month of birth effect on birth weight. The best results of meat production in terms of effect of lambing had the year 2012, when the birth weight was one of the highest and the other properties (weight at the age of 100 days, average growth, depth of the longest dorsal muscle, depth of subcutaneous fat) were by far the highest in the period of 2011-2015. Next we found out that the ecological way of breeding (in this case Ekofarma Kosařůvmlýn, s.r.o.) has better results than the conventional way (ZVOZD Horácko, družstvo).
The effect of birthmonth has the significant influence on the indicators of meat production and the lambs born in April had the best results. In the case of sex rams are better. Litter size has very important influence on meat production the more lambs per one mother, the lower
birth weights, the lower weights until the period of weaning, the lower weights at the age of 100 days. It is affected by milkiness of the mother. Moreover, the age of mothers also play a significant role. In our research the highest birth weights had lambs of one year old mothers and all other indicators were the highest in the case of three year old dams.
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Characteristics important for ensuring of sustainable and development of dairy cattle herds breeding
Lelek, Jaroslav ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Petr, Petr (referee)
The aim of this dissertation was to assess the influence of characteristics important for
ensuring of sustainable and development of dairy cattle herds breeding. The data investigated
describe approximately 5138 dairy cows in period of four years in selected farming´s of dairy
cattle in district of Jičín. There were these indicators of reproduction processed: conception
rate after first insemination, conception rate after all inseminations, interval of insemination,
index of insemination, service period and meantime; the data were collected from seven
stables of Bohemian Spotted cattle and from seven stables of Holstein cattle. The longevity
was investigated from the number of dairy cows at respective lactation of both investigated
breeds and from the average lactation in respective years. The results of investigation prove
that the average percentage representation of dairy cow at respective lactation between
2012-2015 ranged 33,4 % at first lactation, and 24,68 % at second lactation, and 18,13 %
at third lactation, and 11,48 % at fourth lactation, and 6,53 % at fifth lactation, and 3,32 %
at sixth lactation, and 2,36 % at seventh and more lactations.
The evident data from comparison prove, that till third lactation there is higher percentage
representation of Holstein cattle and from third lactation there are more cows of Bohemian
Spotted cattle, and also the average reached lactation confirms this the value of 2,75 lactation
for Bohemian Spotted cattle and the value of 2,3 lactation for Holstein cattle. The influence of
breed on the average length of lactation was quite weak. The results of rating indicators of
reproduction also have not proven any statistically important difference between both types of
cattle as concerns values reached by each cattle, but the original Bohemian Spotted cattle
reached better results in all indicators, and thus it is probably more suitable for the area of
district Jičín.
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The renovation of historical parks near the small feudal residences on the example of the study of the renovation of the castle garden in Doudleby nad Orlici in Eastern Bohemia.
Faltysová, Lenka ; Buttry, Ivana (advisor) ; Jakub, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this work is the processing methodology and presentation process how to restore monuments of garden art. On the example of the revitalization of the castle garden immovable cultural monument Castle Doudleby nad Orlicí, based on the study of literature, similar interventions and the analysis and interpretation of various types of archival material the current quality of historic garden was evaluated. It is based on field survey, which consists of dendrological research, analyzing the authenticity of trees and appreciation of all the collected documents, historical sources and professional literature. Concept recovery of castle garden is based on the expert authority´s binding point of view of the state care of historical monuments.
Renaissance castle in Doudleby nad Orlici is located in the eastern part of the town on a slightly raised hill on the right bank of the River Divoká Orlice. There was a wooden medieval fortress with the farmyard on this place in the 13th century. Sr Mikuláš from Bubno started to build a hunting lodge in the Renaissance style as villa in 1588, which was finished in 1590. The significance of Renaissance residence, which complement the early Baroque elements from the late 17th century, is enhanced by the opulent and impressive sgraffito - carpet pattern covering all external and internal frontage, restored in 1886 by Kirchner. The tall chimneys are the part of decoration in the courtyard decorated with sgraffito as well. The chateau complex is formed along its circuit of farm buildings and residential buildings. Building of castle itself is separated by a park with old trees and newer lawns (Hieke, 1984).
Castle park in Doudleby nad Orlicí was founded in 1809 in compositional continuity of the Renaissance castle building. The park forms one organic complex with the castle. The promoter strived, like in the castle rooms, to demonstrate here his wealth, his sense of art and his botanical-dendrological knowledge. The park is designed as a narrow disposition in landscape style and it is composed as a long vista to the castle. The area of the landscape park is 3.76 hectares nowadays.
The literature search is especially dedicated to the Renaissance and its relationship to the garden art. The monument care in the Czech Republic and the activity of professional organization of the monument care of the National Heritage Institute in Josefov is introduced in this section.
The methodological guide describes the used bolsterings and resulting outputs on the basis of them are implemented of such measures, which will help to improve the health and vitality of existing promising trees and new plantings of trees, which are consistent with the original composition with emphasis on the rehabilitation and upgrading of historical value of the object. Treatment of trees and supplementary planting will be done within the frame of total revitalization of the castle park.
The practical unit describes the current status of vegetation monuments of garden art. The inventory trees is the essential tool for analyzing the current status of vegetation monuments of garden art. Inventory, which should provide quality base for a draft recovery, should also be addressed in certain parts with characteristics of individual species (Krejčiřík, 2015).
The results of field investigation were completely recorded in the graphical output.
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Evaluation of growth and fertility in chosen columnar apple-tree varieties
Brázdová, Ludmila ; Zíka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Súkeníková, Tereza (referee)
This paper deals with the evaluation of growth and fertility in selected apple varieties. I will discuss the range of columnar apple trees, which represent a further step in the development of growing shapes. Eleven different varieties grafted onto two different rootstocks was assessed. Planting was establish in the spring of 2013, the clamp 3 x 0,8 m. The trees were planted as a two-year vaccinees.
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the increase in trunk diameter, the intensity of growth and yield of selected columnar apple varieties, before and after the end of their vegetation. It was necessary to evaluate the cross-sectional area strain in (cm2), increase in cross-sectional area strain in (cm2), average fruit weight (g), crown height (m), absolute yield (kg) per tree, specific yield on (cm2) cross-sectional area, yield (kg) on increase in area strain, area yield (t / ha) and specific yield on the crown height (kg / m).
In the theoretical part I will deal with the history of apple growing and growing development of various shapes, characteristics of apple trees, their significance and composition. Further I will discuss demands on the growing the apple tree and its treating. At the same time I will mention the major diseases and pests. At the end of this part I will describe harvesting methods and proper storage.
The practical part is focused on the experiment itself and its subsequent evaluation. I will mention the location and characteristics of the habitat where the apple tree grew. I will describe specific columnar varieties and rootstocks used. I will characterize the specific location of the varieties grown and the activities that were implemented during the evaluation period of the experiment.
In conclusion, the results have been evaluated, to which I arrived during the entire measurements. This part contains the observed values displayed in two tables. For a better overview of the data obtained and the results they are displayed graphically. At the end there is a complete summary of the whole work.
For the most of the results it has been proved that a base affects the intensity of growth and yield. The biggest growth area strain (cm2) had a variety 'Cumulus' on rootstock M 26, but on the rootstock M 9 the increase was significantly lower. When assessing absolute yield the highest values were observed in a variety 'Red Spring' on rootstock M 26, followed by the yield of variety 'Slendera' on rootstock M 26. The lowest yield was observed in cultivar 'Cumulus' on M 9. In these cases, we can confirm the influence of rootstock of variety. When evaluating the specific yield on increase strain the highest yield was at varieties 'Red Spring' on M 26, followed by a variety 'Slendera', where the yield was greater on the rootstock M 9. Here it is impossible to unequivocally confirm that the rootstock M 26 has a higher yield than the rootstock M 9.
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