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Oxidative stress biomarkers of the erythrocyte in the newborn - a follow-up study
Zubatá, Karolína ; Čečková, Martina (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University University of Porto Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Biological Sciences Student: Karolína Zubatá Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Consultants: Susana Rocha, Ph.D., prof. Alice Santos-Silva, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Oxidative stress biomarkers of the erythrocyte in the newborn - a follow-up study Increased levels of oxidative stress (OS) have been described in healthy, full-term newborns as a consequence of the drastic changes introduced by birth and by the exposure to extrauterine environment. Our intention was to examine the OS levels in red blood cells (RBCs) of neonates and to further understand the changes that the newborn organism undergoes with its newly- acquired autonomy as this knowledge is limited and there are no reference values. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from a small population of newborns (n = 8) and several hematological and biochemistry parameters were evaluated. Our experimental data consist of OS biomarkers measurements performed in different fractions of blood (RBC membrane, total RBCs and plasma): membrane bound hemoglobin (MBH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), quantification of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities,...
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Psychological support and communication with family on newborn resuscitation, ICU
Morávková, Tereza ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Novák, Ivan (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE 1. LÉKAŘSKÁ FAKULTA Studijní program: Specializace ve zdravotnictví N5345 Studijní obor: Intenzivní péče MIP 5345T024 Bc. Tereza Morávková Psychická podpora a komunikace s rodinou novorozence na ARO/JIP Psychological support and communication with family on newborn resuscitation, ICU DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Vedoucí diplomové práce: PhDr. Alena Mellanová, CSc. Praha ABSTRACT This diploma thesis is theoretical and empirical, and focuses on emotional support and communication with parents of a newborn in a resuscitation department or ICU. It analyzes the approach that the medical staff has towards these parents, specifically psychological support in the form of sufficient and adequate communication. The theoretical section begins with the classification of newborns. Next the reasons for intensive and neonatal care for very premature babies are discussed. The following chapter contains an analysis of the psychological changes that the parents of a newborn in a resuscitation department or ICU may experience. This chapter describes the general characteristics of fear and anxiety. The next section describes the reasons, possible manifestations and consequences of this fear and anxiety experienced by the families. The next chapter sets out the principles of communication with a family in a...
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Placental transfusion in extremely immature newborns.
Primaková, Barbora ; Lamberská, Tereza (advisor) ; Šimják, Patrik (referee)
The bachelor thesis presents the current topic of placental transfusion in extremely premature newborns. The main aim of the thesis is to introduce a unique method of stabilising extremely premature newborns on the intact umbilical cord to the Czech professional public. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The first chapters show a brief overview of the extremely premature newborns' transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The following section presents currently used methods of placental transfusion, with particular emphasis on placental transfusion methods used for extremely preterm newborns. In the practical part are discussed the case reports of extremely premature newborns who were stabilised on the intact umbilical cord. Key words: Extremely premature newborn, Placental transfusion, Delayed cord clamping, Umbilical cord milking, Stabilisation on the intact ublilical cord
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Mother-infant bonding - a historical comparison
Slezáková, Zdeňka ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Šmídová, Olga (referee)
Bonding is an emotional and biological process that creates a bond between a mother and her child and is among others important for easier breastfeeding, faster recovery of the mother etc. It is important to support it by an early contact between the mother and her newborn child. The diploma thesis aims to compare the discourse regarding mother-infant bonding and its support in our country around the year of 1980, when the rooming-in system appears, up to the present, with the milestone between 1998 and 2000, when the Centre of Active Birth was established as a result of changes in birth care that occurred then and which started to offer a different kind of care from the model that was known and used in the Czech Republic at that time. Emphasis will be put on the development of the discourse, changes in birth and after-birth care it has brought and changes of its participants and the role which women have as receivers of care. The theoretic part introduces the relatively little-known term 'bonding' and its support from the biological and social points of view, then discourse analysis will be applied in the methodological and experimental parts of the thesis. Analysed materials included media communication both in printed and electronic forms available at each analysed period. Keywords:...
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The effect of addictive substance abuse during pregnancy on newborn
Novotná, Michaela ; Břízová, Vlastimila (advisor) ; Lorenz, Andrea (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals with addictions in pregnancy and its consequences on the newborn. Addiction is the ever-emerging problem. The usage of substances is no exception in a population of pregnant women. The most commonly used substances are both socially tolerated alcohol and nicotine. Despite lower numbers there also addiction to heroin, marijuana and meth. Usage affects not only the woman but also her unborn child. Newborn babies are born with low birth weight, withdrawal syndromes, congenital developmental defects and are also at risk of death. Everything is depending on the substance and the amount used by a pregnant woman. These women and their children require a special and comprehensive care. In the practical part we deal with the degree of the mother's awareness of the consequences of substance abuse. Research was conducted using a questionnaire which women fill voluntarily and anonymously. Correctly filled 100% of the returned questionnaires (103). As we expected in our hypotheses, the most commonly used addictive substance between the respondents was nicotine, which have taken a maximum of 5 cigarettes per day. Furthermore, the questionnaire has confirmed the hypothesis that more than 50% of women have knowledge about the negative effects of substance abuse in pregnancy...
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The educational process for parents of a newborn with atresia of the esophagus
Vodrážková, Kateřina ; Bratová, Andrea (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
In our bachelor thesis we deal with the educational process for parents of a newborn baby with atresia of the esophagus. The bachelor thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part we deal with the issue of atresia of the esophagus, its distribution, diagnosis, treatment, as well as the possible complications and the subsequent post-operative care of a newborn. Furthermore, in this section we cover the basic knowledge related to education and the educational process. In the empirical section determine the level of newborn mother's knowledge. Mothers were hospitalized after surgery for atresia of the esophagus of her daughter at the Clinic of pediatric surgery of the University hospital in Motol. And provide a statistical overview of children with atresia esophagus hospitalized in the period from January 2011 to December 2016. We created the educational process based on mother knowledge. We created the exploratory part using medical documentation and execution of the educational process with the consent of the Faculty hospital in Motol. Through the educational process we enlighten mother about the importance of proper fixation of the nasogastric tube, preparation and administration of the special dietary allowance and the importance of compliance with preventive...
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The effect of maternal smoking on the homeostasis of the fetoplacental unit
Adamcová, Karolína ; Pařízek, Antonín (advisor) ; Miovský, Michal (referee) ; Procházka, Martin (referee)
Maternal smoking causes serious health danger for a mother but especially for a baby. Cigarette smoking produces complex steroidogenesis changes during the whole life of a woman. To study the influence of smoking on fetoplacental unit focusing on steroid hormons it was important first to concentrate on changes of the chosen steroids around the delivery. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to observe some chosen steroid hormons in peripartal period (37th week of the pregnancy, first stage of labor of mothers and mixed umbilical blood of their neonates) and to look for relations to the age of mother, the increase of the weight during the pregnancy, the type of the delivery and the sex of the baby. It was interesting to compare steroids in the relation to the type of the delivery: vaginal delivery versus planned caesarean section. Non-smoking women who delivered a boy spontaneously had significantly higher level of 17-OH-pregnenolone, progesterone, cortisol, corticosterone and significantly lower level of estradiol in comparison with non-smoking women who delivered a boy by a planned Caesarean section. In the maternal blood in the 37th week of the pregnancy there were found differences between steroids in accordance to the sex of the fetus but they were not found in the neonates' case. The age...
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A satisfaction of expectant mothers with care in the perinatology center
Klejová, Nikola ; Čábela, Radek (advisor) ; Přáda, Jan (referee)
This thesis is split into two parts, theory, where I primarily define terminology of perinatology, medical staff, perinatology itself in Czech republic, neonatology, which the Apolinář centre is very well known for. And also research theory. Second part is so called practical part of the bachelor thesis, which concerns the area of research into satisfaction of mothers in care in the perinatology centre of Apolinář in Prague. It is primarily focused on satisfaction of mothers with intimacy, privacy, care, staff behaviour, quality of food, cleanliness of the facility and the impression of the environment, in which the woman experiences the most important moments of her life. Research has been conducted by surveying mothers in care of the facility, as the simplest most effective, anonymous and least time consuming method. This research has pointed out the strong ant he weak points of perinatology centre. The weak points are also addressed in more detail in chapter ,,Recommendation and prevention", where I try to present viable solutions for those issues. The aim of this work was to determine the level of care in the maternity hospital at Apolinář and based on the results to recommend appropriate improving measures not only for the care of mothers and newborns. Keywords: perinatology, mother, maternity...
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Midwifery of Period Called Pobelohorska Infanticide
Surá, Alexandra ; Říhová, Milada (advisor) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee) ; Pařízek, Antonín (referee)
I initially explored historic figures of European accoucheur of the 17. and 18. century. Beyond this I focused on a period called "Pobělohorská" in Czech countries. I summarized the health conditions of the population during this period, and described medical professions, midwifery and emergency Christening ceremonies. One chapter discusses partnerships and considers women who hid their pregnancy to avoid the prospect of caring for their children in the future. For this reason I present questions relating to how women hid their pregnancy during the Early Modern period. In the next chapter I discuss aspects of the process of giving birth, the locations where women gave birth and the moments thereafter. I present the circumstances of the death of the baby and the possible causes of death. The process of investigation of the scene, an assessment of the body and the search for the mother of the baby (as a potential murderer) are all considered. The assessment of the body was in the hands of the regional physiciusurgeon and a midwife. In my work I describe how the body was assessed, how they judged the maturity of the newborn baby and if the baby was born dead or alive. Further chapters explain the treatment of the umbilical cord, the inquisition of the witnesses and the suspect, and the next steps of...
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Differences in the structure of mothers and their newborn children born in Czechia in 2014 related to the use of the IVF method
Havelková, Tereza ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Differences in the structure of mothers and their newborn children born in Czechia in 2014 related to the use of the IVF method Abstract The work deals with the evaluation of specific aspects in mothers who became pregnant after the application of in vitro fertilization (IVF) methods in comparison with mothers who did not undergo such treatment. Apart from mothers themselves, the comparative analysis also focuses on newborn children, again distinguishing between those children who were most likely born following IVF treatment and those who were not. The analysis makes use of individual anonymized data of reported health care from the GHIC CR database for mothers who gave birth in 2014 and their newborn children. The introductory part of the work deals with the overview of the development of assisted reproduction, its success rate and the consequences associated with the development of its methods. Subsequently, data for newborn children and their mothers are analyzed on the basis of the sex of the newborn, the birth weight, the frequency of birth, the type of birth, complications of mothers and newborns during hospitalization related to childbirth, the length of hospitalization after birth and costs associated with hospitalization after birth. The aim of the work is to evaluate the resulting structural...
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